Since the reform and opening-up, economic growth, inflation and employment have always been important issues in front of China's economic development. With the development of market economy in China, the employment problem is more serious. For a long time, both employment and unemployment have been investigated as twin brothers in both economic theory research and economic practice. In the economic statistics of all countries in the world, the problems of employment and unemployment are clearly recorded and counted, especially in the western industrialized countries, which regard the employment rate and unemployment rate in a certain period as an important symbol to measure the economic development performance of various countries, and publish them to the society regularly and include them in the economic development yearbooks of various countries. This kind of employment (rate) and unemployment (rate) recorded, counted and managed by the government is actually explicit or open employment (rate) and unemployment (rate). According to this open employment and unemployment situation, economists can find the disadvantages and problems in economic operation and put forward the "prescription" to solve them, so that the government can make economic development and employment decisions. The actual economic life shows that it is difficult to achieve the expected ideal effect whether it is the "prescription" of economists or the "decision-making" of the government. Among them, there are a large number of hidden unemployment and hidden employment problems under different economic development backgrounds and employment operation mechanisms in various countries.

Hidden unemployment, also known as invisible unemployment, was first put forward by J Robinson, a western economist, in view of the phenomenon that a large number of skilled workers in developed countries had to engage in unskilled work during the Great Depression in the 1930s, and their productivity was far lower than the potential productivity, so there was hidden labor potential. A. K. Sen, a development economist, distinguishes labor from labor. He believes that hidden unemployment is due to "not spending too much labor in the production process, but using too much labor." Recessive unemployment is usually manifested as short working hours for everyone, and "the marginal productivity of labor force is zero in a considerable range". China is a developing country with a large population, abundant labor resources and relatively backward economy. In addition, the long-term implementation of the "iron rice bowl" employment system has left a very fertile soil for hidden unemployment. It is estimated that the number of hidden unemployed people in China will greatly exceed 230 million. Such a serious hidden unemployment situation is indeed a great waste of labor resources allocation in China.

The problem is that since 17, with the rapid development of the socialist market economy in urban and rural areas and the reform of the labor and employment system in China, various forms of invisible employment have sprung up in various regions and industries across the country, which are outside the government's labor and employment statistics and management. In the past, we called them hidden unemployed (theoretically counted as open employment by the government). At present, many people can move freely, find their own husbands, jobs and jobs at their own expense without the help of the government's labor and personnel departments, thus creating an invisible road of self-funded employment with China characteristics. The so-called "invisible employment" refers to any form of employment that has not been declared to the government or clearly counted, recorded and effectively managed by the relevant government departments. At present, hidden employment has become a very important employment phenomenon in China's national economic development, which will inevitably greatly reduce the situation of hidden unemployment. Therefore, in order to reasonably and accurately estimate the present situation and scale of hidden unemployment in China and study the problem of underemployment in China, it is necessary to analyze and discuss the present situation and scale of hidden employment in China.

Second, the specific forms of invisible employment in China

Invisible employment is not unique to China. Since 1970s, it has been a social and economic phenomenon all over the world, and it also exists in large numbers abroad. The "non-public occupation" studied by foreign scholars refers to invisible employment, which generally includes the following four aspects: (1) secret employees in enterprises; (2) unregistered self-employed persons; (3) undisclosed part-time employees; (4) illegal professionals, etc. Judging from the phenomenon of invisible employment in China, there are generally the following forms:

1. Invisible employment after open unemployment. Refers to people who have lost their original income security work for various reasons, received benefits, been secretly employed by other units or employers, or secretly engaged in self-employment. This is the most typical form of invisible employment, that is, a considerable number of people in the unemployed army counted by the government actually have jobs. This form of invisible employment is also quite common in western industrialized countries. In recent years, the unemployment problem in China has become more and more serious, with 1995 reaching about 6 million. However, a considerable number of unemployed people, on the one hand, receive unemployment benefits from government departments, on the other hand, engage in various income-generating labor or business activities, such as street stalls, night stalls, business, profiteering, self-employment, helping self-employed households set up stalls, and employment in township enterprises, etc., instead of.

