Taking Ganzhou City, Jiangxi Province as an example, starting with the present situation and existing problems of rural cultural construction, this paper makes a preliminary discussion on how to strengthen rural cultural construction and build a harmonious society.
First, the current trend of rural cultural construction
In recent years, especially with the promotion of new rural construction, our city has done a lot of work in rural cultural construction, which is developing in a positive and healthy direction and has achieved certain results.
(a) Raising awareness of rural culture
In order to further strengthen rural cultural construction, the municipal party committee and the municipal government seized the opportunity that the country paid more and more attention to the development of social undertakings and farmers' desire for culture, better integrated rural cultural construction into the development of economic and social undertakings, and incorporated rural cultural construction into the important content of "five new and one good" in new rural construction, and achieved practical results. Whether in strengthening the leadership of rural cultural construction or in the investment in rural cultural construction, including farmers' conscious participation, there has been great improvement and progress. In terms of leadership, governments at all levels have established and improved mechanisms, introduced measures and put forward specific requirements. A rural cultural construction plan has been formulated, and rural cultural construction instructors have been specially dispatched at the city and county levels. The Propaganda Department of the Municipal Party Committee, the Municipal Cultural Bureau and the Municipal New Village Office have jointly issued a document to make arrangements for strengthening rural cultural construction in the construction of new countryside. With the promotion of new rural construction, combined with the actual situation, the municipal government issued the "Opinions on Strengthening the Protection of Immovable Cultural Relics", actively applied for targeted measures such as characteristic cultural villages and intangible cultural heritage, and carefully organized farmers' art festivals close to rural life, which provided a strong guarantee for rural cultural construction; In terms of investment, in the past two years, only the cultural department has won nearly170,000 yuan, and the city has invested nearly 50 million yuan to set up a city-to-county (city) 1 100 km optical cable trunk network, and invested more than 8 million yuan to equip more than 500 fitness paths, plus special funds and matching funds at the listing and county levels. In this way, in management, In accordance with the requirements of both prosperity and management, the cultural department will strictly examine the qualifications, uniformly apply for certificates, and guide and support the development of the troupe in management; The industrial and commercial department handles business licenses, permits performances and operates legally; The public security departments should strengthen the supervision over the contents of performances and the public security of performance places, resolutely ban illegal business places, put an end to all kinds of literary performances with low style and unhealthy content, create a social environment that supports healthy culture and resists decadent culture, and ensure that advanced culture is used to occupy rural ideological positions. This fully reflects the gradual enhancement of rural cultural awareness.
(A) the foundation of rural cultural construction is not solid enough.
First, the ideological foundation is not solid enough. Some leading cadres' ideological understanding is still not in place, and there is a phenomenon of attaching importance to economic construction and neglecting cultural construction. Some people think that economic construction is real, it can produce benefits in a short time, and it can immediately reflect political achievements, while cultural construction is virtual, and the effect is not good for a while, and it is difficult to reflect political achievements for a while. Therefore, some leaders only pay lip service to cultural construction, and pay no attention to it in their hearts and actions. Some village cadres lack the necessary understanding of cultural construction. I think cultural construction is a matter above, and it is a matter for people in the city. The peasants themselves are not well educated, so long as they have enough to eat and drink and do their own thing, there is no need to waste money and be thankless.
Second, the organizational foundation is not solid enough. On the one hand, the team of township cultural workers is not strong enough. The age structure and knowledge structure of this team of cultural workers are aging, and many of them can no longer meet the needs of current rural cultural work; On the other hand, the responsibilities are not clear enough, and township cultural workers are mostly engaged in other jobs, mainly part-time, and have little energy to engage in cultural work. There is a phenomenon that cultural cadres do not have the surname "Wen"; Coupled with the lack of cultural instructors at the village level, cultural work has no "feet" and it is difficult to gain a foothold.
Third, the mass base is not solid enough. People are not only the enjoyment of rural cultural achievements, but also the participants and subjects of rural cultural construction. Because the cultural quality of the rural population in our city is generally low, most of them have no chance to receive re-education. Although the party committees and governments at all levels pay more and more attention to the quality training of the rural population, due to the limitation of energy and funds, the more influential activities of culture, science and technology, health and sports going to the countryside are also very limited, and all kinds of training for farmers are difficult to meet the needs of the masses. The quality of farmers has not improved rapidly, and their acceptance of advanced culture and healthy culture has been greatly restricted, which is largely vulgar.
(B) the support for rural cultural construction is not strong enough.
