How the Steel Was Tempered

A textbook of life

The display of noble personality with firm belief and perseverance.

As far as the strength and depth of its influence on readers are concerned, it is unique in the history of world literature.

One of the most outstanding works of Soviet literature in 1930s.

One of the hundred classics that have influenced history.

Classical translation that influenced modern China society.

How Steel was Tempered, a masterpiece that has inspired countless people, has been enduring for more than 60 years since its publication. The reason is that this book not only depicts a broad picture of life in the Ukrainian region before and after the October Revolution, but also shapes Pavel Colta King's lofty personality with persistent and indomitable beliefs. Its image transcends time and space, has a worldwide influence and shocked the heartstrings of generations.

This novel is one of the masterpieces of Soviet literature in the 1930s, both in ideological content and artistic form, and it is a book that people can't put down. In the former Soviet Union alone, this book was printed more than 600 times in 6 1 language, with a circulation of over 30 million copies.

How steel is tempered teaches us how to live a meaningful life. Paul's pursuit of life, persistent dedication and firm belief in life are always worth learning.

Ostrovsky's novels are of special significance to millions of young people in Ukrainian factories and collective farms. Because Ukraine has trained thousands of outstanding Kochagin heroes in the battle with the Central Conference Party, Petriula bandits, German and Polish occupation forces in an extremely complicated and tense fighting environment.

Petrov.

As the saying goes, cats have nine lives. Literary works should also have several kinds of souls. There are at least three ways in which steel is tempered: first, the revolutionary beliefs and actions of revolutionaries. The second kind, love, is eternal and will not disappear. Paul's love for Tonya and Rita and his concept of love are all moving in the novel. This makes the charm of the work last forever. Third, fight against suffering and bad luck and overcome life. This is not out of date.

-famous writer Liang

If I talk about my love in my reading order, in my youth, the novel How Steel was Tempered by the former Soviet Union had the greatest influence on me. Not to mention its owner Pavel Colta King's vividness, vividness, fullness and artistic appeal, his thinking on the value of life alone has influenced many people's lives.

-famous writer Li Ruqing

Pavel Colta King's image is indelibly imprinted in the minds of our generation of readers who are influenced by Russian and Soviet literature. His famous saying "life is a person's most precious thing" is hardly known.

-Young writer Hami

Meet where there is water.

In recent years, "How Steel was Tempered" (hereinafter referred to as "Steel") has been selling well year after year, and it ranks among the top in different rankings. In the books recommended by teachers and parents to children, in the private discussions of young people, and in the prosperous and stable print run of publishing houses, the status of "steel" has always been firm and unshakable. What triggered the massive reading of the same scale in different periods? There are many kinds of modern book markets, and readers have a lot of choices. What makes an old book read by the previous generation look good again? Is it nostalgia? If so, why are similar old books published by publishing houses not so popular or even deserted?

The question still goes back to the book itself. I did a survey. When answering questions about "reading motivation", students of steel often choose "recommended by teachers or parents", but teachers and parents-or generally referred to as "others"-definitely recommend more than this book. Why can people who passively accept reading information become active readers so smoothly and quickly? The reason is that this book does have its unique and attractive features. Interestingly, when you ask others why they recommend it, the answer is usually some grand reasons: I hope to learn to be tough, tenacious, hard-working and so on. Quite a few people also mentioned the shining famous saying that ostrovsky left for the protagonist in the book. But once the question "Why do you like it" is asked, the answer has undergone a very emotional and subtle change: its artistry, readability and so on. The most important place is mentioned directly or indirectly according to different ages, that is, the story between Paul and tonia, from falling in love to giving up, has a romantic power: getting better slowly, sitting in the sunshine by the river for a lifetime is not enough, and turning away without looking. What makes them love so clearly without any pollution?

To tell the truth, the reason why this book has been favored by young readers in China is really because it is full of growing pains and youthful true love in the first half. In the era when literature has no love, the word "tonia" warms many hearts longing for love with its unique exotic flavor and mysterious image collocation. It can be said that "tonia" at that time was synonymous with "love", and "love" grew and flourished in readers' hearts with the appearance of tonia, like a hot and claustrophobic one in winter. Just as tonia, who broke up with Paul as an adult, made a hopeless ripple in the readers' hearts in that year with a different mode of criticism and propaganda-it was that era that coincided with a more tragic love in the aesthetic sense, giving young people in that particular era a spiritual baptism of "wanting to love but not being able to", thus deeply appreciating the sublimity and rarity of love.

Although this ending is dignified, the first generation of young readers who read steel are extremely lucky to find a romantic blueprint that can be used now. Of course, they can't forget such a good book that has brought great enlightenment to their life development. ...

A new journey has begun, and the rebellious side is a new child. Don't you see the joy on their faces? It is a knowing pleasure to find something unexpected from the texts that are allowed to read, because they are young and have enough enthusiasm to celebrate themselves. Of course, you may smile and say, "One day ..."

Yes, it is the end of time, only the mainstream and rebellion, they have been marching so calmly.

The author of this book, Nikolai ostrovsky, is a Russian, an ordinary worker, a Red Army soldier and a * * * green.

Grass-roots cadres of the regiment. 1904 was born in Ukraine. How the Steel was Tempered is not his autobiographical novel.

But there are many plots based on his own experience. He is the same as Pavel Colta King, the hero of the novel.

The young family was poor, out of school, worked as a coolie, fought in the Red Army, was injured, and later became blind and paralyzed. exist

Desperate, he didn't want to eat, drink, breathe and die, so he picked up the only weapon he could use-

Pen, no, it is not accurate to say pen, because later he could not carry it in Lian Bi, but relied on dictation and asked relatives and friends to take notes, which lasted for a long time.

