? I. Electronic commerce:

? E-commerce major is a new interdisciplinary subject integrating computer science, marketing, management, law and modern logistics. Cultivate innovative compound electronic commerce senior professionals who master the basic theories and knowledge of computer information technology, marketing, international trade, management, law and modern logistics, have the ability to carry out business activities by using the network, and use computer information technology and modern logistics means to improve enterprise management methods and improve enterprise management level.

Edit this paragraph introduction:

From the literal meaning of English, e-commerce is a way to engage in various commercial activities by using advanced electronic technology. The essence of e-commerce should be a complete network business operation management information system. More specifically, it is a way to conduct various business activities by using the existing computer hardware equipment, software and network infrastructure through an electronic network environment connected by certain protocols. This is a strict definition. To put it bluntly, e-commerce generally refers to a way of using the Internet to conduct business activities, such as online marketing, online customer service, online advertising, online surveys and so on. E-commerce E-commerce on the Internet can be divided into three aspects: information service, transaction and payment. The main contents include: e-commerce advertising; Electronic purchase and exchange of transactions and electronic transaction vouchers; Electronic payment settlement and after-sales online service. The main types of transactions are business-to-person transactions (B-to-C mode) and business-to-business transactions (B-to-B mode). There are four subjects involved in e-commerce: customers (individual consumers or enterprise groups), merchants (including vendors, manufacturers, storage and transportation companies), banks (including issuers and acquirers) and certification centers.

E-commerce usually refers to a new business operation mode in which buyers and sellers conduct various business activities without meeting each other in a wide range of business and trade activities around the world under the open network environment of the Internet, and realize online shopping for consumers, online trading for merchants and online electronic payment, as well as various business activities, trading activities, financial activities and related comprehensive service activities. E-commerce is a business activity using microcomputer technology and network communication technology. Governments, scholars and business people in various countries have given many different definitions according to their respective positions and different angles and degrees of participation in e-commerce.

professional field

This major has six major directions: website design and program direction, online marketing editing direction, online product planning direction, enterprise informationization, personal online entrepreneurship and bank card research and development direction. E-commerce majors need different courses in different universities. Some universities pay attention to e-commerce network technology and computer technology, while others will pay attention to business model. These are mainly reflected in the departments where this major is located, some in the school of management, some in the school of information science and technology, and some in the school of software. In this way, the specialties of students trained by various institutions will be different.

main course

Computer network principle, introduction to e-commerce, network marketing practice, introduction to e-commerce, international trade, e-commerce letter writing, e-commerce marketing writing practice, marketing planning, webpage, color matching, webpage design, data structure, Photoshop, Adobe Dreamweaver, html, Java language, web standards and website reconstruction, FlashAction script animation design, UI design, E-commerce website construction, e-commerce management practice, ERP and customer relationship management, e-commerce logistics management, consumer psychology, e-commerce experiment, network entrepreneurship, e-commerce English, news gathering, writing and basic skills mobile commerce, enterprise informatization, e-commerce system design, advertising planning, e-commerce and logistics, Photoshop photo processing technology, Access database, marketing, enterprise operation and management, Network consumer psychology, Illustrator, illustration creation skill foundation, Web development technology, RIA application development, data warehouse and mining, Workeflow, server management, database application, e-commerce and international trade, network marketing foundation and practice, exhibition marketing, e-mail marketing, telephone English, foreign trade oral practice, e-commerce international trade course design, network marketing course design, publishing proofreading training, and introduction to e-commerce.

Edit the development review of this paragraph.

