In many literary works, for rhetorical convenience, all "swords" can be mixed with the word "long sword"; The real sword appeared in the early Middle Ages. It is a light, thin and moderate length weapon, which can be easily used by both hands. Stabbing is the main attack method. The blade of a long sword is 70-80 cm long, and the hilt is 20-25 cm long, but the destructive power of this kind of sword is too small, so it is mainly used by ordinary soldiers. It is also for this reason that the hilt of a long sword is generally not decorated or has only a long oval counterweight ball.

King of one-handed weapons: knight sword

The knight sword is developed from a long sword and absorbs many characteristics of the Viking sword. 1 1 The special weapons for riding these knights appeared in the century: pike and kite shield. However, due to the use of shields and the manipulation of horses, the knight's long sword lost the value of both hands, and the narrow and thin long sword did not have enough destructive power to the chain mail, so the knight's special sword appeared. The blade of a knight's sword is an acute isosceles triangle with a length of 70 to 80 cm. The grip can only be held by one hand, and it has a large counterweight ball, which can give full play to the power of spikes in fighting, and is also the best choice when facing enemies standing on the ground or already falling to the ground. In the movie The Lord of the Rings, the knight sword is a weapon used by the knights of Lohan Kingdom. However, if you have to fight on foot, this kind of chopping is really bad ... so in the 12 century, broadsword and chopping sword were born.

Scottish Sword: Clemot

This sword is a pure infantry sword. People who have seen the movie Brave Heart should be deeply impressed by it: at least 1.5 meters in length, blunt head, wide and thin blade, and no front above the handle. Everything exists for "chopping". In the battle between the Scots and the English, in the face of England's neat spear infantry lineup, the knife method of "cutting one more" played a powerful role in melee. But as military equipment, it is too extreme; Therefore, except for some mercenaries, the knife method gradually lost its value.

Sword blade in stone: wide sword

The broadsword is a typical British weapon. Parallel blade, oval long head, wide blade body and hilt enough for both hands are very featureless weapons, but they can play a role in instant, step by step, self-defense in peacetime or water fighting, and have been the mainstream personal weapons from 1 1 to15th century. Legend has it that King Arthur's steel-cutting rapier Excaliber is also a broad sword. But in the 15th century, the gradually developed metallurgical technology gradually gave its place to Dajian.

The Great Bastard: Bastard Sword

/kloc-in the 5th century, advanced metallurgical technology from China and Japan was introduced to Europe through the spread of Arabs. Therefore, the problem of "killing two birds with one stone", which has puzzled soldiers and mercenaries for a long time, was solved by the appearance of the big sword. The word "bastard" appears in the name of the big sword because it has both the stab of the knight's sword, the chop of the sword and the slip of the broad sword. In fact, this sword is the most perfect; Shields can work whether they are used or not.

There is no uniform standard for a handy big sword. Generally speaking, the blade length is half of the user's height, and the handle length is one-third of the blade length, which is the best ratio (have you found it? In fact, this Japanese knife is also in line with this ratio for Japanese people whose ancient average height is about 155 cm); In the Battle of Rhodes, Parn's magic sword and Ashrum's broken soul sword were both big swords (but the broken soul in the novel was a two-handed sword), and so was The Lord of the Rings's Aragon's sword.

The Ultimate Puncture: Armor-piercing Sword (Estoc)

Just as the sword-splitting develops to the extreme to exert lethal force on light infantry equipped with chain mail, in the 14 and 15 centuries, with the popularization of big swords, the development of metallurgical technology also makes heavy sheet metal armor more solid, light and flexible. More and more knights and mercenaries are beginning to favor this practical and simple equipment (this kind of armor is much simpler than the chain mail woven by thousands of iron rings and even metal wires). And some wealthy knights also put sheet metal armor on the light lock armor to improve their defense. Even a sharp sword can't penetrate this armor, and the short spear of the infantry doesn't have such penetration, so there is another extreme.

