Research on Safety Management of Urban Rail Transit
As one of the important links of urban rail transit operation, the effective improvement of urban rail transit transportation safety management quality can not only fully protect the personal safety of the public and ensure the safety of people's travel, but also effectively deal with rail transit emergencies and minimize operational risks. This paper briefly analyzes the factors that affect the transportation safety of urban rail transit, and puts forward some strategies to improve transportation safety management for reference.
Keywords: rail transit; Transportation safety management; promotion policy
China Library Classification Number: U2 13 Document Identification Number: A.
With the continuous improvement of China's economic level and the rapid growth of urban population, the development of urban rail transit has become the choice of most high-density cities. With the decentralization of urban rail transit examination and approval authority in the State Council, the enthusiasm for rail transit construction in all parts of the country is unprecedented. However, with the continuous increase of rail transit construction, it has brought about safety problems such as lack of operating talents and residents' serious lack of understanding of rail transit safety. The screen door of Beijing Metro Line 5 was stuck, and the 7.23 bullet train rear-end accident in Shanghai Metro all sounded the alarm for the safe operation of the subway. Therefore, actively improving the quality of urban rail transit transportation safety management is the sublimation of people-oriented concept and the principle requirement of adhering to safe development, which not only helps to display the image of the city window and promote corporate social responsibility, but also reflects the high attention to passenger safety. Therefore, the research on transportation safety management of urban rail transit is of great practical significance for promoting the stability and long-term development of urban rail transit construction in China.
First, the analysis of the influencing factors of urban rail transit transportation safety
Combined with the current situation of urban rail transit safety management in China and the common safety problems, it is not difficult to find that people, cars, lines and other related equipment, external factors and management factors are the main factors that directly affect the safety of urban rail transit. The specific analysis is as follows:
I. Personnel
Employees: People are the controlling factor of the safety of rail transit operation, especially in key positions such as traffic command and train driving. Due to the paralysis of people's safety awareness, unsafe behavior, illegal command and operation, all kinds of safety accidents may occur directly.
Passenger: Lack of safe riding knowledge and self-help ability.
Second, the equipment
A) vehicles. The major hazards of vehicle system include mechanical failure, electrical failure, brake failure, door failure and other major components damage, system control disorder, man-made destruction and other factors, which may lead to accidents such as train derailment, train fire, train conflict, and may lead to secondary disasters such as crowding and trampling.
B) line system. The major hazards of the line system include train delay, speed limit and parking. It is caused by track fracture, track expansion and deformation, switch damage, ballast bed disease, etc. In serious cases, it may cause accidents such as train derailment.
C) power supply system. The major hazards of power supply system include traction power supply, catenary, power supply system failure, large-scale power outage, operation interruption, fire and so on.
Communication signal system. The main hazards of communication signal system include wayside ATP or on-board ATP fault, switch control fault, signal interlocking system fault and interruption of dispatching command system, which may lead to train conflict, out-of-control operation command and chaotic operation order.
Third, the environment
E) natural environment. The main hazards in the natural environment include bad weather, floods and earthquakes. , may lead to shutdown, equipment failure, structural deformation, infrastructure damage, etc.
B) operating environment. The space of subway vehicles and stations is relatively closed, narrow, crowded and mobile. When all kinds of emergencies happen, the situation spreads quickly, the degree of danger is high, and it is difficult to evacuate people and control the scene.
C) social environment. The main hazards of the social environment include unsafe waiting and riding behaviors of passengers, man-made sabotage and terrorist attacks, which may lead to damage to operating equipment, interruption of operation and passenger casualties.
Fourth, management.
The risk sources of management are the lack of management system, managers' illegal command, inadequate management and unreasonable disposal, which affect the safety of operations and personnel, equipment and facilities.
Second, the urban rail transit safety management promotion strategy
After careful analysis and full understanding of the main factors affecting the safety of urban rail transit in China, urban rail transit workers should persist in exploration, continuous practice and actively adopt strategies to effectively improve the quality of traffic safety management. Combined with years of practical experience, the author believes that rail transit should adhere to? Safety first, prevention first and comprehensive treatment? Work philosophy, and strive to do the following work:
(a) to lay a solid foundation for safety, establish a safety system and establish a sense of safety.
Give priority to education and training, supplemented by rewards and punishments? One side and two wings? Strategy to carry out safety management, mainly to carry out the following work:
Consolidating the safety foundation is mainly reflected in the following aspects: first, improving the safety management network, establishing a three-level safety management network with decision-making layer, management layer (supervision layer) and execution layer, and providing full-time and part-time safety management personnel to meet the requirements of operational safety management; The second is to standardize safety management and be strict? Safety must be managed in production? Principles, implement the signing of safety responsibility letters at all levels, organize safety education, safety inspection, safety regular meetings and other activities on a regular basis, and fully implement process control; Third, attach importance to the construction of safety grass-roots units, establish personal safety education files for employees, organize all employees to learn with the help of industry accident cases, and enhance safety awareness and skills; Fourth, improve the safety management system, and formulate the corresponding safety production management system and emergency plan according to the characteristics of industries and enterprises.
The main tasks of establishing a safety system are: first, actively carry out hazard identification and evaluation, start hazard management and control systems and safety risk management systems, and standardize on-site hazard management and control; Second, promote the construction of occupational health system and environmental system, identify and collect relevant laws, regulations and standards, do a good job in inspection and testing according to the requirements of specifications, and invite industry experts to guide the occupational health and environmental system. Three bids? System audit work.