E-commerce education in China can be traced back to 1998, which started almost at the same time as Carnegie Mellon University in the United States. Its development process has gone through three stages: experimental period, normative period and vigorous development period.

probation period

The early e-commerce education in China was accompanied by the continuous research of a group of e-commerce professionals. By offering related courses in the form of public elective courses and professional elective courses in various schools, a few schools have also offered e-commerce courses or e-commerce courses (even e-commerce graduate courses) in the senior years of undergraduate courses. That is to say, several colleges and universities transfer a group of students from the third or fourth grades of related majors to study in the direction of e-commerce, which is the so-called "2+2" (Xi Jiaotong University selects and trains undergraduates in the direction of e-commerce from 1998) and "3+ 1" (Shantou University trains undergraduates in the direction of e-commerce in the fourth grade). Huaqiao University 1999 began to recruit e-commerce students.

Normative period

In order to meet the market demand and make the training of e-commerce professionals standardized and large-scale, People's Republic of China (PRC) Ministry of Education approved it in two batches at the end of 2000 and the beginning of 2006: Nanjing Audit University, Huazhong Normal University, Northeastern University Qinhuangdao Branch, Yunnan University, xiamen University, university of international business and economics, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing Jiaotong University, Huaqiao University, Guangxi University, Xi Jiaotong University, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Zhejiang University, etc.

period of expansion

Since 2002, the Ministry of Education of People's Republic of China (PRC) has approved the third batch of colleges and universities offering e-commerce undergraduate courses, including 83 universities including Petroleum University, China Agricultural University, Beijing Foreign Studies University and Central University of Finance and Economics. The fourth batch added 58 universities, including Beijing Union University, Beijing Institute of Information Technology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing Institute of Materials and Tianjin Business School. By 20 10, the Ministry of Education approved 339 undergraduate schools and more than 800 junior colleges to offer e-commerce undergraduate majors.

While vigorously developing e-commerce undergraduate majors, China has also carried out the training process of e-commerce graduate students. In 2003, the Ministry of Education allowed qualified universities to recruit master's and doctoral students in the direction of e-commerce, which also marked that China's e-commerce education has entered a high-quality development stage. In some countries, "2 1 1 engineering" schools recruit master's and doctoral students in business (and e-commerce direction of MBA) under economics, management or computer science. For example, since the spring of 2003, with the permission of the Ministry of Education, Xi Jiaotong University has established master's and doctor's degrees in e-commerce under the first-level disciplines of applied economics and management science and engineering. By 20 10, incomplete statistics show that there are dozens to 100 units that have independently set up postgraduate master's and doctoral training centers for e-commerce majors such as management, economy, engineering and law.

mature period

20 1 1 The Ministry of Education has published a new catalogue of disciplines: e-commerce is 1 10209 (belonging to two disciplines under the first-level discipline of business administration);

According to the [1] catalogue of undergraduate majors in colleges and universities (20 12) issued by the Ministry of Education on September 2, 20 13 e-commerce major was upgraded to a first-class discipline, and e-commerce was 1208065438+.

Most graduate students and doctoral students enrolled in e-commerce belong to management science and engineering, and some colleges and universities are applied economics. For example, the research direction of e-commerce enrolled by Huaqiao University is information economics.

Edit this paragraph function

From the meaning and development of e-commerce, we can see that e-commerce has the following basic characteristics:

universality

E-commerce, as a new transaction mode, combines production enterprises, circulation enterprises and consumers.

And the government have brought into a new world of network economy and digital existence.

convenient

In the e-commerce environment, people are no longer restricted by geographical areas, and customers can use very simple methods.

Complete complex business activities in the past, such as accessing account funds around the clock through online banking.

, query information, etc. At the same time, the service quality of enterprises to customers can also be greatly improved.

complete

E-commerce can standardize the workflow of transaction processing, integrating manual operation and electronic information processing.

Becoming an inseparable whole can not only improve the utilization rate of manpower and material resources, but also improve

High rigidity of system operation.

safe

In e-commerce, security is a crucial core issue, which needs the network to provide.

End-to-end security solutions, such as encryption mechanism, signature mechanism, security management and access control.

Firewall, anti-virus protection, etc. This is very different from traditional business activities.

harmonious

Business activity itself is a coordinated process, which requires customers and companies, manufacturers and wholesalers.