2. Second occupation or part-time job. It is generally believed that the second occupation refers to the part-time activities that wage earners often engage in with monetary income in addition to their own jobs. In fact, there is no second brother in the profession itself. Only when it is related to a certain practitioner will there be a difference between priority and priority. Therefore, the narrow second occupation, relative to the first occupation or one's own job, should be an amateur part-time activity for the purpose of earning income. At present, there are four types of investment in the development of the second occupation in cities and towns in China: (1) manual part-time, in which workers are the main body, such as amateur "stall" workers; (2) Intellectuals work part-time, mainly in the fields of education and science and technology, such as part-time teachers, lawyers and "Sunday engineers"; (3) Power-based part-time, with serving and retired party and government cadres as the main body, such as in the name of directors, consultants, etc., or openly or implicitly part-time; (4) Comprehensive part-time, whose part-time subjects are miscellaneous, and it is a comprehensive application of intelligence, physical strength and strength, including some technical information consultation. But no matter what type, as a second occupation, it should have two obvious characteristics: (1) amateurism, that is, workers spend less time and energy on part-time jobs and are in an auxiliary and secondary position; (2) The purpose is to get a certain part-time income, which can't get a fixed, stable and regular income like the first professional income. A typical survey shows that the number of people engaged in the second occupation in China is about 25 million, accounting for about 25% of the total number of employees. Although the central government banned the second occupation nationwide as early as 1992, all kinds of part-time workers are still reluctant to declare their part-time activities, including part-time income, because of various complicated mentality, the government does not fully understand the employment situation of the second occupation in the country, and the development of the second occupation in China is actually in an invisible state.

3. Re-employment of retirees. Strictly speaking, there is a big difference between the re-employment of retirees and the second occupation. Part-time job refers to the coexistence of one's own work and one's second occupation, while the re-employment of retirees refers to the fact that they used to do their own work (or their work has stopped) and now continue to work after leaving their jobs. According to the data provided by the labor department, in 1988, there were more than 212,000,000 retired workers in cities and towns nationwide, and the re-employment rate was 17.25% in that year, with 3.6 million people re-employed. The re-employment rate in Shanghai is as high as 47.8%. At present, if the re-employment rate is 25%, at least 5 million people in the country will be re-employed. Especially in recent years, after the implementation of "early retirement" or "internal retirement" system throughout the country, a considerable number of people actually resigned from their original jobs. In this huge retired army, it is rare to really go home to rest for a long time or recover from illness. On the one hand, some workers are eager to complete the resignation procedures in their own units, on the other hand, they quickly show their faces in different places and start businesses. The general trend of national retirees' re-employment has taken shape.

4. Migrant workers go to cities for employment. Since the 1980s, the ranks of migrant workers composed of farmers have flooded into large and medium-sized cities, coastal areas, development zones along the Yangtze River and along the border. Although there are many people in the city who have nothing to do, at the same time there are many things that city people are unwilling or unable to do, so the "career gap" in the city has become the stage for migrant workers. For a time, nearly 50 million migrant workers crowded the streets of cities and development zones. The annual "tide of migrant workers" shows that farmers themselves have opened up a "road of invisible employment at their own expense"

5. Child labor. Child labor refers to children under the age of 16 who participate in industrial, agricultural, commercial, service and other production and business activities. Although countries all over the world and international labor organizations have made very strict and specific regulations on the age and professional conditions for minors to participate in production and business activities, child labor is still quite common in both developed and developing countries. Child labor is associated with poverty, and the poorest country is often the country with the most child labor. After the founding of New China, the government strictly restricted child labor, but in recent years, with the impact of the tide of commodity economy, the new "useless theory of reading" rose again. Millions of children drop out of school every year in China, and a considerable number of them are pushed into the flood of commodity economy prematurely and become child laborers.

6. Professionalization of criminal activities. In recent years, with the development of market economy, various social and economic crimes have become increasingly specialized, such as prostitution, human trafficking, drug smuggling, theft and fraud, underground business activities of making fake and shoddy goods and tickets, gambling and other illegal and criminal activities. Some lawless elements engage in various socio-economic criminal activities as the main source of their illegal professional income.

