Li Qingzhao was born in a family of literary scholars. Father Li is from Zhangqiu, Jinan? Jinshi origin, Su Shi's student, the official to mention some prisons, and the Ministry of rites is a foreign minister. He has a rich collection of books and is good at literature and ci works. There is a stone tablet carved on the south of the north wall of Dongzhai of Qufu Confucius Temple, which reads: "Give a certain punishment, learn from Li, worship Ning (1 102) on the 28th day of the first month, lead a brown, cross the river, meet, March far away and worship the forest." My mother is the granddaughter of the top scholar Wang (the eldest daughter of Prime Minister Wang Jue), and she is very literate.

Li Qingzhao grew up in a family with a strong literary atmosphere. Influenced by family knowledge, wisdom and insight, she is gifted. Therefore, "Young people can support their predecessors by naming their poems" (Wang Zhuo's "Blue Phoenix Full of Tales") was once highly praised by Chao, a famous writer at that time and a great disciple of Su Shi. According to the volume of "Romantic Poems" edited by Zhu, Li Qingzhao is "good at writing, especially poetry, and Chao Wuxue calls her a scholar-bureaucrat". The forty-sixth volume of Shuo Lan quoted the Leisure Record of Ruiguitang as saying that she was "brilliant, knowledgeable and brilliant in modern times". In this volume, Zhu Yao's Zhou Ping Ketan praised her as "an ancient author with excellent poetry and prose".

As a teenager, Li Qingzhao lived in Bianjing with her father. The elegant living environment, especially the bustling scene of Kyoto, inspired Li Qingzhao's creative enthusiasm. In addition to writing poems, she also began to emerge in the ci world, and wrote a famous sentence "Like a Dream" which was widely read by later generations (last night, after the rain cleared, the wind blew suddenly). When this was said, it caused a sensation in the whole capital. "At that time, all the scribes applauded, and there was nothing to teach" (Collection outside Yaoshan Hall, Volume 54).

After reading the famous poem Ode to Zhongxing Monument, Li Qingzhao immediately wrote two amazing works, Ode to Wuxi Zhongxing and Ode to Zhang Wenqian Zhongxing. This poem comments on the rise and fall vertically and horizontally, summarizes the historical lessons of the rise and fall before and after the "An Shi Rebellion" in the Tang Dynasty, and warns the rulers of the Song Dynasty that "Xia Shang has a lesson from the past, and history is the present". A girl who is new here can express such deep concern and anxiety about the country, which can't help but impress the world. Therefore, in the Song Dynasty, Zhou Xuan's Qingbo Magazine thought that these two poems were written by women and by many people. What can a thoughtful person do? " Chen Hongxu's "Cold Night Record" in the Ming Dynasty commented on these two poems: "Extraordinary and brilliant, known as hump and forest chest."

Harp chord

Song Huizong Jianzhong was in the year of Jing Guoyuan (11kloc-0/), and Li Qingzhao was 18 years old. She married Zhao Mingcheng, a 2 1 year-old Taiwan Province student in Bianjing. According to Li Qingzhao's Preface to the Story of the Stone, "Yu Jianzhong is Zhao Jiaxin." At that time, Li Qingzhao's father was the foreign minister of does, and Zhao Mingcheng's father was the assistant minister of official department, both of whom were senior officials of the imperial court. Although Li Qingzhao and his wife are "children of your family", because "Zhao and Li are poor and thrifty", Zhao Mingcheng, who is studying in imperial academy, often goes to the pawnshop to order some clothes for a little money when he goes home to reunite with his wife on the first and fifteenth days of junior high school, and then steps into the lively Suoguo Temple market to buy back his favorite inscriptions and fruits, so the couple "exhibit and chew". Ancient and mysterious inscriptions lead them to distant historical times, giving them a unique cultural and artistic enjoyment, making them feel as if they were in carefree ancient times, thus "calling themselves Ge people".

In the last two years, Zhao Mingcheng entered the official career. Although she had an independent source of income, the couple still lived a very simple life, and set the goal of "travel far if you are poor, and make the best of the world". Although Zhao's book collection is quite rich, it is far from enough for Li Qingzhao and Zhao Mingcheng. So they tried their best to borrow rare books and cheats collected in the imperial palace through relatives and friends. "They tried their best to spread them, but they couldn't help themselves." Celebrity paintings and calligraphy, three generations of strange things, even at the expense of "stripping off the market." However, their strength is limited after all. On one occasion, someone took a peony painting by Xu Xi, a painter from the Southern Tang Dynasty, and asked for 20 Wan Wen. They stayed at home for two nights and couldn't put it down. However, there was no choice but to reluctantly return it to others. To this end, "the couple looked at each other for a few days." Married life, although poor, is quiet and harmonious, elegant and interesting, full of happiness and joy.

