The whole book of Huayang National Records 12, about 1 1 ten thousand words. The book consists of three parts: the first to fourth volumes mainly record the historical geography of Ba, Shu, Hanzhong and Nanzhong counties, which also records the political history, national history and military history of this area, but mainly records geography, similar to the geographical records in the Official History; Volumes 5 to 9 describe the history of Gongsun Shu, Liu Zhang, Liu Bei, Li's four separatist regimes from the end of the Western Han Dynasty to the beginning of the Eastern Jin Dynasty, and the history of the unification of the Western Jin Dynasty, which is slightly similar to the "official history". 10 to 12 records the "wise men and women" in Liang, Yi and Ning from the Western Han Dynasty to the early Eastern Jin Dynasty, which is equivalent to the biographies in the "official history". Liu Lin pointed out in the preface to Notes on Huayang National Records: "As far as content is concerned, it is a combination of history, geography and people; In genre, it is a combination of geography, chronicle and biography. " Changqu, which is a collection of history, geography, politics, people, nationality, economy and humanities, has the nature of local chronicles in style and content, but it is obviously different from the traditional local chronicles which only focus on recording the characteristics of a certain area. This difference is a great pioneering work of Changqu's Huayang Guozhi in the history of China local chronicles, and it is also a thousand years since Huayang Guozhi.
Since the publication of Huayang Guozhi, it has been highly praised and respected by scholars in past dynasties. Liu Zhiji, a famous historical critic in the Tang Dynasty, said in Shi Tong Zashu: "County calligraphers admire their rural sages and beauty their nation. Very popular in China; On the other hand, we seldom hear and love differences. It is as detailed as the careful inspection of Changqu ... and it can be passed down to eternal life. If you see Americans, there is almost no cover. " Lu Dafang, a scholar in the Northern Song Dynasty, also said in the Preface to Huayang National Records: "Ji Shu is considerable, and there is no such thing." Guangxu's Book of Jin, Ye Fan's Book of the Later Han Dynasty, Pei Songzhi's Notes on the History of the Three Kingdoms, Liu Zhao's Notes on the Continued Han Dynasty, Mars's Notes on Yizhou, Li Daoyuan's Notes on Shui Jing, Jia Sixie's A Brief Introduction to Qi Min, the Book of Jin revised in the early Tang Dynasty, and Sima Guang's History as a Mirror are all examples. Contemporary people regard Huayang Guozhi as an important historical material to study the ancient southwest. In particular, writing the historical records of Sichuan, Chongqing, Yunnan, Guizhou and other places is inseparable from Huayang National Records.
To sum up, in view of the important historical value that Huayang Guozhi can provide in the study of ancient history in Southwest China, as well as a large number of research results produced by future generations due to the study of this book. These research results benefit from the records of politics, economy, history, geography, natural resources, ecology, nationalities and culture in ancient southwest China in Huayang Guozhi, which provides historical basis and reference value for modern people to study the social development and explore the laws of economic development in southwest China. Previous catalogue books either listed it as a hegemonic history, a pseudo history, or an alias or miscellaneous history. But no one has ever included it in local chronicles. According to the historical geography of ancient Yunnan, Guizhou, Sichuan and Chongqing, it is more reasonable to make local chronicles.
For a long time, domestic scholars' research on Huayang Guozhi only stayed on the reference of historical materials. From the beginning of the 20th century to 1979, the research on Huayang National Records made slow progress, because there was no review or monograph to sort out its research before the 20th century. In other words, the study of Huayang National Records began in the 20th century, but the research speed in the first 80 years was relatively slow, and there were not many research results in this period.
During this period, there were famous scholar Zhu's research papers on the version of Huayang Guozhi, and famous scholar Gu Jiegang's Biography, Huayang Guozhi, Shu Shizhi, Yao Silian, < A Mutual Exploration of the Geography of the Book of Jin > and so on. During this period, Ren Naiqiang, a famous historical geographer and national historian, made the most representative study of Huayang Guozhi. He set out to collect information, collate, punctuate, research, annotate and compile Huayang National Records, and completed the first draft in 196 1 year.
According to Notes on Supplementary Pictures of Huayang National Records School, the first and second drafts were left in the History Department and the Library of Sichuan University during the ten-year catastrophe. The first draft was reviewed by famous scholars such as Feng, Meng, Xu Zhongshu, Liu Yunshou and Lv Zifang, and the third draft was annotated by Mr. Zhang Xiushu. During the 20 years from 1980 to the end of the 20th century, the real research and collation of Huayang Guozhi has achieved fruitful results, especially 1984 and 1987 Liu Linzhi's Notes on Huayang Guozhi published by Bashu Bookstore and Ren Naiqiang's Notes on Huayang Guozhi published by Shanghai Ancient Books Publishing House.