The work of establishing safety awareness is mainly to establish the safety awareness of all employees through organizing and carrying out various safety activities. 1. Organize accident handling, fault analysis and on-site drills? Three, look back? Activities organized on a regular basis in view of problems existing in operational accidents and emergency drills? Look back? Activities, find out the problems and shortcomings of rules and regulations, personnel skills, equipment and facilities, and implement corrective measures in time; The second is to fully implement the three-level safety management training, and those who fail the three-level safety education are not allowed to take up their posts; The third is to conduct immediate safety education activities at any time, anywhere and with people, urge employees to carry out on-site business skills training, and strengthen employees' safety awareness by organizing pre-shift safety anticipation and weekly/monthly safety meetings; Fourth, strengthen safety performance management and punish those who violate the rules in strict accordance with the relevant reward and punishment system.
(2) Strengthen the training of security team and improve the ability of safety management.
According to the current enterprise safety management mode, a new generation of rail transit safety management personnel who know both safety management and on-site production are needed on site. Enterprises should actively follow the requirements of the "Safety Production Law", formulate the access mechanism and incentive mechanism for safety management personnel, and effectively improve the access threshold for safety management. Measures can be taken to support safety management personnel to obtain the corresponding professional qualification certificate (registered safety engineer), and through innovating the management form of safety line team training, go out and invite in, strengthen the training of safety line team, and broaden the vision of safety management. At the same time, we can strengthen the business skills training of workshop and team-level safety management personnel, innovate safety training materials, improve training methods, and organize interactive activities such as special seminars, experience seminars and on-site observation across departments and disciplines to improve the training effect.
(two) to strengthen passenger safety education, improve passenger emergency self-help ability.
In real life, passengers' poor safety awareness often leads to accidents. For example, a passenger rushed to the subway after the alarm sounded, causing serious injuries; Another example is the tragedy of passengers riding too crowded during rush hours and stepping on people. Based on this, we must insist on strengthening passenger safety education and publicity of safe riding, so as to promote the effective cultivation of safe riding awareness. For example, passengers' sensory awareness can be enhanced by continuously playing promotional videos about safe riding and posting eye-catching and easy-to-understand safety signs in the platform lobby. Strengthen the interaction between passengers and rail transit staff by constantly carrying out colorful safety activities such as entering the community and entering the campus; Help passengers answer questions and listen to their suggestions on subway safety management through on-site activities of safe riding; Strengthen the understanding of rail transit enterprises by inviting passengers to visit rail transit equipment and facilities; By inviting passengers to participate in emergency drills, you can experience how to deal with emergencies; Can also be employed among passengers? Security messenger? Volunteers help rail transit operators expand the publicity of passengers' safe riding.
(3) Improve the emergency management system and enhance the emergency response capability.
A perfect emergency plan and the staff's emergency handling ability are important guarantees for the timely, correct and proper handling of rail transit accidents. Around? Prevention, preparedness, response and recovery? The core of the work is that rail transit operating enterprises should establish and improve the emergency system of rail transit operation, strengthen emergency training, continuously strengthen the construction of emergency teams on the basis of improving emergency plans, and improve emergency management capabilities by organizing emergency drills at all levels, so that the emergency level of enterprises can be steadily improved.
First of all, carefully organize the investigation and risk analysis of dangerous sources. On the basis of risk factor analysis and accident hidden trouble investigation and treatment, determine the hazard source, possible accident types and consequences, conduct accident risk analysis, point out possible secondary and derivative accidents, and form an analysis report. Take the analysis results as the basis for the preparation of emergency plans, and carefully formulate practical emergency plans for unexpected accidents.
Secondly, combined with the actual needs of accident (incident) on-site disposal, set up full-time rescue teams such as catenary/high voltage, vehicle derailment/overturning, communication or signal, track, etc. , to ensure the stability of the team, improve the management system, regular training, to ensure the ability of emergency rescue.
Equipment and materials such as emergency disposal equipment, equipment and communication tools shall be provided as required, and inspection, maintenance and cleaning systems for emergency materials and equipment shall be formulated, which shall be managed by fixed personnel to ensure that emergency rescue materials and equipment are complete and effective every day.
Strengthen emergency drills and improve actual combat capability. In order to improve the organization and coordination ability of emergency commanders and the actual combat ability of emergency teams, we should pay attention to the evaluation and summary of drill effect, popularize good experience and rectify existing problems in time.
(4) Continuously improve the level of technical equipment.
In the process of urban rail transit safety management, actively introducing advanced technology and equipment can effectively improve the safety and normality of related equipment operation and significantly reduce the probability of emergencies, accidents and failures. The specific application is shown in Table 2.
Table 2 Application of Advanced Technology in Urban Rail Transit Safety Management
Third, the conclusion
In short, with the continuous advancement of urbanization and the continuous expansion of urban rail transit construction scale in China, safe transportation management will play an increasingly important role in urban rail transit operation. In order to fully ensure traffic safety and personal safety, the majority of rail transit builders should actively seek effective strategies to improve the quality of urban rail transit safety transportation management, thus promoting the healthy, stable and sustainable development of urban rail transit in China.
refer to
Chen Yan. Discussion on Emergency Management Framework of Fuzhou Urban Rail Transit [J], Science and Technology Vision, 20 14(22).
[2] Han. Study on Safe Transportation of Urban Rail Transit Based on Road Network [J], Science and Technology Communication, 20 13(22).
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