Unfortunately, the good times did not last long, and the fierce struggle between the old and new parties in the imperial court involved the Li family. In the second year after Li Qingzhao's marriage, that is, in July of the first year of Chongning (1 102), her father Li was listed as party member and was not allowed to work in Beijing. At that time, 17 people were listed as party member, and Li ranked fifth, so he was expelled from the Daoist Party. In September, I wrote a list of party member, carved stones and ended the ceremony. There were *** 120 people, and Li ranked 26th. In the same year, Tingzhi Zhao was promoted all the way. In June, he was promoted by Shang Shuyou Cheng, and in August, he was promoted by Shang Shucheng. In order to save his father's pain, Li Qingzhao wrote a poem about Tingzhi Zhao. In this regard, Zhang Taste said: "(Uncle Wen's daughter wrote a poem) Save the father's cloud:' What's more, the love between father and son in the world', and those who know it will mourn it." Chao also said: "(Female) has the name of a gifted scholar, her uncle and husband (pavilion) are here, and Li tasted the poem:' Hot hands can be cold'." ("County Zhai Du Zhi") Pity doesn't work. After being dismissed from office, Li had to take his family back to Mingshui as soon as possible.

Party struggles in the imperial court intensified, and Li was accused of being "Yuan You party member" and even blamed on Li Qingzhao. In September of the second year of Chongning (1 103), Geng Yin banned Yuan You Party children from living in Beijing; Xin Si, imperial edict: "Imperial clan shall not marry the descendants of traitors in Yuan You." (History of Song Dynasty, Volume 19, Biography of Huizong) Chongning for three years (1 104) "In summer and April, the children of party member in Shangshu Province, with or without officials, were ordered to live outside, and were not allowed to go to Quexia without authorization" (Volume 88 of Zi Zhi Tong Jian Continued) here.

The political situation is changeable and things are unpredictable. At the end of spring (1 105), Tingzhi Zhao began to recall the right servant of Shangshu and assistant minister of Zhongshu. In June, "(Because) and (Cai) fought for power in Beijing and committed adultery repeatedly, so please go to a place to avoid it", so they called for help (Biography of Tingzhi Zhao in Song Dynasty). Only after more than half a year, in the fifth year of Chongning (1 106), in February, Cai Jing went on strike and awarded the right servant of Shangshu and assistant minister of Zhongshu. At the same time, the imperial court destroyed the monument in party member, Yuan You, and then granted amnesty to the whole world and lifted the ban on all party member. Li et al. "sent the official department to share with the prison temple" (Volume 26 of "A Mirror for Continuing Capital Management"), and Li Qingzhao was able to return to Bianjing to reunite with Zhao Mingcheng. However, in the first month of the first year of Song Huizong Daguan (1 107), Cai Jing appeared again, and a ruthless political disaster fell on the Zhao family. In March, Tingzhi Zhao died five days after being shot by a right-handed servant. Three days after his death, he was framed by Cai Jing. Family members and relatives in Beijing were arrested and imprisoned. Because there were no facts, they were imprisoned in July and released soon after. However, the gift officer was chased away, and the son's shadow seal officer was lost, so it was difficult for the Zhao family to stay in the capital. Li Qingzhao had to follow Zhao's family back to his private house in Qingzhou and began to live in the village.

Li Qingzhao and Zhao Mingcheng settled in Qingzhou in the autumn of the first year of Song Huizong Daguan (1 107). The following year, 25-year-old Li Qingzhao ordered her room to be called "Guitang" and renamed it "Yi 'an Jushi".

Gui Tang is taken from Tao Yuanming's Gui Xi Ci. At that time, Chao and Li Qingzhao's father, who had strongly praised Li Qingzhao, resigned as party member and claimed to be "returning the son". Chao built the "Gui Lai Garden" in his hometown (now Jinxiang, Shandong Province), and the halls, pavilions and pavilions in the garden were all named after the words in Gui Lai Xi Ci (see Gui Zi Cheng Ju by Chao). Li Qingzhao and Zhao Mingcheng named their study "Huilaitang", which was based on their admiration and imitation of Chao Bu Zhi. There is a saying in "Come home to Xi Ci" that "lean on the south window proudly and judge your knees at ease". Obviously, it is named after "Yi Jushi", so we should also take its magnanimity. In The Return of the Native, although Li Qingzhao and Zhao Mingcheng lost their comfortable life in the former prime minister's office in Beijing, they gained infinite pleasure in living in the countryside. They support each other and study literature and academic creation; They scrimped and saved, searched for ancient inscriptions and spent a rare time in their lives. Li Qingzhao described this in more detail in the Preface to the Inscription:

Hou Ping has lived in the village for ten years, and he has no worries about food and clothing. Keep two counties in succession, exhaust their salaries and lead them first. Every book you get will be signed with * *, and the whole episode will be signed. Get a book, draw a picture, get an easy job, get a job, also play with books, criticize defects, and be a candle at night. Therefore, the paper is exquisite, the calligraphy and painting are complete, and the book collectors are the best.

