His parents are teachers and they have a wide range of interests. He was ambitious since he was a child. At the age of 65,438+04, he decided to leave the countryside and do something in this world. From 65438 to 0863, he entered William College and studied many subjects, including evolution, which left a deep impression on him. He was also interested in philosophy. Later, the theory of evolution strongly influenced his development in psychology, and he won many honors when he graduated from 65438 to 0867. After graduation, Hall entered new york Federal Theological Seminary for one year, but the "attraction" of preparing to be a priest was not too great for him. In the seminary, his interest in evolution brought him a disadvantage, so he was not taken seriously. Later, at the suggestion of the famous missionary H.W. Beecher, Hall went to Germany to study in 1868.
First, I studied philosophy and theology at Bonn University, and then I went to Berlin University to study physiology and physics, and got a Master of Arts degree from 65438 to 0870. There are often some romantic episodes during this period, and he often goes to beer shops and theaters. For a young man from a Puritan background, these are all very bold actions. 187 1 year, Hall returned to the United States, but faced unemployment and heavy debts. At that time, he was only 27 years old. In order to pay off his debts, he first taught in a country for 65,438+00 weeks, then worked as a tutor for more than a year, and then worked in Antioch College in Ohio for 65,438+0872, teaching English literature, French and German, philosophy, and being a librarian and leading a choir.
1874, he read Feng Te's Physiological Psychology, became interested in psychology, and hesitated about his future career. 1876 He left Antioch College and became an English lecturer at Harvard University. While holding this position, he also took time to work in the physiology laboratory of H.P. Badics and studied psychology under the guidance of W. James. 1878, Hall presented a doctoral thesis on spatial muscle perception, which was co-chaired by Badich and James * * * and awarded him a doctorate in psychology. In the United States, this is the first degree awarded to psychologists, and it is also the 18 doctorate awarded by Harvard University in all research fields. In the same year, he went to Germany for further study. First, he studied physiology with H Helmholtz and Kroneck at the University of Berlin. Later, he entered the University of Leipzig, studied psychology under W Feng Te and Ludwig [1], and became the first American student under Feng Te. Although Hall listens to Feng Te's lectures in the laboratory and acts as an experimental object, most of his own research is carried out along the direction of physiology. As his later career proved, he was seldom influenced by this great man.
1880, Hall returned to the United States, but he didn't find a job, but he had a wife, a student he had taught in Antioch before, and later reunited and got married. At this time, for Hall, 36, the future seems bleak. However, 188 1 year brought a turn for the better for Hall. This year, Johns Hopkins University invited him to give a speech, and he succeeded. 1883 began to build the first formal psychology laboratory in the United States, and 1884 obtained the professorship of Johns Hopkins University. During his stay at Johns Hopkins University, he taught many students, many of whom later became famous psychologists, such as W.H. burnham, J. Cartel, J. Dewey, J. Jestro, E.C. Sanford, etc. Four of them later became the presidents of the American Psychological Association.
From 65438 to 0887, Hall founded American Psychology, the first academic journal of psychology in the United States. This magazine not only provides a forum for publishing theoretical and experimental research results, but also makes American psychology United and independent. Therefore, until today, it is still an important magazine. 1888, American businessman J.G. Clark invested and established Clark University in Worcester, Massachusetts. Hall was invited as the first president and served as a professor of psychology, where he worked until he retired at 1920. At the beginning of the semester, he visited famous universities in Europe to learn from each other's strong points and laid a good foundation for Clark University. Hall is eager to make Clark University become a graduate research institution along the route of Johns Hopkins University and German University, which urges him to attach importance to research rather than education. However, Clark, the founder of this university, has different ideas. He didn't give Hall as much money as he expected. Until Clark died in 1900, the funds given were mainly used to establish a university college. Hall opposed it, but Clark insisted. Nevertheless, Hall personally trained 865,438+0 doctors in psychology, including W.L. Bryan and L.M. Timon, who also became the president of the American Psychological Association. Among the doctoral students in psychology at Clark University, there are also A. gesell and H. Godevais. The former is responsible for developmental psychology research, while the latter is responsible for mental retardation research.
189 1 year, Hall founded the magazine Educational Research (later renamed Genetic Psychology) and published the research results of children's research and educational psychology. 1892, due to Hall's efforts, the American Psychological Association (APA) was established and he was elected as the first president. By 1900, that is, eight years later, the community had grown to 127 members. Hall still maintains his interest in religion. He founded the Journal of Religious Psychology in 1904, and stopped publishing it after 10. 19 15 founded the journal of applied psychology, which is still very active at present, and was elected as an academician of the National Academy of Sciences in the same year. Hall was also one of the first Americans interested in psychoanalysis. In order to make psychoanalysis known to Americans, he invited S. Freud and C. Jung to give a lecture at the 20th anniversary of Clark University. This is Freud's only visit to America. 1920, Hall retired from Clark University and continued to write in his later years. 1922, at the age of 78, he became interested in the problem of the elderly and wrote two volumes of Aging, which was the first time to conduct a large-scale psychological survey of the elderly in various languages. Two years later, he died a few months after being elected president of the American Psychological Association for the second time. After Hall's death, the American Psychological Association surveyed 120 members and evaluated his position as a psychologist in the world. The results showed that 99 of them listed Hall as one of the top ten celebrities in the world.
Several psychologists are at Clark University, 1909.
Front row from left: S. Freud, G. Hall, C. Jung.
From the left in the back row: A.A. Brill [3], E.Jones [4], S. ferenc [5].
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