In the e-commerce environment, the coordination between merchants and retailers needs banks, distribution centers and communication.

With the cooperation of departments, technical services and other departments, the whole process of e-commerce is often completed in one go.

Yes

comprehensive

E-commerce takes computer network as the main line and highly integrates various functions of business activities.

At the same time, it also highly integrates all parties involved in business activities. Highly integrated

Sex further improves the efficiency of e-commerce.

Professional requirements

Students in this major mainly study:

1, basic knowledge, economic mathematics, English, economic law, economic writing and other knowledge;

2. Theoretical knowledge of business management of commercial enterprises;

3. Basic computer knowledge;

4. Introduction to e-commerce;

5, computer network and network marketing knowledge;

6. Marketing knowledge;

7.Photoshop image processing;

8.Flash production;

9, enterprise strategic management;

10, warehousing and logistics;

1 1, e-commerce security and payment;

12, copy editing ability.

13. Work direction

After graduation, I can engage in bank background operation (network operation), web design, website construction and maintenance or network editing of enterprises and institutions, website content maintenance and network marketing (including international trade), and marketing planning of enterprise goods and services. College students can also engage in clerical work such as telemarketing and call center e-commerce assistant.

Two. accounting

? 1. Accounting is a business language. You can know the overall operation of a company through its books and accounting knowledge. Usually, accounting graduates will take the CPA qualification examination during their studies or after graduation. CPA in the United States and ACCA in the United Kingdom are the largest international associations of certified public accountants, and many graduates choose to obtain the qualification certificates of these two associations. Moreover, students majoring in accounting can apply for and obtain corresponding exemption from examination subjects according to their previous study subjects. There are also many graduates who have obtained different qualifications according to their personal interests, such as auditors, tax agents and financiers. In China, we have the Institute of Certified Public Accountants, so most domestic graduates generally choose to obtain the qualification certificate of certified public accountants in China.

2. Professional introduction

In the United States and China, accounting has always been a hot major. With the development of economy, since 2004, the demand for accounting personnel in enterprises has increased sharply. Compared with other majors, the employment situation has been good. Accounting major is an applied discipline that studies the collection, classification, synthesis, analysis and interpretation of financial activities and cost data, and forms an information system to assist decision-making, so as to effectively manage the economy. It can be said that it is an integral part of social science and an important management discipline. The research object of accounting is the movement of funds. Accounting is an economic management activity with currency as the main unit of measurement and improving economic efficiency as the main goal. It uses special methods to comprehensively, comprehensively, continuously and systematically calculate and supervise the economic activities of enterprises, organs, institutions and other organizations, provide accounting information, and gradually make predictions, decisions, controls and analyses with the increasing development of social economy. It is an important part of economic management activities.

3. Curriculum setting

Relational database, basic accounting, basic knowledge of finance and finance, tax basis, basic knowledge of statistics, economic laws and regulations, basic accounting skills, enterprise financial accounting, financial management, government and non-profit organization accounting, computerized accounting, basic knowledge of auditing, accounting simulation practice, accounting post practice, basic knowledge of enterprise management, cost accounting, basic knowledge of industrial economics, cost accounting simulation, accounting practice in circulation industry, commodity knowledge, business accounting simulation, etc. [ 1]

4. Accounting definition

Accounting is a management activity that takes currency as the main unit of measurement and adopts a series of special methods and procedures to continuously, systematically and comprehensively calculate and supervise economic transactions or events, provide economic information and participate in forecasting and decision-making. The main function of accounting is to reflect and control the process of economic activities, ensure the legality, truthfulness, accuracy and completeness of accounting information, provide necessary financial information for managing the economy, and participate in decision-making to seek the best economic benefits [2].

5. Edit this certificate exam.

Accounting qualification examination, accounting qualification examination (junior and intermediate), senior accountant examination, certified public accountant, certified asset appraiser, CIA, CISA, CGA, ACCA, CAT.