First, the economic support is not strong enough. The development of cultural undertakings needs to rely on certain economic support, especially the rural cultural construction with weak foundation. Lack of funds has been a prominent problem that has plagued the development of rural cultural undertakings in our city for many years. On the one hand, due to the underdeveloped economy, the county and township governments have limited financial resources, and the government's investment and support for rural cultural construction are insufficient. There are also problems that governments at all levels attach importance to rural cultural construction; On the other hand, the village-level collective economy is very weak, so it is difficult to talk about the investment in cultural construction; In addition, the participation and support of social forces are still lacking, and the atmosphere of various enterprises and economic entities participating in and supporting rural cultural construction is not strong.
Second, the carrier setting is not close enough. Including the carrier in the form of a certain distance from the masses. As an important carrier to prosper and carry forward rural culture, most township cultural stations are located in township organs, and their functions are difficult to play. All kinds of sending culture to the countryside are mostly confined to the township government, and activities are rarely carried out directly in the village, so it is difficult to reflect the participation of cultural masses. It is difficult for the content of the carrier to have a * * * relationship with the people. At present, literary and art groups active in rural areas lack long-term planning and high-quality talents, lack innovation in content, and lack of new ideas to combine traditional culture with the spirit of the times, which makes it difficult to have a * * * voice with the masses, leading to a crisis of survival.
(C) the environment of rural cultural construction is not optimized enough
First, the policy is not enough. Cultural construction needs effective guarantee and promotion mechanism. At present, apart from the Cultural Relics Law and a few limited laws and regulations, there are few legislative and policy provisions on cultural construction, and the development of cultural undertakings lacks necessary policy support. For example, the investment policy of rural cultural construction is not clearly defined, so it is difficult to ensure effective investment.
Second, the atmosphere is not strong enough. First of all, the government attaches more importance to urban cultural construction than rural cultural construction, and the atmosphere of rural cultural construction is not as strong as that of urban cultural construction. Secondly, the development of rural culture is not popular, because there are many migrant workers and businessmen in our city, mainly young and middle-aged, and most of them stay at home, and the rural cultural construction lacks popularity. Third, there are not many folk troupes, and the present situation is not optimistic. The lack of professional teams will inevitably affect the atmosphere of rural cultural construction.
Facing the present situation of rural culture, at present, the construction and development of rural culture in our city should pay attention to at least the following three aspects:
First, economic transformation urgently needs to develop rural culture. The country is in the transition period of economic system, which is an irreversible historical trend to meet the requirements of historical development and people-oriented social development. This period is not only manifested in material richness, but also requires social progress, including cultural development. At a deeper level, this change begins with ideas and spirits, and then manifests itself in matter and behavior. The original cultural resources in rural areas are scarce, especially the basic cultural infrastructure, cultural activities and cultural education in rural areas are poor for a long time, so it is particularly urgent to make up for this deficiency. Many traditional, backward and decadent cultures have disintegrated or gradually disappeared to a great extent, but the culture adapted to the new era is not mature, and rural areas urgently need to vigorously develop a new socialist culture.
Second, the reconstruction of rural social values in the new period urgently requires the development of rural culture. This new type of rural social values refers to the moral values of the peasants established under the conditions of socialist market economy, which embodies the civilization and progress of the vast rural areas and peasants. For a long time, due to the influence of rural economic and cultural environment, the formation of this new rural values has also been affected to some extent. Only by forming a social value system that meets the requirements of rural development today and becomes the common pursuit of the whole society can we guide the progress and development of rural society and promote social evolution and social education. Therefore, the construction of Scientific Outlook on Development value system, which can not only reflect farmers' value pursuit, but also meet the requirements of socialist market economy and people-oriented, has become the top priority of rural cultural construction.
Third, the construction of new countryside urgently requires the development of rural culture. The construction of new countryside is rich in connotation, including not only the material level, but also the spiritual level. If the new countryside wants to maintain its vitality forever, it must be supported by the new rural culture. Only by vigorously developing rural culture, constantly improving the ideological, scientific and cultural quality of rural population, and enriching and meeting the growing cultural needs of farmers can we provide sustained, healthy and scientific spiritual motivation and intellectual support for the construction of new countryside and fundamentally solve the problem of coordinated development between urban and rural areas. This is the fundamental policy of rural development.
Third, the future development of rural culture ideas
Strengthening rural cultural construction is not only an inevitable requirement for the sustainable, healthy and scientific development of rural areas, agriculture and farmers, but also an organic part of building a harmonious rural society. Grasping the direction of advanced culture, firmly taking root in rural areas with advanced culture, leading rural culture with advanced culture and promoting the process of rural cultural construction in our city have a long way to go.
(A) to speed up the development of public cultural undertakings
1, give full play to the leading role of the government, fully implement the spirit of "Opinions on Further Strengthening Rural Cultural Construction" at all levels, strengthen leadership over rural cultural construction, do a good job in rural cultural construction planning, and make rural cultural construction go hand in hand with new rural construction. Increase the government's investment in public welfare cultural facilities, give priority to supporting cultural projects closely related to the interests of the people, lower the threshold of cultural consumption, and better implement the free or preferential opening of public cultural facilities to the public, especially farmers.
