On the sixth day of the sixth lunar month in the seven ancient poems, washing and giving thanks are equally important.
In June of the lunar calendar, the heat is coming, and ancient books record this period, which makes people lurk to avoid the heat. So before the Song Dynasty, although there were solar terms in June, there was no major festival to prevent heatstroke.
But in the Song Dynasty, it was different.
In the history of the Song Dynasty, Zhenzong "declared June 6th as a heavenly book, and the next day as a heavenly day". That was in101/year, when Song Zhenzong was in office for fourteen years, he ordered that June 6th be designated as "Grace Day", and Song officials had a day off.
Why is there an extra holiday out of thin air this month? It turned out that Dasong was defeated in the war with Liao in 1005, and was forced to form a "Yuan Dynasty Alliance" with Liao, with an annual currency of 300,000 yuan, and achieved border peace. Although such a compromise gained a stable development space, the emperor still felt a little depressed and made great efforts to govern. Results 10 1 1 year Liao was politically divided and unable to invade the south. Song Zhenzong is very happy and plans to worship Mount Tai and serve the whole world. In this seemingly peaceful atmosphere, Tuo dreamed that the man of God handed down a sacred book and set June 6 as the sun, so that the capital was cut off from slaughter for one day and led hundreds of officials to burn incense in the Qing Palace. From then on, June 6th is a day of every month.
Therefore, I specially wrote enlightenment books such as "Studying in Qionglin" in the Ming Dynasty, and on June 6, the festival was named Tianlong.
What has a downward effect is an upward trend. Taoist temples all over the country have major celebrations and ceremonies. Going out to visit the Taoist temple on June 6, watching the excitement and lotus flowers, has formed a trend.
Of course, the main god of Taoism is different in different places. For example, Cui Fujun, the capital of the Northern Song Dynasty, was born on June 6th, and June 24th was Jiro's birthday. The whole June, from top to bottom, was full of joy. Even members of the royal family burn incense, perform zaju and set off fireworks at night. Formed a spectacular holiday custom.
First of all, it is a day of grace.
"Ban zha Yang and different, HuaCong nature is different.
The two palaces are composed of * * *, and the two palaces are integrated.
The morning light is fragrant, and the shadows are opposite.
The king attached great importance to the sky and wrote a picture of the crown and treasure. "Northern Song Dynasty? Xia Song "Yanfu Palace Double-headed Peony? cite
In Song Dynasty, flower planting was developed, so many florists controlled the temperature and could open in advance or later.
For example, after Song Zhenzong's death, his son Injong succeeded to the throne. At that time, the empress dowager Liu listened to politics, forming a situation in which two palaces ruled by * * *. Emperor Renzong was very filial.
This is a double-headed peony enshrined in the imperial garden and sent to Yanfu Palace. This day is June 6, which is the day of heaven.
Yanfu Palace is still a small-scale royal garden at this time, which is dedicated to the emperor and queen mother, equivalent to the royal garden.
Of course, the Emperor and the Empress Dowager thanked their father for setting the day, effectively uniting the people, and being lively and peaceful.
The filial emperor Renzong also accompanied the Queen Mother on this day, looking at the double-headed peony and painting it devoutly.
But for an emperor, the rule of the two palaces is probably a kind of harm.
Fortunately, Empress Liu died early, and Song Renzong took power early, so Xia Songcai was able to die.
In fact, although it is a festival that attaches importance to Taoism, combined with rich folk customs, it is actually a good festival for folk banquets and tourism in summer. For example, the popular Lotus Festival on June 24th began with the heavenly sacrifice in the Song Dynasty.
So in the Song Dynasty, June 6th became an official holiday, but people had their own long tradition of spending the summer.
For example, washing and drying.
Second, the book festival.
The initial washing and drying must have existed since ancient times, but where there is human society, there must be bathing.