Ancient city of qingzhou is the heart of ancient Qi, a country with ancient cultural sites, with huge historical sites and huge boulders. There are many ancient artifacts in the three generations, sometimes unearthed. Mr. and Mrs. Zhao Mingcheng collected a large number of stone carvings in the local area, such as the Zhang Lie tablet in the Eastern Wei Dynasty, the Linhuai King tablet in the Northern Qi Dynasty, and the Dayun Temple tablet in the Tang Dynasty written by Li Yong. The ancient halberd of the Ming Dynasty was unearthed in Yidu, and the ancient dragons and nobles unearthed on the bank of Changle Dan became their treasures one after another.

In the fourth year of Zheng He (1 1 14), in the new autumn, Zhao Mingcheng wrote a photo of Yi 'an laity at the age of thirty-one, saying, "Beautiful words, dignified products, belonging to Xi, which is really worth hiding. Politics and Wu Jia Xinqiu, German father is returning to the hall. " (The portrait of Yi 'an layman and the inscription of Zhao Mingcheng are judged to be false by many people. However, according to the article "A Precious Material about Zhao Mingcheng and Li Qingzhao" published by Wu Jindi in the second issue of Journal of Shanghai Normal University (1987), the Zhao Mingcheng ink of Ouyang Xiu in Shanghai Museum is very similar to the inscription ink of the portrait. Accordingly, this paper thinks that the inscription in the portrait was written by Zhao Mingcheng. )

In the seventh year of Zheng He (117), with the help of Li Qingzhao, Zhao Mingcheng basically completed the writing of Jin Shilu. In addition to the self-made preface, Liu Gang, a famous scholar at that time, was specially invited to make a preface. According to historical records, Zhao Mingcheng wrote Jin Shilu and Li Qingzhao "cut it" (on Zhang's Return).

Song Huizong was in Xuanhe for three years (1 12 1 year), and Li Qingzhao was 38 years old. Still in Qingzhou in spring and summer. On April 25th and 26th, Zhao Mingcheng visited water curtain cave, Tian Yang, and carved words on the stone wall in the cave. I will know Laizhou soon. Li Qingzhao didn't go with her peers at the beginning. It was not until autumn and August that Qingzhao went to Laizhou from Qingzhou. Passing Changle, I stayed at the post office and wrote "Seeing off my sisters in Changle Hall when Hua Lian died" to express my farewell to my sisters in Qingzhou. On August 10th, Qingzhao arrived in Laizhou and wrote another song "Feeling". There is a preface before the poem: "Xuan He Xin Chou arrived in Lai on August 10th, sitting alone in a room, and what he saw all his life was out of sight. A few polite rhymes, because the letter is opened by hand, and the poem is based on rhyme. I even got the word' Zi' because I thought it was rhyme and made a sentimental poem. "

During her stay in Laizhou, Li Qingzhao continued to help Zhao Mingcheng compile the Records of the Golden Stone. "When I first installed it, I signed a light green ribbon, which was made up of ten volumes. More scattered every night, you need to sort out two volumes, with a postscript to the preface to epigraphy.

In the seventh year of Xuanhe (1 125), Li Qingzhao was 42 years old. Zhao Mingcheng changed to Zizhou. Zhao Mingcheng won the Leng Yan Classic by Bai Juyi and Li Qingzhao in Tang Dynasty.