In particular, The Annotation of Huayang National Records won the first prize of 199 1 the first national ancient book arrangement, and 1993 the first national book award. In addition, in the 265,438+0th century, there were monographs on the collation and research of Changqu and Huayang Guozhi, which were translated by Wang Qiming and Zhao Jing published by Sichuan University Press in 2007, and the research of Huayang Guozhi by Liu Lailai and Xu Shiduan, and a large number of academic papers related to Huayang Guozhi appeared. In addition, there are a large number of master's theses on the theme of Huayang Country, and there are also many works with unique insights and exquisite skills.
For the first time, the Rare Collection of Huayang National Records compiled the important versions and compilation results of Huayang National Records into a book, and published it by photocopying, which not only facilitates the preservation of various precious versions, but also facilitates the present and future generations to consult the versions for further research, and has important literature value and research value. At the end of the book, the Catalogue of Centennial Research Works arranges the catalogue of the achievements of scholars at home and abroad in the past 100 years according to a certain style, which provides convenience for researchers. The series was edited by Li Yongxian and Gao Zhigang, prefaced by Li Yongxian and Gao Zhigang, and published in Chengdu Times 20 14 and 12. Gong Yu in Shangshu called Huayang Blackwater Liangzhou, so this book is called Huayang National Records. This book describes the historical facts of Shu and Han in more detail than the History of the Three Kingdoms by Chen Shou. For example, Zhuge Liang pacified the south middle school, and there are only a few words in the annals of the Three Kingdoms and Shu, but there is a long discussion in the annals of Huayang. The history of Shu in Jin Dynasty is also more detailed than his book. Ye Fan wrote the Book of the Later Han Dynasty in the Song Dynasty, and used it as a reference for the history of southwest China. It can be considered that he is the earliest and most important document to study the history and geography of the people of all ethnic groups in ancient southwest China.
According to documents, this book was written by Lu Dafang when he was an official in Chengdu in the third year of Yuanfeng, Song Shenzong (1080). Lu's prints are out of sight now. The preface he wrote for this purpose is still preserved today. In the Southern Song Dynasty, Li Tu was engraved in Dan Ling in the fourth year of Jiatai (1204), which is usually called Jiatai Ben. This book is the ancestor of Huayang Guozhi published since Ming and Qing Dynasties. However, the original version of Li's book has not been widely circulated. In the Ming Dynasty, Qian was copied, and four series were copied and circulated. During the reign of Shunzhi in the Qing Dynasty, Feng Shu copied this book again, which was later obtained by Gu Guangqi, a collator, and was proofread. Sun Xingyan once suggested printing it. At that time, Liao Yin, a Sichuanese, expressed her willingness to engrave this book. Because he is from Shu, please ask him to carve it. This is the inscription of the 18th year of Jiaqing (18 13). This is used to print four important books. At the beginning of last century, Chengdu Zhigutang also reprinted this book. Huayang Guozhi belongs to historical records, with elegant and simple writing and few uncommon words and terms. But the time is long, and there are some mistakes in copying. Today, when people read, the word barrier is also a difficult point.
One of Huayang National Records is Huayang National Records (①), and Water Mirror Notes is called Huatuo Records (②). It is a twelve-volume book written by Chang Qu of Jin Dynasty, and it is the earliest and most complete local chronicles in China.
The geographical scope recorded in this book covers Liang, Yi and Ning in the Eastern Jin Dynasty, Sichuan, Yunnan, Guizhou and Chongqing provinces and parts of Shaanxi, Gansu and Hubei provinces. It is called "Huayang" in the book, and the three eastern Jin states, namely, Liang, Yi and Ning, graze "Gong Yu" in Liangzhou, which means that "Huayang shines on the water and is only Liangzhou". It is also the cloud in K Shu Zhi: "Shu is a state, and astronomy shines on it. When the iron is straightened, Huashan will show its leisure. "Youbai:" Its land is connected with Pakistan in the east, Yue in the south, Qin Fen in the north, and Dafu in the west, which was closed by the Japanese state. "It can be seen that Huayang is named after its natural terrain, and it is named after the place where it lives in the sun of Huashan, which is the origin of the name Huayang Country.