Armor piercing sword and sword cutting are weapons of the same level. Actually, it's an enlarged awl. Regardless of the need of beheading, swords 90 to 100 cm long often have triangular, quadrilateral, rhombic or even circular cross-sections. Behind the hilt that can be used by both hands, there is often a counterweight ball similar to a short butt, which can increase the force of shoulder puncture.

Although a soldier in armor looks like a demon in armor, it is really a disadvantage in hand-to-hand combat. However, for the master who is really good at using it, it is extremely terrible to wear the sharp tip of the armor sword when waving at high speed. At this time, they will also use the prepared left-handed dagger to make a final blow to enemy time.

Hidden black boy: Main-Korcz

This dagger named "left hand" in French can be said to be designed for fencers. About 20 years old, friends who have seen the black-and-white movie "Revenge of the Prince" should remember that both sides took two swords in the final duel, right? In fact, the left-handed dagger is to make up for the fencing that pays attention to lightness and sacrifice defense. The most extreme example is the shield sword. There are also snakes and all kinds of weird designs with locks ... in short, auxiliary weapons. But it is also lethal when necessary.

Smooth and firm: small sword

In reality, the slender sword is the favorite weapon of German aristocrats, but in fantasy novel's world, it has become the favorite thing of elves and women. For example, DEEDLIT ... Of course, in ancient times, there were also many female mercenaries guarding important wives.

Although it is called "slimming", it is very different from the later special soldier Raiper (epee or foil in fencing competition). In fact, this should be a big sword redesigned for women or thin people. Although the blade is very narrow (as wide as the hilt), its slightly thicker ridge makes it destructive when held in both hands.

Because it has a lot of decorative space, many nobles who are confident in their physical strength favor it. Judging from the fact that Bordeaux is good at chopping in Dumas' three musketeers, he probably used the same weapon.

Light sword

Sword first appeared in France in15th century. Due to the gradual increase of urban population and the repair of roads, people's communication and daily life are safer and more convenient than before. Therefore, ordinary people do not need to wear armor and sabre when traveling, but sabre has become a symbol of masculinity in the martial western culture. Therefore, no matter the nobles or the people, as long as they can afford it, they will definitely wear swords. Even the sword has become a symbol of the difference between city people and country people. At the same time, the duel changed from wearing a helmet and armor to fighting with a thin sword. Even in costume design, swords are often regarded as a part of full-body clothing. From a certain point of view, the lightsaber is perhaps the most well-known western weapon in China.

German stab sword:

This one-handed sword was popular among Germans from 1375 to 1450, and it was a typical transitional type between knight sword and sword. This weapon was originally designed for light infantry and gradually accepted by the knight class. It has a beautiful and slender straight blade and a uniform shallow arc leading edge. While ensuring the puncture strength, it also ensures the chopping strength. Generally speaking, the total length is 4 1 3/8 inches, the blade length is 34 inches, the blade width is 1 7/8 inches and the blade thickness is 3/ 16 inches. Cutting can ensure enough destructive power and strength. And this weapon is quite light, only 3 pounds and 4 ounces. It can be seen from this that it is a weapon designed on the basis of step warfare. No damage to heavy armor, but easy to use. Compared with the big sword, which is often more than 4 feet and 9 kilograms, there is indeed a big gap, but it is the earliest design that combines "chop" with "stab", which has a great influence on the development of weapons in later generations.

Song of fire:

The original name of Flame Sword means "Blade of Flame" in German. As the name implies, this weapon has always been a symbol of the authority of German courts and courts from 15 to 17 century. Soldiers in robes hold two-handed flaming swords (Zweihand)