In the first year of Song Qinzong Jingkang (1 126), Li Qingzhao was 43 years old and still lived in Zizhou with Zhao Mingcheng. That year, Zhao Mingcheng changed his official position because he suppressed the trouble of local deserters.

run away from home

In the second year of Song Qinzong Jingkang, the first year of Emperor Gaozong Jianyan (1 127), Li Qingzhao was 44 years old. The Jin people invaded the south on a large scale, and captured Song Huizong and Qin Zong's father and son to the north, which is known as the "Jingkang Change" in history, and the court in the Northern Song Dynasty collapsed. In May, Zhao Gou, Kang Wang, was stationed in Tianfu, Nanjing (now Shangqiu, Henan Province) and rebuilt Yan, which began in the Southern Song Dynasty and became Emperor Gaozong. In March of that year, Zhao Mingcheng went south to attend the funeral because his mother died in Jiangning (now Nanjing). In August, I met jiangning house, who was appointed as the agreement of Jiangdong Economic System. As the situation in the north became more and more tense, Li Qingzhao began to sort out and select the collections, and prepared to go south: "Since the long things can't be exhausted, we should first go to the major printed books, then to those who painted more, and then to those who knew nothing about ancient artifacts. Later, he went to supervise the book, painting is average, and the instrument is important. After repeated deduction, there are still fifteen cars carrying books to the East China Sea, crossing the Huaihe River and crossing the river to Jiankang. " In December, Qingzhou mutiny, the county magistrate was killed, and more than Qingzhou books were burned. (Li Qingzhao once recorded this in the preface to the Story of the Stone: "Qingzhou is the first place, and there are more than ten books to be locked, and then they are carried by boat. In December, Jin people were trapped in Qingzhou. " The words here should be wrong because they are copied or copied. The historical fact should be "Qingzhou mutiny". )

When Li Qingzhao escorted 15 wagon bookshelves to Zhenjiang, Zhang was arrested in Zhenjiang House and took charge of Zhenjiang Minister Qian Abandoned City (Zi Zhi Tong Jian 10 1), but Li Qingzhao, with his great wisdom and courage, made a suggestion in the spring of the second year (1 128).

After Li Qingzhao arrived in Jiangning, she went to the city to look for poetry every snowy day. There is a cloud in Volume 8 of Zhouyi Qingbo Magazine: "Yi 'an people say that on the day of Ming Cheng's health, Yi 'an is worth a heavy snow every day, that is, wearing a hat and looking for poetry in the city." If you get a word, you must ask your husband to make peace. You should be sincere and bitter. The Compromise and Surrender faction headed by Song Gaozong refused to go north to the Central Plains on the pretext that the situation was critical, and blindly sought peace. Li Qingzhao was very dissatisfied and wrote many satirical poems. She once said, "It's too cold to come to Wujiang in the south and too cold to go to Xiaoshui in the north", and "It's news that Wang Dao is in rags in the south and Liu Kun in the north".

In February (1 129), Zhao Mingcheng left Jiangning and fled the city alone. In March, he and Li Qingzhao "took a boat to Wuhu, entered their period, and lived on the water in Jiangxi" ("Preface to Jinshi"). After crossing the Wujiang River, Chu committed suicide and wrote "Summer quatrains" in memory of Xiang Yu. Taking Xiang Yu's heroic historical records that he would rather die than surrender and cited Wujiang River to thank his elders in Jiangdong as an example, this paper satirizes the rulers of the Southern Song Dynasty. In May, to Chiyang (now Guichi, Anhui Province), Zhao Mingcheng was the year of Huzhou. Li Qingzhao recalled in the Preface to the Inscription that Zhao Mingcheng would "go to the temple through the door". So he stayed at Chiyang's home and made a phone call alone. On June 13, I began to carry a heavy load. I got off the boat and sat on the shore, covered with a towel. I was as energetic as a tiger, and my eyes were rotten. I looked at the boat and said goodbye. I was so disgusted that I shouted,' What if there is a rumor that the city is in an emergency?' Ji replied from a distance:' Follow the crowd. If you have to, you must first abandon the trench, followed by clothes and quilts, second books and second antiques. The only so-called sacristy can hold it by itself and live and die together. Don't forget them. "I rushed to the horse." Unfortunately, due to illness on the way, Zhao Mingcheng died in Jiankang on August 18.

After Zhao Mingcheng's death, Li Qingzhao offered it as a literary sacrifice, saying, "The sun is in the sky, sighing that Pang Weng is agile; The city is self-defeating, and the woman's sorrow is deep. " (Thanks to "Talking about Harriers in April and June", Volume 1) After Zhao Mingcheng was buried, Li Qingzhao was seriously ill. At that time, the country was in an emergency, and Zhao Mingcheng's eldest sister-in-law, Li Zhuo, was appointed as assistant minister of the Ministry of War, the Empress Wei from Hongzhou (now Nanchang, Jiangxi). In order to preserve the cultural relics and books left by Zhao Mingcheng, Li Qingzhao sent someone to deliver his luggage. Unexpectedly, in November of that year, the Jin people were trapped in Hongzhou, and the so-called book of crossing the river was scattered into clouds. Li Qingzhao had to flee south with a small amount of light books and posts. Later, Li Qingzhao went to Yi's younger brother, Li Wei, who was appointed as the current bureau official. At this time, there was a secret talk about Zhao Mingcheng, and there was a so-called "grant of money". Li Qingzhao was forced to follow the emperor with all the bronzes and other things, hoping to throw them into the court. Most of the remaining cultural relics were lost in the drift from place to place.