Third, the operating characteristics of invisible employment in China

1. Market regulation of labor and employment

The biggest feature of invisible employment is that it is not within the scope of state planned management and labor inspection, and the principle of pure market regulation is implemented. This market regulation is mainly manifested in: (1) there is no "two-way choice" between workers and employers, and there is no "fence wall" between them, which makes the labor force unable to flow. (2) Compared with the "iron rice bowl" of public employment, invisible employment is a kind of self-funded employment, which does not enjoy the opportunities and benefits of "public employment" and does not directly consume the financial input of the government. Although these employees have to enjoy the shared costs existing in a caring society in the process of labor, such as the occupation of transportation and employment places, compared with the "iron rice bowl" allocated by the state administration, they do not spend a penny directly from the state treasury. (3) It is entirely driven by monetary income. Workers from all walks of life are employed at their own expense, some with their own knowledge and expertise as capital, some with their own physical strength as input, and some with "power" and "relationship" as the backing, and have joined the torrent of invisible employment, with the ultimate goal of obtaining more and higher invisible income than the employment cost. The income of invisible employment is greater than the cost of invisible employment, which is the starting point for workers to engage in invisible professional activities. Moreover, the greater the difference between the two, the higher the invisible income, the greater the motivation for invisible employment, and the more people join the invisible employment team. Therefore, invisible employment is a value orientation driven by unit monetary income. Compared with the multiple value orientations of "public employment", such as monetary income, good housing conditions, giving full play to one's special skills, or relaxing and comfortable work, this undoubtedly better reflects the principle of value choice of commodity economy.

2. Concealment and openness coexist

The reasons why workers' employment takes a hidden form are: (1) The government cannot provide public employment for all citizens, and there are many job vacancies in society, so some workers just fill the vacancies, and some occupations are excluded from the "main hall" compared with the "Yatang" public occupation. (2) Invisible employment can conceal part of income. On the one hand, the unemployed can receive government relief, on the other hand, they can engage in invisible work or underground work. Part-time workers can get double wages, and some illegal professionals can also get an illegal "black income". (3) The government's management mechanism is not perfect. Some occupations, such as child labor, are prohibited by law, but the management is not strict. Other forms of invisible employment, either the government has no time to take care of it, or the merits and demerits are controversial, which leads to hesitant control measures, or the control measures are unrealistic and ineffective, which makes it invisible. The openness of invisible employment means that this informal form of employment is almost everywhere, in our daily life, right under our noses. Some invisible jobs are neither promised nor explicitly prohibited by the government, and some are explicitly prohibited, but employees are blatant. Many invisible workers, once banned by the government, disappeared from the ground and disappeared underground. Once the time is ripe, they reappeared and "muddled through". Therefore, a large number of invisible employment activities have the characteristics of concealment, semi-openness and semi-underground.

3. Legality and illegality coexist

Most invisible employment is the inevitable product of reform and opening up and China's socialist market economy. For example, the proposal of "trinity employment policy", the reform of "iron rice bowl" employment system, the gradual establishment of labor market, and the rational flow of talents. The introduction and implementation of this series of measures have made some invisible employment put on a legal coat, such as the transfer of rural surplus labor force, part-time employment and the re-employment of retirees. The government has also adopted some encouraging measures and policies one after another, thus making some invisible employment activities become legal and open activities recognized by the government. However, there are also a few invisible employees who take advantage of the natural concealment of their jobs and the government's laissez-faire and helpless policy tendency to openly engage in various illegal and even criminal underground business activities. For example, some part-time workers and "waste heat" workers steal raw materials, production tools and technical drawings from the original units to serve the part-time and employed units and seek great personal gain. Some national cadres abuse power for personal gain, and migrant workers go to cities to make and sell fake goods, which are mixed with them. Theft of property of relevant units, migrant workers staying abroad, illegal "black" jobs, many invisible employees failing to pay personal income adjustment tax, hiring child labor and so on. , are unfair or even illegal professional behavior. Therefore, for the government, invisible employment is actually in a "dilemma" situation that the government wants to manage but can't manage it, but it is difficult to manage it, but it is not well managed. The invisible employment form in this dilemma must have the characteristics of legal and semi-legal, disciplinary and illegal coexistence, which is legal, but evading government management has illegal elements; It is illegal, but many forms of invisible employment are needed by society and have legal factors.