Flamberge) Like China's servant holding a fire and water stick, the Roman guards carry "fascism" on their shoulders, symbolizing the harsh and ruthless side of the law. The unarmed Swiss mercenaries who rush into each other's crossbows with burning swords, like the feared swordsmen in Scotland, are the most feared nightmares of unarmed or lightly armored soldiers. However, compared with fire and water sticks or fascism, which can not be used as a charge weapon, it may be a symbol of Germanic simplicity and pragmatism from this perspective. At that time, the first infantry on the European battlefield were often light infantry such as spearmen and musketeers, and even climbers from Switzerland and Germany. They charged with such huge and terrible weapons without armor protection at all. Mercenaries who walk like mountains and rivers can quickly tear open the first line of defense and directly expose the heavy infantry and heavy cavalry who have no time to charge before their own firepower and the sword of cavalry charge. The curved blade, which is very similar to the Malaysian Couriss sword, is a cruel and effective weapon for the defenseless body. It can cut deeper than a straight-edged sword, and it doesn't need strong waves perpendicular to the tangent plane like a machete. Direct wiping will cause deep wounds. This is a starting point with the serrated blade commonly used in German double-handed swords.

German two-handed sword (Zweihander):

German two-handed sword is very different from ordinary two-handed sword, which is generally called "big sword". Generally, the proportion of two-handed swords is the same as that of long swords or big swords. On the other hand, the blade of German double-handed sword is 4.5 feet, less than 3.5 feet. The most interesting thing is that the most common way to hold this huge slender weapon with a length of more than 6 feet and 2 inches is to hold the blade protected by wood in one hand and the upper part of the hilt in the other hand, so as to give full play to the hitting ability of the short blade and the slender and tough hilt in narrow places, and also to exert the power of slashing with both hands in the wild. However, unlike the giant sword that is usually used to deal with heavily armored soldiers, the target of this weapon is light infantry; It can be said that this is the most common weapon in the German peasant uprising, so it is often designed with a flame-shaped blade or zigzag. It's not so much a sword as a weapon closer to China's giant and Japanese's wild Taidao.

Scottish basket handle Clemot/broadsword:

After the Renaissance, on the basis of their national weapons, broadsword and broadsword, Scots absorbed the decoration of thin sword popular in Chinese mainland, miniaturized broadsword and broadsword slightly, and then woven cage hand (basket) with whole wire.

The hilt is wrapped around the armguard and lined with bright red Scottish woolen cloth. Not to mention practicality, at least those Scottish men wear gorgeous tight coats, feathered berets, red plaid skirts and stockings. These gorgeous swords become a beautiful landscape on them, making them look beaming and energetic. Scots have always been arrogant and aggressive. In those days, dueling was very common. Because there is no need to fight against armor, the swords in cages are almost all single-handed swords. The sword in cages with one hand and the small round shield with one hand were registered trademarks of Scottish men in duels. Of course, due to the design of chopping swords, these swords are still mainly chopped in duels. As a national weapon and ornament, until today, cage swords can be seen in various Scottish folk celebrations. The props of the traditional Scottish sword dance are precisely this gorgeous weapon that symbolizes the prosperity of this highland people. Just as cutting a sword is like a cross leading to freedom, the cage sword also has the meaning of a basket symbolizing harvest. Weapons in peacetime and weapons in wartime may also be clear at a glance.

Sword of War (Cid Sword):