2. Continue to implement the "Hundred Counties and Thousands of Villages Publicity and Culture Project", "Knowledge Project" and "Dandelion Plan" in depth; Carry out the digital reform of rural films; Implement the rural film "2 13 1" project; Strengthen the construction and implementation of the * * * cultural information resource project, and do a good job in supporting and guiding the * * * project. In 2007, it is necessary to realize the goal that counties have resources and enjoy outlets.
3. Continue to consolidate and develop the construction of new countryside and create "100 million" cultural engineering achievements. In accordance with the requirements of the Eleventh Five-Year Plan, we will intensify the construction and transformation of cultural infrastructure in counties (cities, districts), build libraries with a building area of not less than 2,500 square meters in Ruijin and Xinfeng, and build and expand projects such as Xingguo and Ruijin Museum (Memorial Hall). At the same time, we will continue to carry out the "three activities" of rural culture in the province, increase supervision over the use of funds and activities of the "three activities" of rural culture, and organize the farmers' art festival in the city and the "photo exhibition of the results of the" three activities "of rural culture in Ganzhou City".
4. Accelerate the establishment and improvement of rural public cultural service system. Implement the "rural cultural construction project" and carefully plan and build the Weizhen cultural demonstration site. In 2007, 35% of the township cultural stations in the city reached the provincial standard, including one-level station 10; Every township has a theater or outdoor performance venue; Gradually realize that more than 30% of the administrative villages have been built into "characteristic cultural villages", and 60% of the administrative villages in the city have two rooms and one column (library, cultural activity room, publicity column) and can carry out activities normally; Every natural village has at least 1 household that meets the standards of rural cultural centers.
5, encourage social forces to donate and set up public cultural undertakings. With the government as the leading factor, society as the main body, scientific planning, overall arrangement, classified guidance, step-by-step implementation, innovative mechanism, focusing on villages and towns, grasping the key of villages, fully mobilizing the enthusiasm of all social forces to set up rural cultural undertakings, and striving to meet the growing spiritual and cultural needs of the people. Seize the cell of farmers, encourage the masses to edit, write, perform, sing, take selfies and draw pictures, train hundreds of mass writers and rural literary stars, and strive to be from home to people; Cultivate and support all kinds of mass literary and art associations, and fully mobilize the enthusiasm of farmers to run their own culture.
(B) building a harmonious rural culture
1, vigorously prosper literary and artistic creation and create a good ideological and public opinion atmosphere for the construction of new countryside. We will increase funding for key rural topics, and launch a number of farmers' literary and artistic works that reflect contemporary rural life and are loved by farmers in line with the principles of being close to reality, life and people. In particular, we should combine the current cultural work, take building a harmonious society as the value orientation, strengthen literary and artistic creation, strive to meet the cultural needs of the broad masses of the people and the needs of harmonious social development, give full play to the cognitive, educational, aesthetic and entertainment functions of literary and artistic works, and advocate the basic socialist ethics. Continue to organize personnel to compile rural cultural activities programs, excellent plays and movie catalogues according to the actual situation of rural areas and farmers for the exchange and study of rural grassroots cultural workers in the city.
2. Strengthen the management of rural cultural market and purify the cultural development environment of new countryside. Actively cultivate and improve the rural cultural market and vigorously support healthy and beneficial cultural products and services. According to the characteristics of seasonality, festival, regionality and fluidity of rural cultural market, the management of key issues, key time periods and key areas should be strengthened. In view of the spread of "cultural garbage" to rural areas, and the backwardness of decadent culture is poisoning farmers, it is necessary to strictly examine qualifications, uniformly apply for certificates, strengthen the supervision of performance contents and places, resolutely ban illegal business places, put an end to all kinds of cultural performances with low style and unhealthy contents, create a social environment that supports healthy culture and resists decadent culture, and ensure that advanced culture is used to occupy rural ideological positions.
3. Actively carry out cultural activities to enrich farmers' cultural life. Make full use of holidays and rural fairs to carry out cultural activities, combine sending culture to the countryside, sending operas to the countryside, sending books to the countryside with professional cultural workers to assist rural mass cultural activities, combine regular, small and diverse cultural activities with regular large and medium-sized mass cultural activities, educate farmers on patriotism, collectivism and national unity, and advocate civilized and healthy lifestyles and social customs.
