read extensively
Extensive reading is one of the basic skills to cultivate children's Chinese literacy, and it can even be said that reading is the basis of Chinese learning. A lot of extracurricular reading is an irreplaceable means to improve children's Chinese level.
Klassen, an American psychologist, has done a psychological experimental study, which shows that students' interesting extracurricular reading plays a much greater role in improving their writing ability than mechanical writing training.
Almost all children with good Chinese scores like extracurricular books. These children often have a lot of accumulation: the accumulation of words, the accumulation of materials, the accumulation of emotions and so on.
Such children often have outstanding thoughts and magical words in writing, outstanding opinions in reading comprehension, and superior knowledge in speaking. In short, they are well-informed and have a solid foundation in Chinese.
According to the age characteristics of children, in the lower grades, we recommend them to read some folk stories, fairy tales, fables and so on. Middle and senior grades recommend children's literature, essays, newspapers and magazines, science fiction comics, historical masterpieces, literary masterpieces, biographies of celebrities and other books with different types and contents, remove all kinds of artificial restrictions, and let children choose different kinds of books according to their own interests and needs, so as to learn the required nutrition.
Understanding ability is a kind of Chinese accomplishment, which is not as easy to form as memory ability, and needs patience and long-term accumulation.
Persisting in reading is an effective way to cultivate understanding ability. In particular, reading more beautiful and ambitious essays is very helpful to improve understanding ability, such as Complete Works of Lu Xun and Reader magazine, which is very helpful to cultivate these abilities and qualities.
Extensive reading is not only one of the basic skills of children's Chinese literacy, but also an important condition for children to become talents. Because rich knowledge is an indispensable condition for creativity, and it is also one of the ways to increase knowledge and source wisdom.
There is one thing to emphasize here:
In the process of growing up, children must not stay away from famous works, and training children to read classic works should be guided from an early age and step by step.
For example, in primary school, children can read comic books adapted from famous books, and in senior primary school, children can read simplified versions of some famous books specially for children.
When you enter junior high school, you must contact the original. We suggest that a child should read at least 500 extra-curricular books from primary school to high school graduation, and it is better to read at least 1000.
Contains more than 100 biographies of people from all walks of life, laying the foundation for children's outlook on life, values and world outlook. At the same time, we should pay attention not only to reading, but also to writing reading notes or book reviews.
Recite classics
Reciting classic articles, famous sayings and good sentences is also one of the basic skills to cultivate children's Chinese literacy. If the children who graduated from middle school can recite 150 ancient and modern poems, 25 vernacular poems, 40 exquisite classical Chinese (300 words each), 10 exquisite modern vernacular Chinese (800 to 1000 words each), more than 200 ancient and modern Chinese and foreign aphorisms.
Then, his knowledge of Chinese should be good. If children are allowed to remember a lot of language essence before the golden time of memory-16 years old, then this child has laid a solid Chinese foundation since childhood.
If we can't guide children to the vastness of reading in the "Children's Merit" season when they are reading and reciting, and let them have a dialogue with history, noble communication and wisdom in the book, so as to lay a solid and heavy foundation for literary literacy and humanistic literacy, it will be difficult for children to become noble, civilized and creative modern people in the future.
Get into the habit of keeping a diary
Diary can cultivate children's observation ability, thinking ability, analysis and discrimination ability, enhance children's self-discipline, improve children's writing ability and self-reflection ability, and more importantly, hone children's willpower and accumulate composition materials.
The benefits of keeping a diary greatly exceed the imagination of educators. Develop the habit of keeping a diary step by step. At first, you can write shorter sentences, one or two sentences a day, three or five lines a day, and gradually improve your growth.
The content is also eclectic, and everything can be written, imagined, realistic, domestic and foreign, from astronomy to geography, from national events to trivial matters, and so on. You must remember everything you hear, everything you do, everything you see and everything you feel.
But there must be no phenomenon of fishing for three days and drying the net for two days. It's ridiculous and unconventional to write even a sentence or two, but it must be written to form a habit. If it is terminated, all previous efforts will be in vain.
Go beyond the classroom and enter social life
Let the children know that the classroom is small and the world is big. Chinese learning should be in the classroom, but it can never be learned by classroom alone. Life is also a classroom for Chinese learning. Chinese learning should also guide children to open their surprised eyes and face the world and colorful life scenes, and carry out colorful Chinese practice activities in the vast world.
Visit bookstores, travel, watch exhibitions, do interviews, do surveys, and watch focus interviews; Discuss the distribution of laid-off workers, western development, corruption and vulgar culture ...
Let children know that we live in a colorful world, a wonderful nature and a changeable information society, and feel the love and hate, beauty and ugliness in the world.
Write a good composition
Writing needs spirituality, creativity and independent thinking ability. Schools all over the world attach great importance to cultivating students' writing interest and writing ability. For example, in the United States, writing is a compulsory course for children from primary school to doctoral graduation.
So how can I write a good composition? We make the following suggestions:
1, write if you can.
My mouth expresses my heart. I write my mouth by hand, which can dispel children's sense of distance and fear of writing. Say it is "word" and write it on paper is "text". How to think, say and write; Adults have adults' ideas and opinions, children have children's ideas and opinions, and different people have their own ideas and opinions, so everyone writes different articles, which is the secret of writing.