In the spring of four years (1 130), Li Qingzhao followed the emperor's footsteps and moved to eastern Zhejiang. "To Taiwan, keep has dun. He left the land, abandoned his clothes and was taken away from Huangyan. He hired a boat to go to sea and ran to North Korea. When he was stationed in Zhang' an, the temperature from the imperial ship was higher. " In September, with the support of Jin people, the pseudo-Qi regime was established. Li Qingzhao said in a poem: "Han Cheng Shao, the new room is like a wart. Therefore, it is scattered in the middle, thin and cloudy until death. " 1 1 month, the court released 100 officials, and Li Qingzhao arrived in Quzhou.

In March of the first year of Shaoxing (1 13 1), Li Qingzhao went to Vietnam (now Shaoxing, Zhejiang) and lived in Zhong's home. Her paintings and calligraphy were stolen overnight. She was heartbroken and regained her reward and redemption. At this point, most books and cultural relics have been lost.

In the second year of Shaoxing (1 132), Li Qingzhao arrived in Hangzhou. The great pain brought by the disappearance of books and cultural relics and the ruthless torture given by wandering and fleeing life made Li Qingzhao fall into a desperate situation of pain. Lonely and helpless, marry Zhang Ruzhou again. Zhang Ruzhou has coveted her precious collection for a long time. After getting married, Li Qingzhao found that she didn't have much property at home. When she was disappointed, she kept quarreling, then swearing and even kicking. Zhang Ruzhou's barbaric behavior made Li Qingzhao unbearable. Later, it was discovered that Zhang Ruzhou was also guilty of graft and false reporting of official positions. Li Qingzhao reported Zhang Ruzhou to the authorities and asked for a divorce. After investigation, Zhang Ruzhou was transferred from Liuzhou. Although Li Qingzhao was granted a divorce, the law of the Song Dynasty stipulated that a wife should be sentenced to two years in prison for suing her husband. [16]? So, it is also trapped. After being rescued by relatives and friends such as Qin Chongli, a bachelor of Hanlin, he was released after being detained for 9 days. (Later scholars are quite controversial about Li Qingzhao's remarriage to Zhang Ruzhou. )

Although she experienced the disaster of remarriage and divorce, Li Qingzhao's will to survive was not depressed, and her enthusiasm for poetry creation was even higher. After she got rid of her personal pain, she turned her attention to national affairs. In the third year of Shaoxing (1 133), in May, the court sent Han Xiaoyan, the Privy Council, and Hu Songnian, the minister of the Ministry of Industry, to the Jin Dynasty. Li Qingzhao wrote an ancient poem and a metrical poem with passion to see the two gentlemen off. There is a line in the poem, "I want to send blood and tears to the mountains and rivers and sprinkle a mound of land on Dongshan", which expresses my strong desire to fight back against aggression and recover lost land, and is full of feelings of caring for the motherland.

In the fourth year of Shaoxing (1 134), Li Qingzhao completed the writing of the preface to the record of the golden stone. In October, in order to avoid the chaos in Jinhua, it was written as "Ma Tu" and "Preface", and it was also written as "Ma Tu". Although it is a game text, it involves current events. By talking about games, he quoted a large number of allusions about war horses and magnificent actions to eliminate evil and kill the enemy in history, warmly praised the wisdom and courage of loyal generals such as Huan Wen and Xie An, alluded to the mediocrity and incompetence of the rulers of the Southern Song Dynasty, and expressed his personal feelings of "dying as a martyr".

During her stay in Jinhua, Li Qingzhao also wrote the poem Wuling Chun, lamenting the tragic life experience of wandering and expressing her grief over the destruction of the country and the separation of her wife and children. He also wrote a poem called Eight Chants Upstairs, lamenting the depression of the Song Dynasty and the difficulty of defending the country. His phrase "the country stays behind, and future generations worry" can be called a swan song.

In the 13th year of Shaoxing (1 143), Li Qingzhao sorted out Zhao Mingcheng's posthumous work "The Record of the Stone" and presented it to North Korea. More than ten years later, about twenty-five years in Shaoxing (1 155), Li Qingzhao quietly passed away in extreme loneliness and desolation, with persistent yearning for her dead relatives and infinite melancholy for her hometown.