But the washing and drying in June of the lunar calendar is particularly different. This is because in the south of the Yangtze River, just after a long and humid rainy season, the weather is violent and sunny. This time is just used to wash clothes and furniture in the rainy season to get rid of mildew.
June and July in the folk lunar calendar is a good day for airing.
So there are two festivals, June 6th and July 7th.
"No one to the poor lane, long-term seclusion.
Old fires only dry medicine, and new sunny days also dry books.
Neighbor Weng accompanies village wine and teaches children kindergarten dishes.
Artemisia outside the door comes to the ground, and the mud is too deep to hoe. "Song? Yu Rushang, summer leisure? 》
This is a folk book printed in June of the Song Dynasty.
No one went to the country alley, and a person was guarding the lonely house.
There is a fire boiling medicine in the stove. I'll print books as soon as it clears up. The old man next door came with wine, and the children learned to grow vegetables in the small vegetable garden. It was a sunny day after the plum rain, and the weeds in front of the yard were still in the deep mud and growing vigorously in the humidity.
At that time, printed books, bask in the quilt, were actually popular among the people according to the climate.
After all, most of the ancient houses were on the flat ground, grounded, and prone to seasonal humidity, while furniture, clothes and books are valuable means of subsistence. Will you get lost if you don't get exposed to the sun? In ancient non-consumer society, waste was extremely shameful.
Folk customs are also reflected in the palace. In the Ming dynasty, the interior of the palace was used to dry the records of sages of past dynasties and the books of past dynasties. Officials in charge of the credentials and eunuchs went into battle together, and around June 6, they moved these books out to dry, which was very spectacular. This is also a reverence for ancestors and history.
Therefore, the tradition of Japanese printing books on June 6 was encouraged and affirmed. Of course, the book is not necessarily printed on June 6, but it is always in June and July.
"There are joys and sorrows everywhere, why the vicissitudes of life began to sigh.
Yesterday, I crossed the book drying ground in the west of the city, and there were countless news about the safety of squid. "Qing? Gong Zizhen's miscellaneous poems have been written since the spring and summer of Beijing.
In the late Qing Dynasty, Gong Zizhen passed by the west of Beijing in June, where there was a huge threshing ground to print books.
As for the books here, it is impossible to verify whether they are private, bookstore books or temple classics.
But it looks spectacular.
He said that he was sentimental and could see the joys and sorrows of life from the details. For example, these books give a great sense of history and vicissitudes of life.
Are books spread out in the sun to prove the existence of cultures or that they are still alive?
The book was not eaten by bookworms. There is no doubt that books are history.
And I stood in the sun, looking at these books, looking at my years past. That kind of floating life is like a dream, the clear sense of reality is so strong, and the joys and sorrows are all under the scorching sun.
Third, Laundry Festival.
Zhang Ailing's "Changing Clothes" has a beautiful beginning.
"If the clothes handed down from generation to generation were not sold to second-hand collectors in large quantities, how brilliant and lively it would be to dry clothes in June every year. You walk between bamboo poles with silk walls on both sides. "
In fact, June here is easy for readers to slip away. June 6th is the "Laundry Festival" in the traditional Chinese calendar in China.
"Today is June 6th, and the old house is in the fire zone.
The custom of poor eaves and clothes drying has existed since ancient times. "Qing? Dai Zi exposed the book? draw
Although June 6th is a good day to print books and a family with books, life is long and complicated, not just books. In the crowd, bask in the quilt, the person drying clothes, is more spectacular than drying books.
Although the house was burned like a sea of fire by the sun, people still moved their clothes out of the house.
It has been a custom since ancient times to dry clothes on June 6, whether in the court, boudoir, dignitaries or the poor.
Rich people bask in their own yards, such as Zhang Ailing's, where silks and satins are all over the yard.
What if no one or a city resident is a poor household? Sunbathing in the street, or using ropes or bamboo poles.
I was afraid that the urban management of the Qing dynasty could not stop the flourishing of drying clothes, so I pulled up the rope to dry them on the main road.