4. Autonomy and blindness coexist

Invisible employment autonomy refers to the arrangement and choice of employment place, employment content and employment time of invisible employees, all of which are independently completed by the employment subject, in which there is no information call from government departments, no red tape from government departments, and no Employment Permit is issued. In recent two years, in order to control a large number of migrant workers, the state requires the labor department to issue employment certificates, but it is still unknown whether workers can find jobs and where to find them. Invisible employees show their magical powers, go their own way, find their own "in-laws", apply for jobs themselves, and find jobs at their own expense. The blindness of invisible employment refers to the blind decision-making of some invisible employees when employment information is invalid and employment opportunities are inaccurate. For example, some part-time workers are treated unfairly, such as being excluded, attacked and prosecuted, because of their unorganized and undisciplined part-time jobs when their policies and managers' attitudes are uncertain; Some migrant workers sleep on the streets, because they go out blindly in large numbers and can't find jobs for a while, which brings serious problems to urban traffic and social security.

5. Liquidity and uncertainty coexist.

The uncertainty of invisible employment refers to the employment choice of the employed, and there is no fixed place or unit. They work in the flow, survive in the flow and get rich in the flow based on the principle that where there are employment opportunities, they can earn money and earn more money. The mobility of this profession is not only manifested in frequent job mobility, but also in the fact that an employee can work part-time in several places at the same time. For example, scientific and technical personnel can provide skills for several township enterprises at the same time, teachers can attend classes in several schools, nannies can provide housework for several citizens' families, lawyers can work part-time in several companies and enterprises, doctors can see doctors in several hospitals, actors can "show their faces" in several theaters, and so on. The uncertainty of invisible employment refers to the connection and substitution between occupations, which is characterized by discontinuity or instability. They often finish a job and may not find a new job right away. Because of the discontinuity between occupations, the invisible employment income of workers is characterized by uncertainty and uncertainty. When there is a job, the income is relatively stable, and even the financial resources are rolling; When there is nothing to do, there is no income, and even the capital will be eaten. On the other hand, it is precisely because of the uncertainty of invisible employment activities and their benefits that it brings management difficulties to the state's supervision of invisible employment activities and their benefits, and at the same time it also puts forward a new topic for relevant government departments on how to manage and supervise the invisible employment in the flow, so as to make it change from invisible to visible.

Fourth, the role of invisible employment in China.

(A) the positive role

1. Increases the actual employment rate and reduces the employment pressure of the government.

The employment rate is closely related to the performance of economic development. China is a country with abundant labor resources, and both rural and urban areas are generally facing enormous employment pressure. According to the preliminary results of the National Bureau of Statistics 1994 sampling survey of natural population changes, the current urban unemployment rate in China is actually around 5% (social statistics are 2.8%). At present, the ability of state-owned enterprises to absorb employment is weakened, and the collective economy is weak, so it is difficult to expand the ability to absorb employment. The existence and development of hidden employment not only reduces the hidden unemployment of the whole society, but also greatly improves the actual employment rate of the whole society. Some are unemployed people in invisible employment, some are unemployed people counted by the government, and some are part-time, temporary workers and migrant workers. These people start their own businesses and find jobs at their own expense without the help of the government, which not only reduces the huge employment pressure of the government, improves the actual employment rate, but also reduces the financial expenditure of the government for arranging labor employment.

2. It has filled some temporarily irreplaceable occupational gaps in the national economy.

Generally speaking, there is a serious surplus of labor in China, and many people have nothing to do, waiting and looking for employment opportunities, but on the other hand, there are many things that nobody does. This contradiction between the overall surplus of labor force and the shortage of jobs is the basic condition for the existence and development of invisible employment in China. For example, on the one hand, there is a serious surplus of talents in institutions, enterprises and scientific research units in large and medium-sized cities, on the other hand, rural grassroots and a large number of township enterprises are surprised by professionals. On the one hand, private education held in recent years is seriously short of teachers, on the other hand, public universities and scientific research units are full of talents; On the one hand, some dirty, bitter, tired, dangerous and poisonous industries and jobs in many large and medium-sized cities are neglected, especially those who don't want to work in cities. On the other hand, farmers in rural areas are seriously underemployed. On the one hand, there is a serious surplus of labor force in the primary and secondary industries in China; on the other hand, the development of the tertiary industry lags behind and cannot meet the needs of social and economic development. The rise of the second profession, the part-time jobs of talents in short supply such as scientific and technological personnel, teachers, doctors, lawyers and engineers, and the development of invisible employment such as a large number of migrant workers entering cities have undoubtedly filled many professional gaps in all aspects of China's reproduction and social and economic life. From the perspective of the whole society, this can not only make full use of the idle labor resources of the whole society, but also play an important role in facilitating people's lives, increasing national wealth and promoting the development of China's social, economic and cultural undertakings.