2. Let children write in their own language.
The so-called composition is to let sincere thoughts and feelings flow from the deep heart. Write as you like, without too many constraints and restrictions, without too many standards, and without imposing on adults what they think is more "meaningful" and "valuable". What is needed most is tolerance.
Being loyal to your heart and life is the first key to open the door to composition. We should use more short sentences, more vernacular, more concrete examples, less general sentences and more descriptive language. Be a straight man and write a song.
3. Imitate innovation
Humans can learn quickly through imitation. Children, in particular, are very good at learning through imitation. If imitation is not allowed, they will definitely struggle.
At first, the so-called copying can be based on remembering the structure of others, just like stealing a few tricks. Of course, copying "structure" means learning moves and stealing primary skills. Copy "conception" and "angle", learn formulas, and steal intermediate achievement methods.
Copying other people's "way of thinking" means learning the essence and stealing advanced skills. There should be innovation in imitation, and children should be taught to think like masters. Like a master, it is not difficult, as long as the attitude towards life is not whitewashed and melodramatic, you can honestly express, appreciate, comprehend and analyze life, especially the life you are most familiar with and interested in.
Let children learn to organize and write down their own observations and ideas. Look, think, write, reciprocate, spiral, rise. Over time, there will be both life and thought, and thought can drive the conception and expression of life.
4. Give children the opportunity to show and be recognized.
Hong Hu is the editor of a newspaper in Beijing. He asked his neighbor, sophomore Wu Fei, for a manuscript. I didn't expect Wu Fei's "poor composition in the class", but because of the lack of manuscripts, I persuaded Wu Fei to write for three days. After his "polishing", the article was published, and the manuscript fee was calculated. 1600-word article * * * got 25 yuan's contribution fee. He felt that no matter what Wu Fei wrote, after all, it took three days, and 25 yuan's manuscript fee was too little, so he posted 15 yuan himself and sent it to Wu Fei in 40 yuan's integer. Who knows that since then, Wu Fei is like a clockwork machine, writing hard, not only an excellent writer, but also passed the Chinese Department of Peking University with a total score of 674 in the college entrance examination in 2002.
The reason why children don't like writing is not because they don't write well, but because educators lack a tolerant heart, a heart to discover Excellence, and a heart to encourage and appreciate! They often "only pay attention to students' compositions, but ignore students who write them." "
In a sense, educators should not focus on "instructing" children how to write compositions, but should study how to give them opportunities to show and be recognized, that is, how to "publish" these compositions. "Publishing" is in a broad sense. Even for public reading, Making Excellent Essays and Internal Publishing are publications.
"Publication"-giving children the opportunity to show and be recognized is the strongest motivation. As long as the composition is published once, it will change children's attitude towards the composition from now on. Continuous creative enthusiasm and inspiration are largely operated by "publishing".
5. Practice more and change more.
Ba Jin said, "Only by writing can you write a good article." Lu Xun said: "Good articles are revised." Revision is the last step in writing a composition, which is very important. Tolstoy's book Resurrection has been revised six times.
6. Material accumulation
Through observation, investigation, interview, surfing the Internet, reading, thinking and other ways, guide and urge children to collect materials in life.
Life is the source of writing, let children experience life more. The secret of writing success lies in writing familiar things, specific things, things that move you, things you like, things you have experienced and tried to practice. Reading is the basis of writing.
Read more famous sayings and appreciate more famous articles to accumulate, which is fundamental. The accumulation of composition materials can be summarized as the following three points: A observation, B reading and C experience.
7. Observe life more and experience life.
Read thousands of books, take Wan Li Road, and do ten thousand things. To sum up, to write a good composition, we should do the following four things:
A. enriching your life while playing has proved that people who can play are often easy to succeed. Many important inventions in the history of science are related to play. Edison, who loved to play with bottles and cans, became a great inventor, and Nobel, who had been playing with explosives all his life, became a great chemist. As for those writers and great poets, it seems that they are all travelers, traveling around and writing exquisite essays and travel notes. Therefore, the first secret of writing a good composition-play. It's much better to have fun than to stay indoors.
B, enrich your emotions in reading. Stand side by side with white jade and learn from each other. There are no bad children who love reading. Therefore, the second secret of writing a good composition-read more books. The combination of intensive reading and extensive reading, the combination of depth and breadth, turn what others know into what they know, enrich their minds and enrich their emotions.
C. thinking stimulates creative inspiration. Mr. Lu Xun once said: "Reading blindly has become a bookcase." This is what Confucius warned us: "Learning without thinking is useless". Only by thinking deeply after experiencing and reading can we constantly stimulate our creative inspiration and fill ourselves with ideas. Therefore, the third secret of writing a good composition-thinking.
D, write and express your feelings. A good brain is better than a bad pen. Tang Biao in the Qing Dynasty wrote that "making more articles can make people good at it", in which he calmly emphasized the beauty of making more articles: "Reading more depends on people's efforts, and doing more depends on their own hardships, and its benefits are far from enough." It can be seen that only by writing more and recording the dribs and drabs in life can we exercise our good expression ability.