The second part includes 12 articles in chronological order. In these documents, Lenin discussed the relationship between Marxism and proletarian political parties, and pointed out that proletarian political parties were completely based on Marx's theory. Without revolutionary theory, there would be no revolutionary movement. Only the party guided by advanced theory can realize the role of advanced soldiers. Lenin comprehensively expounded the scientific attitude towards Marxism, and emphatically pointed out: we should resolutely oppose and thoroughly refute the argument that Marxism is "outdated", and we should accurately grasp and always adhere to the basic principles of Marxism; Marxist theory is a guide to action, not a rigid dogma. The essence of Marxism and living soul are concrete analysis of specific situations. We will never regard Marxist theory as a static thing. We must combine the basic principles of Marxism with China's concrete practice, be good at using Marxist viewpoints and methods to analyze, study and solve problems in China's socialist revolution and construction, and constantly develop Marxist scientific theory in practice.
On Dialectical Materialism and Historical Materialism is included in 14 Lenin's works, with 23 important expositions. Lenin's works are divided into two parts. The first part is two philosophical monographs: Critique of Materialism and Experience (excerpt) and Philosophical Notes (excerpt). Lenin criticized the empirical criticism and its variant Russian Mahism in Materialism and Empirical Criticism, defended and developed Marxist philosophy, expounded the basic principles of dialectical materialism and historical materialism, especially the basic principles of dialectical materialism epistemology, and pointed out that dialectical materialism and historical materialism are scientific worldviews. In the excerpts of this volume, Lenin expounded the theoretical basis of dialectical materialism philosophy; This paper reveals the idealistic and agnostic essence of Mahism in epistemology, and expounds the scientific connotation of dialectical materialism epistemology. Point out the importance of adhering to dialectical materialism in natural science research; At the same time, using the basic principles of historical materialism, this paper refutes the idealism of "social existence and social consciousness are the same" and "social omnipotence", and demonstrates that dialectical materialism and historical materialism are inseparable whole. Philosophical Notes is a summary, essays, notes and comments written by Lenin when he was studying philosophical works and discussing Marxist philosophical issues during 1895- 19 16. This volume extracts Lenin's comments on the study of materialist dialectics during the period of1914-1915. Its content involves: the internal logical structure of the scientific system of materialist dialectics, the core, law, category and practical significance of materialist dialectics, the role of dialectical process and practice in cognition, and the interaction of dialectics, epistemology and logic. On Dialectics is a brief summary of Lenin's dialectics research in this period, which clarifies the essence of materialist dialectics, the fundamental difference between dialectical development view and metaphysical development view, and reveals the epistemological and class roots of idealism.
The second part, select Lenin's works on philosophy or related philosophical content, and arrange them in the order of publication. Their contents include both dialectical materialism and historical materialism. Lenin spoke highly of Marx and Engels' contributions to the establishment of Marxist scientific world outlook in these works. Criticized the distortion of materialist dialectics and historical materialism by bourgeois scholars; Expounded the theoretical essence of dialectical materialism and historical materialism. It is emphasized that we should be good at understanding and analyzing practical problems with materialist dialectics, and clarify the spiritual essence of materialist dialectics through the analysis and research of practical problems. Critical opportunists steal dialectics with eclecticism and sophistry; Party member must unswervingly defend Marxist philosophy and fight against all kinds of idealism and metaphysics.
On Capitalism contains 19 Lenin's works and 26 important expositions. In these works and expositions, Lenin used historical materialism and Marxist economic theory to criticize the wrong views of Russian populist economists; Summarized the development course of Russian capitalism; This paper expounds some important theoretical problems related to the development of Russian capitalism, such as social division of labor, the conditions of capitalist commodity production and realizing surplus value, and the process and conditions of establishing capitalist domestic market. Lenin scientifically commented on the process of the emergence and development of capitalism and its historical role, and revealed the historical inevitability of the demise of capitalism; This paper analyzes the causes and consequences of the capitalist economic crisis, and points out that the capitalist system will inevitably lead to the increasing poverty of the working class, and at the same time, it will also create its own grave diggers. This paper expounds the essence and historical limitations of bourgeois democracy and reveals the essential difference between bourgeois democracy and proletarian democracy. Lenin profoundly summed up the new changes in world capitalism since the publication of Das Kapital, founded the theory of imperialism, and enriched and developed Marxism. He inspected the historical transformation of capitalism from free competition to monopoly, and pointed out that monopoly is the fundamental economic feature and essence of imperialism. This paper analyzes the basic characteristics of imperialism, and points out that imperialism is a stage of capitalism in which monopoly organizations and financial capital have been established, capital export is of great significance, international trusts have begun to carve up the world, and some of the largest capitalist countries have carved up all the territory of the world. Imperialism is parasitic, decadent and dying capitalism; In the stage of imperialism, the decadent trend and rapid development trend of capitalism coexist. The decadent trend does not rule out the rapid development of capitalism. In fact, the development of capitalism at this stage is much faster than before, but the development is more uneven. By analyzing the economic characteristics and historical position of imperialism, Lenin revealed the law of unbalanced development of capitalist economy and politics in the imperialist era, and pointed out that imperialism was the eve of proletarian socialist revolution. Lenin paid attention to the national democratic movement in the colonial and semi-colonial countries in the imperialist era, exposed the cruel rule of the imperialist countries over the oppressed nationalities, spoke highly of the struggle of the oppressed nationalities, including China, for their own liberation, and expounded the basic principles for solving ethnic and colonial problems; It is pointed out that the guiding ideology of investigating ethnic and colonial issues is to distinguish between oppressed ethnic groups and oppressed ethnic groups. The era of imperialism is characterized by the fact that the world is divided into a large number of oppressed nations and a small number of oppressed nations with great wealth and strong military strength. It is emphasized that proletarian political parties should actively support the national democratic movement in colonial and semi-colonial countries, especially the anti-feudal peasant movement in backward countries. The proletariat in western Europe formed a close alliance with the peasant movements in the eastern colonies and even in all backward countries. Through unremitting struggle, it gradually realized the great goal of overthrowing all exploitation systems and establishing a new socialist society.