3. Increase the income of the employed.

All kinds of invisible employees can get corresponding invisible employment income from their invisible employment process, which can be used to improve the living standards of invisible employees. One of the purposes of the vast number of invisible employees is to earn more invisible employment income. For example, migrant workers go to cities to work, and their annual income is often around 5,000 yuan, or even higher. The monthly income of the second major is also 300 to 1000 yuan. The "waste heat" income of retired employees is also quite high. Some employees run enterprises, companies and even group companies part-time, and the income from invisible employment is higher. These have indeed increased the income of the vast number of invisible employees and improved their living standards. In recent years, the savings deposits of urban and rural residents in China have exceeded one trillion yuan, and they are on the rise. The nominal wage growth rate of employees is much lower than the price increase rate, but the living standards of residents have not decreased significantly, and some living standards have improved greatly. This is largely supported by invisible employment income. From this perspective, the existence of invisible employment activities has improved people's psychological endurance to the current high inflation rate.

4. Conducive to the rational flow of labor.

The highly centralized economic management system and the employment mode of "lifelong marriage" not only make all kinds of talents become "private property" of regions, departments and enterprises, but also lead to "useless learning" and "useless use" of talents, and the distribution of talents is unbalanced. Many invisible workers use part-time jobs and "waste heat" to go to units, departments and regions that are in urgent need of employment, which is a better form of talent flow under the condition that China's current labor market has not been fully liberalized. This form of talent flow not only does not have a series of "worries" such as the resistance of the original transfer unit, housing allocation, job title evaluation, "iron rice bowl" guarantee, family migration and registration back to the city, but also helps to give full play to the professional expertise of practitioners and partially alleviate and solve the contradictions and difficulties such as the cross-century talent gap, unreasonable talent allocation and invisible unemployment in China. Although a large number of farmers' unorganized and unplanned spontaneous migration will bring some blindness, compared with the past practice of restricting nearly 800 million agricultural population to rural areas, tens of millions of migrant workers are undoubtedly a more reasonable flow behavior for balancing the labor distribution between urban and rural areas and adjusting the industrial structure between urban and rural areas under the incentive of enriching the people.

5. Promote the formation of labor market allocation benchmarks.

The biggest feature of the "iron rice bowl" employment system for workers is that the state adopts a policy of "contracting down" every urban worker from cradle to grave. On the contrary, invisible employment did not directly consume any national financial expenditure from the beginning, and it was purely market-regulated employment. What prevails here is the principle of "two-way choice" for workers' employment and the benchmark for workers' market allocation. It embodies the characteristics of employment, survival and success of intangible employees in the flow. Therefore, in most invisible employment activities, workers can not only make the best use of their talents, but also make the most effective use of talents. The income from invisible employment plays a direct role in regulating the quantity and scale of invisible employment. This market allocation principle and benchmark of invisible employment has undoubtedly played an important role as a catalyst and booster for the formation of China's labor employment system and labor market.

negative impact

1. It affects the accuracy of government statistics on employment, income and living standards.

Because a large number of invisible employment activities are outside the government's social and economic statistics, it is bound to make the unemployment and income level index of government or official statistics difficult to be accurate. The actual invisible employment shows that the unemployment rate in real life is much lower than the official statistics or published unemployment rate, and the income of some people is much higher than the official statistics. This will not only seriously affect the scientificity and effectiveness of the macro employment theory based on inaccurate statistical data, but also make the employment decision of government departments deviate from the actual employment situation in real life, thus seriously affecting the correctness and operability of government decision-making.

2. It has reduced the government's fiscal revenue and caused the loss of some public assets.

Invisible employees take advantage of the characteristics of different working hours and uncertain income to evade the government's tax supervision and management, thus losing a lot of financial income to the government. Urban and rural unlicensed operators, invisible employees in the second occupation, etc. Not only is it difficult to grasp their income, but there are also a lot of tax evasion. Employed people take advantage of the characteristics of their employment activities, such as concealment, mobility, discontinuity, non-declaration, non-statistics, poor management, etc., and either eat "grass beside the nest" to enrich the public and enrich the private, or engage in tax evasion, resulting in a large number of people losing their financial resources to invisible employment activities. In particular, a few party and government cadres abuse power for personal gain. Most of these people "take advantage of their positions as public servants, put up public signs, use public money to earn power tickets and put them in private pockets" and "earn money by eating imperial grain", which is actually a concrete manifestation of the power economy in the form of invisible employment.