The author is Chang Qu, a native of Jiangyuan County (now the northern part of Chongzhou, Sichuan), whose birth and death are unknown. Shi Li was a servant when he was an official in the Han Dynasty, and Ruoyun Zhang was called "the history of Shu". This position enabled him to contact a large number of documents and conduct extensive field investigations, which provided conditions for compiling books. In the third year of Yonghe in the Eastern Jin Dynasty (347), Huan Wen attacked Shu, Chang Qiong surrendered (4), and then Huan Wen joined the army. In his later years, he may be frustrated in Jiankang, and he often uses topics in Huayang National Records, and his grievances are beyond words. Liu ling Kao Xiao was written in Sima Danyong, Eastern Jin Dynasty (348-355). As the saying goes, Chen has Han Shu outside the book, which is mostly recorded by Han people, but it is difficult to spread the national records of Huayang.
Twelve volumes of Huayang National Records, this article is about 110,000 words. Its volumes are: the first Bazhi, the second Han (with J: Liangzhou >; , the third Shu Zhi (Yizhou), the fourth Jiao Tazhong Zhi (Ningzhou), the fifth Gongsun Ermuzhi, the sixth Zhi Zhu, the seventh Zhi Zhu, the eighth great comrade (Houshu), the ninth Li Texiong's longevity and longevity annals, the tenth Guangxian female general praise (before the Jin Dynasty), the eleventh annals (after the Jin Dynasty) and the first place. This is the scope of a secretary's work. In terms of time, I got through and finally decided for three years. Geographically, it is Liang, Yi and Ning 33 counties 180 counties. The book is divided into three parts: one to four are about history and geography, which is mainly geography, similar to the geographical records in the official history; Volumes five to nine describe the history of Gongsun Shu, Ada, Liu Zhang and his son, Shu Han, Cheng Han's separatist regime and the unification of the Western Jin Dynasty in chronological form, which is slightly similar to the official biographies, with volumes 10 to 12 recording the "sages and virgins" from the Western Han Dynasty to the early Eastern Jin Dynasty, and is quite biographical in the official history. This writing is summarized by Liu. "From the content, it is a combination of historical and geographical figures, and from the genre, it is a combination of geography, chronology and biography." This is in line with the actual situation in the book. However, in the final analysis, Huayang Guozhi is a local chronicle.
The foundation of China local chronicles can be traced back to the "land consolidation" in the pre-Qin period, supplemented by documents. After the Han, Wei and Six Dynasties, illustrated local chronicles appeared. Various local chronicles that preceded Huayang National Records have been recorded in the literature for a long time, that is, hundreds of kinds. Unfortunately, they are already dead or can only be scattered in other cultures. Only Huayang Guozhi is the earliest and most complete local chronicles. This is not accidental, but because of its historical value and unique sacrificial characteristics. From the historical and geographical value, the first four volumes of Nitrogen are the essence of the book. As summarized by Mr. Liu Lin, it records the history of each state, the evolution of counties, the location of the city, the famous mountains and rivers, the products of important road teams, the local customs, the main nationalities, the names of the most popular famous counties and counties, and so on. These colors provide valuable historical materials for studying the geography, political history, economic history and national literature of the southwest frontier in ancient China. Especially in the ancient southwest geography, it supplemented the Geography of Hanshu, the Geography of Counties in the Later Han Dynasty and the Geography of the Book of Jin. In terms of political history, it is supplemented by the History of the Three Kingdoms, and in terms of economic history, it is based on Historical Records, Hequ Book, Han Gou Book, Historical Records, PingZhun Book, Han Shi Foo Book, Historical Records, Huo Zhi Biography and Han Shu Loan Biography. The Biography of Southwest China is much more detailed, but there are many omissions in the official history. The above shows that this book is profound and has high historical value. Its three combinations in content and three understandings in genre seem to have a direct or indirect influence on later local chronicles, from the records of Tang, Song, Yuan and counties, the records of Taiping Universe, to the unified records of Yuan, Ming and Qing Dynasties and various local chronicles.
Compilation has five characteristics:
First, it is the trinity of history, geography and characters in the book content, and the trinity of geography, chronicle and biography in the genre, which is a pioneering work in the history of local chronicles. Compared with the previous general local chronicles, it is divorced from history, geography and people, and only reflects one aspect of local historical geography. It is a more complete and brand-new genre of local chronicles. In fact, this kind of writing is the basic requirement of compiling history. The author thinks that it is difficult to edit local chronicles in the official history "History" and "Han", which not only gives full play to the advantages of local chronicles, but also reaches the historical value no less than the official history.
Second, this book is a special record of local chronicles in southwest frontier areas, including dozens of ethnic minorities. In terms of time, it includes thousands of years of history before the Jin Dynasty. Geographically, it includes Yunnan, Guizhou, Sichuan and Chongqing, as well as parts of Shaanxi, Gansu and Hubei. It is very rich in time and space, which is unprecedented not only in the history of China local chronicles, but also rare in later generations.