(C) the protection and utilization of rural characteristic culture
1. Further improve the protection and declaration of ancient villages. In the construction of new countryside and the planning and construction of villages and towns, we will further explore the cultural connotation of ancient villages and actively organize the recommendation and declaration of cultural relics protection lists and famous historical and cultural villages. Gannan is the cradle and settlement of Hakkas, with a long history and profound cultural heritage. However, due to historical reasons, many ancient villages have been destroyed to varying degrees, and few ancient villages are well preserved. Do a good job in the protection of cultural relics in ancient villages, and encourage counties (cities, districts) to attract social funds through various channels to rescue and repair the cultural relics and ancient buildings that are on the verge of collapse in ancient villages. Actively formulate measures for the protection and management of cultural relics in ancient villages, pay close attention to the rescue and maintenance of endangered ancient buildings and ancient dwellings in rural areas, and focus on arranging 2-3 major cultural relics maintenance projects every year.
2, continue to do a good job in the protection and utilization of intangible cultural heritage in the construction of new countryside. Strengthen the general survey and protection of intangible cultural heritage in the construction of new countryside, and carry forward excellent national folk cultural traditions and local characteristic cultures on the basis of research and protection. To meet the aesthetic needs of farmers' audience, we should actively explore the existing and unique folk cultural resources, constantly sort out folk art, cultivate folk literature and art teams, innovate activities and build exhibition platforms when carrying out rural cultural activities. Make full use of local people's favorite art forms, organize farmers to carry out various forms of cultural performances, Hakka folk exhibitions, folk stunt performances, fine arts, calligraphy and painting, photography exhibitions and other activities through festivals and farmers' culture and art festivals, so that farmers' friends can be active in the process of "farmers' acting" and "farmers' drama", cultivate their sentiments and inherit and protect local folk culture.
At the same time, the artistic creation, vocal cavity and qupai of Gannan tea-picking drama are deeply excavated and systematically processed; Strive to cultivate cutting-edge artists and top talents, and carry out in-depth theoretical research on tea-picking drama. Actively rescue and organize Gannan folk songs. Edit and publish "Gannan Folk Songs Collection", and record all original folk music boxes and materials into CDs. Strive to start the research work of promoting Hakka culture, Red Land culture, Song Cheng culture and other local cultures during the Eleventh Five-Year Plan period, and complete the general survey, filing and project declaration of intangible cultural resources. Create two "Hometowns of Folk Art in Jiangxi Province", 1 "Hometowns of Chinese Folk Art", 26 characteristic cultural villages, and create culturally advanced counties.
3. Strengthen the protection of cultural relics in the construction of new countryside, and rescue and protect a number of traditional buildings with historical, artistic and scientific values, as well as Red Army slogans, cartoons and other cultural relics in a planned way. Attach great importance to the collection and arrangement of revolutionary historical relics and the protection of key revolutionary historical relics. Pay close attention to the implementation of the rescue and protection project of precious revolutionary historical relics such as slogans and cartoons in the Soviet area, do a good job in the protection and data collation of slogans and cartoons of the Red Army, and complete the selection of slogans and cartoons of the Red Army in the southern Jiangxi Soviet area. During the Eleventh Five-Year Plan period, 7 national key cultural relics protection units and 30 sites were declared, 30 provincial cultural relics protection units were declared, 50 municipal cultural relics protection units were announced, and county-level cultural relics protection units and protection lists were announced 100.
(4) Vigorously develop cultural industries with rural characteristics.
Strengthen the general survey and planning and construction of cultural resources with rural characteristics, promote the effective integration of cultural resources in a planned and step-by-step manner, and initially establish a relatively perfect cultural industry system that is compatible with the socialist market economic system. By organizing mass production of cultural products with local characteristics in our city, such as root carving, strange stones, lanterns, cage lamps, calligraphy and painting, paper cutting, paper binding and so on. , launch more characteristic cultural industry brands such as root carving, strange stone, paper binding, bamboo weaving and inkstone; Combined with local cultural characteristics, we will create tourism projects such as Hakka folk customs, red and green ancient roads and farmhouse music to promote rural prosperity and increase economic income. Actively promote the benign development, optimization and upgrading of cultural industries such as characteristic cultural products and rural cultural tourism. Actively expand the performing arts market and increase economic benefits. Gradually cultivate characteristic cultural industries into new growth points of rural economy, truly integrate rural culture into rural economic development, and bring spiritual and material benefits to farmers.
(5) Strengthen personnel training.
Actively support rural professional and amateur cultural teams, strive to improve the quality of rural cultural workers, and link cultural construction with farmers' economic income, which is not only labor industry, but also science and technology culture. At present, it is an urgent task to improve the current situation of "green and yellow" rural cultural teams as soon as possible and replenish "fresh blood" in time. In the future, we will further increase support for personnel training, gradually equip and equip strong teams, strengthen guidance for rural cultural construction, and ensure that rural cultural work can be grasped, done well and managed.