On Socialism contains 35 works by Lenin and 5 1 related important expositions. In these works and expositions, Lenin expounded Marx's scientific conclusion that capitalist society must be replaced by socialist society according to the laws of modern social and economic movement; It reveals the law of unbalanced economic and political development of capitalism in the imperialist era and puts forward the scientific conclusion that socialism will win in a few or even a single country first. This paper discusses Marx's theory on the transition period from capitalism to capitalism and the theory of proletarian dictatorship. This paper expounds Marx's theory about the development stage of capitalist society. Lenin answered a series of important theoretical and practical questions about Russia's transition from the democratic revolution stage to the socialist revolution stage. This paper discusses the purpose and significance of implementing the new economic policy. This paper expounds the great significance of the principle of cooperation to the construction of socialism. Summarized the experience and lessons of exploring the socialist road in the early days of the Soviet regime. These articles reflect Lenin's theoretical thinking and hard exploration on what socialism is and how to build it, covering all aspects of the socialist cause. In close connection with the great practice of socialist revolution and construction, he profoundly pointed out: a proletarian political party that has achieved its ruling status must clearly understand the historical changes in its own status, constantly strengthen party building and perform its ruling functions well; After the proletariat seized power, it should turn its main force to economic construction and strive to improve the labor productivity of the whole society; Proletarian political parties must constantly consolidate the dictatorship of the proletariat, strengthen the alliance between workers and peasants, actively guide farmers to take the socialist road, and strive to stimulate the enthusiasm of the working class and the broad masses of working people; Leading organs and cadres at all levels of the party and the state should adapt to the needs of socialist construction and strive to learn to do economic work; We must strengthen the construction of legal system, severely punish economic crimes and ensure the healthy development of socialist construction; We should properly draw lessons from and absorb all valuable scientific and technological achievements of capitalism in labor organizations to accelerate the development of social productive forces; Attach importance to cultural construction, respect knowledge, respect all kinds of professionals, develop scientific education, and at the same time strengthen the guidance of public opinion to improve the ideological, moral and cultural quality of the masses; Actively promote the reform of state organs, effectively improve work style, boldly use outstanding talents, and strive to improve leadership and work efficiency; In the international arena and diplomatic field, we should consistently implement the peace policy, and at the same time strengthen the people's army and national defense construction, so as to ensure that all domestic forces are concentrated on economic construction and promote the vigorous development of the socialist cause.
On Proletarian Political Parties contains 29 works of Lenin and 50 related important expositions. In these works and expositions, Lenin systematically and scientifically expounded the basic principles of proletarian party building from the reality of Russian socialist revolution and construction and closely combined with the practice of party building; Through the analysis and criticism of the wrong ideas in the Second International and the Russian Party, this paper expounds the fundamental purpose, basic theory, organizational principles and objectives that must be adhered to in building a new type of proletarian party. After the victory of the October Revolution, Lenin put forward a series of new ideas and viewpoints to strengthen self-construction and perform the ruling function in view of the historical changes in the status of proletarian political parties, which enriched and developed the Marxist theory of party building. Lenin clearly pointed out that the proletarian political party is the advanced army of the proletariat and the leader and organizer of the proletariat and the working people; No matter in the democratic revolution, or in the socialist revolution and socialist construction, we must unswervingly uphold the party's leadership. Lenin attached great importance to the party's ideological and theoretical construction, emphasizing that only the party guided by advanced theories can play the role of advanced soldiers; Proletarian political parties must adhere to the guidance of Marxist theory and arm party member's mind with scientific theory; We must proceed from the specific situation of our country and determine our own route, policy and strategy according to the changing reality; We must study new situations and problems, sum up practical experience and push forward Marxist science. Lenin demanded that the proletarian political party must establish its own struggle program on the basis of scientific theory, unify the realization of the ultimate goal with the completion of the current task, and fight against the wrong tendency of deviating from the correct line in practice. Lenin attached great importance to the development of inner-party democracy and emphasized that party member's right to participate in the decision-making of inner-party affairs should be respected. It is pointed out that proletarian political parties must adhere to democratic centralism, implement collective leadership within party committees, and clearly define the responsibilities of each leading member. Strict discipline must be enforced to ensure the ideological, political and organizational unity of the Party. Lenin stressed that the party must strictly grasp the conditions for joining the party, actively develop advanced elements to join the party, pay attention to preventing harmful elements from mixing into the party, and always maintain the party's advanced nature and purity; The party must resolutely oppose all factional activities, and differences of opinion within the party should be resolved not only through principled arguments, but also through the development of political life itself; We should properly handle contradictions within the party and safeguard and consolidate the unity of the party; The Party must keep close contact with the masses, fully trust them, rely on them closely and learn from them with an open mind. Lenin pointed out that after the party gained political power, it must lead and organize the people to vigorously develop productive forces, give play to the superiority of the socialist system and the enthusiasm of the broad masses of the people, and strive to create labor productivity higher than capitalism. Lenin attached great importance to training and using talents, and warned party member to study hard scientific and cultural knowledge and become a professional expert. It is emphasized that the Party must adapt to the ever-changing situation, promote the reform of the leading organs of the Party and the state, strengthen the inspection and supervision of party member, and oppose all kinds of bureaucracy and graft, so that the Party can always maintain its vitality and truly play its vanguard role.