In three years, I overcame unimaginable difficulties, created this immortal masterpiece, and realized my ideal of returning to combat posts.

At the end of the novel, Paul finally received a telegram from the state Committee in almost desperate expectation: "The novel is highly praised."

The reward is coming. Congratulations on your success. "In real life, ostrovsky is not so lucky, but

Experienced more hardships. After the novel was sent to the publishing house, it was rejected at the beginning. Then I passed a friend.

Our efforts were carefully accepted by a magazine. The first and second parts of the novel are in 1932 respectively.

And 1934 were all published in the unimportant position of 1 1, but in these three years, the critics did not mention anything about it.

Words, it seems that I haven't found this work. What an awkward silence.

On the other hand, readers ignore the indifference of critics and do not wait for anyone's recommendation and guidance. Still in the manuscript

During this period, the works spread like wildfire among local readers. During the magazine serial, people who borrowed books from the library lined up.

People can't wait for the publication of each issue of the magazine. Letters rained down on the editorial department. A reader gave it directly.

The author wrote: "Nicholas, good brother! I am writing to you from an assembler you don't know in Krasnodar garage.

It's five o'clock in the morning and I've been reading your Paul story all night. I love him so much. His sworn enemies, all of them.

Let me poke it with the tip of my pen. The magazine was punctured. Now I have nothing to do and I don't know how to get back to the library. "

Here you can see the reader's excitement.

The critics continued to remain silent. Until the end of 1934, the famous journalist and writer Mi Korsoff came to the Black Sea.

In Sochi, I found a mummy-like Ni ostrovsky in a small wing and interviewed him at 1.

On March 17, 935, Pravda published a newsletter report Courage. Ostrovsky's name.

Words and deeds first appeared in national newspapers and spread to every corner of urban and rural areas overnight, becoming a legend.

A hero. In the same year, in June 5438+10, he was awarded the highest honor of the country-Lenin medal. Author 1936 12

In the two years before his death on February 22nd, the novel was reprinted fifty times in various languages.

How steel was tempered has become a book that people can't put down. When they read this work, they often feel excited.

Tears filled my eyes. Read again and again, not attracted by the twists and turns of the bizarre plot, eager to know what the event is.

What is the result of development? They have long been familiar with the development and ending of the event. They read this work again and again,

Just because it aroused their strong voice, violently shocked their hearts and brought them endless spirit.

Quantity.

The Chinese translation of How Steel was Tempered has also been warmly welcomed by readers in China. This book was originally written by

Comrade Yimei is translated from English and published by Shanghai Xinzhi Bookstore. 1942. For more than half a century, generation after generation

A generation of young people are educated and encouraged by it. Pavel Colta King and China's Liu Hulan, Dong Cunrui, Huang Jiguang, Lei Feng,

Jiao, like other heroes, is universally respected and loved by young people. His famous saying: life is the most precious thing for people. life

Everyone has only one chance. A person's life should be spent like this: looking back, he won't regret wasting time, and

Will not be ashamed of meanness and vulgarity; On his deathbed, he was able to say, "My life and all my energy have been dedicated.

The most magnificent cause in the world-the struggle for the liberation of all mankind. "By many people in the book, hanging on the bed,

Stick it on the wall as the motto of life.

Since the publication of How Steel was Tempered, it has flourished for 60 years. The reason is not only true and profound.

It painted a broad picture of life in the Ukrainian region before and after the October Revolution, and it was it that shaped Pavel Colta King.

The glorious image represented by a generation of heroes. Paul's spirit has become the banner of the times. This image has stepped out since its birth.

Going abroad has become an example for progressive young people all over the world to learn.

Paul's spirit has long gone beyond the boundaries of the times. In today's era, the specific content of the Paul era already exists.

Have a great influence. Take China as an example. After the Cultural Revolution, China entered the socialism of reform and opening up.

In the new period of modernization, we are faced with new situations, new tasks and many new problems to be solved.

In real life, we may or may not need to launch 17 times a day to capture a castle like Paul did.

When we were suffering from typhoid fever, we were asked to step on the frozen soil to build a small railway, but there was a China special train during the construction.

In the great March of socialism, Paul made selfless contributions to the progress and liberation of mankind; that sort of

Combine lofty ideals with every concrete action, be down-to-earth and work hard; Not afraid of any difficulties.

The spirit of facing difficulties, perseverance and courage to struggle; Endless life and the spirit of struggle, but

Still the strongest voice of the times. In the construction of socialist material civilization and spiritual civilization, Paul's spirit is still ours.

Powerful weapon.

How Steel was Tempered was published many times before and after the author's death. These versions are text and

There are different degrees of differences in content. For example, historical figures purged in the late 1930s were all named later.

Both versions were deleted, rehabilitated and restored, and there were other changes. 1989 Soviet youth

The Guards Publishing House has published a new three-volume collection of ostrovsky's Collected Works, which contains "What is steel like?"

The Tempered Sample is based on the fifth edition and manuscript signed and printed by the author before his death at the end of 1936. It is a heavy book.

The newly reorganized text. In the appendix, the book published the unpublished parts in the Russian version in the form of notes.

Manuscript. The editor of the new collection thinks that this version should be the most consistent with the original and can be used as a blueprint for future versions.

Normative text. Thanks to the kindness of Mosconi ostrovsky National Museum and the editor of the new anthology, send me a copy.

Set, so that this time I can review the translation according to the new version and make up the newly published text. For ease of reading

When readers read, the new translation has been directly embedded in the text. Comrades interested in studying version differences can refer to 198.

Russian version for 9 years.