3. Lead to unreasonable brain drain.

Invisible employment activities, which have developed rapidly under the market regulation, have played a positive role in promoting the rational flow of human resources among regions, departments and enterprises under the conditions of imperfect labor employment system and labor mobility in China. However, if this kind of talent flow is not restrained, it will inevitably turn into unreasonable brain drain. The performance is as follows: (1) The second occupation and unpaid leave have actually become the "transit station" and "experimental field" for the flow and loss of talents, and many business backbones and technical talents of enterprises are lost through this "transit station"; (2) Brain drain is actually the loss of technology. Some employees regard their own units as free "technical training centers". Once they are "full-fledged" and the opportunity is ripe, they will fly away or even leave without saying goodbye, which not only reduces the technical quality of their employees, but also makes enterprises more cautious in talent training and afraid of "making wedding clothes for others"; (3) The "mentoring relationship" in some enterprises is increasingly alienated. Most young people are eager for quick success, unwilling to learn technology, and pay attention to working hard for part-time jobs. First, the master is worried that the peaches will be picked when they are ripe. Second, I am worried that apprentices will compete with the master for part-time jobs and are unwilling to teach technology, resulting in the loss of many technical skills. (4) Behind the brain drain is a "talent war". In order to attract talents, some units don't want hukou, leaders' consent and work files. As long as the academic qualifications and ID cards are used as bait, talents from other units will be poached. (5) A large number of rural young and middle-aged laborers go to cities to work blindly, which seriously shakes the stability of China's agricultural basic position, and so on. From this point of view, if the talent flow directly or indirectly has an important impact on the overall interests and long-term interests of the unit, it will inevitably turn into unreasonable brain drain.

4. It leads to employment friction and unfair income distribution, which affects the enthusiasm of workers for production and operation.

The phenomenon that a large number of workers "do multiple jobs at one job" is bound to generate friction and conflict with the current employment situation in China. Mainly: (1) the contradiction between the total amount and the structure. On the one hand, there is a serious surplus of urban and rural labor force and serious unemployment in China, and many people cannot obtain basic living security because they have no employment opportunities; On the other hand, there are a large number of workers who hold two or more jobs, which will inevitably reduce or crowd out some jobs that can be employed by the unemployed. Although not all part-time jobs can be replaced by the unemployed due to the limitation of work nature and professional quality, many part-time jobs can still be completed by the unemployed; (2) "Whitehead" squeezes "Blackhead". Although the reemployment of retirees (called "Whiteheads") mainly benefits from the opportunity of "waste heat" on professional trains, this part of "reemployment of people who get off the train" has a certain impact on the employment of young unemployed people (called "blackheads"), resulting in the contradiction of "white-haired people squeezing the rice bowls of black-haired people"; (3) The contradiction between "public work" and "private work". Some people groan without illness, are beset with minor illnesses, and sometimes "get sick" or "take labor insurance" for a long time to earn extra money through part-time jobs. This phenomenon of doing "public" to support "private" has seriously affected the enthusiasm of the former for production and operation; (5) Part-time workers allocate their time and energy to the contradiction between their own jobs and their second jobs. "Going to work is like an ant, leaving work is like a dragon", "Being in China, being in China", some people stay in their posts for hours, idling and listless, while in part-time jobs, they race against time, talk about "dedication" and are full of enthusiasm; (5) Especially those party and government cadres who "work part-time by power" enrich themselves and seriously undermine the fundamental principle of career choice. All these frictions and conflicts in career choice in the process of hidden employment are not conducive to the healthy development of various forms of hidden employment and seriously affect the enthusiasm of most workers for production and operation.

5. Poisoned the social atmosphere and corroded the social body.

Professionalization of various economic illegal and criminal activities-illegal occupations, such as smuggling, drug trafficking, prostitution, "underground factories" manufacturing fake and shoddy goods, profiteering, theft and other illegal underground professional activities, also constitute an important part of invisible employment, which not only poisons social atmosphere, corrodes social organisms, affects the national economic environment and order, but also brings great troubles to the national economic and social life management and becomes the progress and healthy development of China's socialist civilization.