"Rain Chu Qing clothes * * * sun, street hang poor pants.
I am not humiliated by Huaiyin, and I have bowed my head and crossed my legs. "Qing? Zhao Yi, "Xinqing people are drying clothes across the street. How many shoulders have been handcuffed? " 》
This is a ridiculous poem. It rained for several days, the weather was fine, and pants were hung everywhere in the street.
And the sedan chair he was riding had no choice but to pass under these clothes. And often through the crotch.
I have never been humiliated by my crotch, but in this season when my national clothes are drying, I can only walk silently with my head down.
This is a lovely and funny mood.
But it's also true. Living conditions in ancient times were limited, and large-scale drying could only occupy public space.
However, this is also people-oriented. In this way, we can get more sunshine in June to avoid the epidemic of plague, and the beauty of the city will give way to customs and human feelings during this period.
In modern times with washing machines, people still like the smell and cleanliness of clothes and quilts under the ultraviolet radiation of the sun.
Fourth, the disappearing elephant washing festival.
"Chang' an began in the dog days of June, with the main gate facing the Royal River.
The Japanese watched the elephant wash and immediately rode thousands of bicycles.
Eyes full of Cuju Luoan, blowing horns and singing Jiangge.
Japanese and Chinese newspapers are like slaves, and the Supreme Court strikes the Light Palace. "Qing? Jiang's "Xu Jian 'an" is like washing the holidays? " 》
Since June 6th is the day for washing and sunbathing, all people who can wash and sunbathe must go into the water, people should take a bath, and so should animals.
It has been recorded since the Ming Dynasty. On June 6th, women washed their hair, cats and dogs in the river.
Washing elephants came from the elephants raised by the Ming Dynasty court, and they were imperial animals that traveled as emperors. In the Ming Dynasty, Jin Yiwei moved out of the elephant training hall. Elephants were driven out of the city because of their huge size. Twenty-four elephants made a spectacular trip and bathed in the river under the guidance of the elephant trainer. Ten thousand people watched the game.
In the Qing Dynasty, it continued the tradition of washing elephants and even became an important part of the June 6th festival. Officials dressed in festive costumes, elephant trainers dressed up, used music to clear the way in front, and set up colored sheds at the elephant washing place, which attracted countless people and vendors.
For example, the poet's friend's wine party happened to be in a restaurant by the river washing elephants. This is the best place to watch elephants take a bath.
Countless chariots and horses stopped on both sides of the river.
Watch elephants play by the river and bathe in the water.
However, this tradition stopped during the Guangxu period of the Qing Dynasty, because an elephant injured people.
Verb (abbreviation for verb) Brew wine, taste wheat and be grateful for food.
"Barley new boiled alfalfa plate, a pot of spring wine small Luan.
Then nine people died. Don't cook ordinary meals. On June 6, when the Song Dynasty moved, "two grandchildren ate barley together."
As early as the Southern and Northern Dynasties, there was a tradition of making wine and koji on June 6th.
At this time, the wine is sweet and delicious, quenching thirst and relieving summer heat, and supplementing the loss of body nutrition.
There is often vodka in the south, and you can drink it in three or two days. It is a low-alcohol beverage in ancient summer.
At this time, it is also the maturity of new wheat. Many farmers should solemnly worship their ancestors, cook with new wheat, be grateful for the land, and remember the painful experience.
For example, this poem describes the joy of eating new wheat rice on June 6.
The family gathered around, eating and drinking. It is said that wheat is an elixir of life, and eating it today means cherishing food. Don't take it as a common thing to eat wheat rice on this day.
Of course, weeding is at noon, and sweat drips down the soil. Who knows that every meal is hard.
June 6th is a Thanksgiving Day to cherish food and save farmers.
What other allusions and customs do you know about June 6th?
The first coat is better than snow to explain the love and beauty in the poem for you. .