Looking at the whole European continent, perhaps no nation likes splendor, extravagance and pride more than the Spanish. It seems that the character of the whole Spanish nation has been painted with thick red and black. It is this Spain that can be said that most of the magnificent and exaggerated things in the aristocratic society in Europe are fueled by the Spanish. Including the famous collar, rapier, shorts, fencing jacket, lace and so on. The popularity of all this is inseparable from the romantic knights in Spain. That's it. Spanish aristocrats have always scoffed at broad swords, giant swords and big swords. They are simple and capable in shape and far more functional than decorative ones, so they are called "barbarian weapons". Gentlemen in Spain are proud to wear short and gorgeous thin swords, even on the battlefield. However, when knights from other countries threw down their broken spears, pulled out their broadswords and began to throw themselves into the melee of meat grinders, creating a muddy whirlpool of death and blood centered on themselves, we gorgeous Spanish grandfathers were dumbfounded. A slender sword, let alone killing people, can't even commit suicide without taking off your armor. Noble and painful, maybe that's the man ... Finally, the Spanish knight who couldn't stand the passive beating compromised in the middle of16th century. But this doesn't mean that they are willing to enter the court like German knights, beating their boots with broadswords. The Spanish knight, who refused to give up gorgeous decoration anyway, after repeated hesitation, designed an epee with one hand on the thin hilt. This weapon with a forward center of gravity is extremely destructive on horseback, but it is very difficult to get used to using it. But at least Spanish knights, old and young, don't have to run away with their horses' necks after their spears are pierced. However, such weapons have made a large group of nobles, especially those who have nothing to do with the hard work on the battlefield, scoff. So this Spaniard, a romantic figure who loves to tell stories 1 1 century, a first-class romantic hero, Rodri Diaz and Sir Sid of Bival, claimed that this new weapon was modeled after two magic soldiers in Sid's hand, and called the unguarded one Tizona, which was used by infantry. The cavalry sword with armband is called Colada. This weapon is named after the legendary magic weapon. Generally speaking, Colada is thicker and longer than Tizena. Weighing between 8 and 9 pounds. On the other hand, Tizena's blade is similar in length to a broadsword and weighs 5 to 7 pounds. In Gustav's Swiss legion, armored cavalry from Finland also used similar weapons. But they honestly call it "war"

Thin sword ",but another nickname" Hakkapelis "is much more famous from their call sign in battle. The meaning of this word comes from their roar in the battle, "chop them into ribs!" " "I believe everyone guessed a thing or two.

Tizona

Keleda

Dress sword:

As the name implies, it is a ceremonial tool used to dress up and enter the DPRK. However, although the imperial court is resplendent and magnificent, it is also a place where conspiracy and assassination are always lurking. As a result, under the high-sounding dress, all kinds of self-defense equipment that are no less than a bloody battle are also emerging one after another. From the chain vest (chain

Shirts) to breastplates, from thin iron shirts to breastplates worn in robes. But it is inevitable to meet a few kind passers-by occasionally, holding you in the dark corner of the palace or on the podium or courtyard or on the way back and forth, and living a comfortable life. In the short period from the Great Revolution to the Glorious Revolution, English gentlemen have had enough of this threat and fear. In order to duel, the thin sword designed to prevent thieves can no longer give the gentleman a sense of security. Soldiers pin sabers on their waists, and civil servants design formal swords for themselves. A formal sword is a kind of reduced armor-piercing sword. It has a slender multi-edged blade and a disc-shaped hand guard. It is a complex action to abandon the rapier, ensuring the lethality of one shot and the destructive power enough to penetrate the light armor. This multi-blade design even influenced the design of bayonet for a long time. Have a plenty of thin swords and thick bodies. In addition to spikes, the power of sharp blades can also defeat light assassins. At the same time, the formal sword looks solemn and elegant. And English formal dress is very suitable. Give a person a kind of strict feeling. So it is also a common decoration on formal occasions. . Dueling with a formal sword is the object of epee imitation in modern fencing.

Imitate the official sword worn by Washington when he became the first president of the United States.

There are also imitations of Emperor Napoleon's daily sword.

It is the embodiment of two design styles.

Britain 1796 light cavalry saber

Emperor Napoleon's light cavalry saber

Symbol of sailors: Schimiter.

When it comes to machetes, everyone will think of Arab machetes. Yes, that's it. The design idea of Arab machete is very similar to that of European knight sword, which is designed for high-speed real-time combat; Moreover, the design of machetes actually takes into account that you can't wear heavy and solid metal armor in the desert. In Europe, where heavy armor prevails, machetes are not cheap at all on land ... so this is also the reason why machetes are popular in Russia, where sheet metal armor cannot be used because of the cold, and in the water battlefield dominated by leather armor. More importantly, machetes are more suitable for cutting cables than swords. ...

Europeans who are used to using big swords have also improved their machetes so that they can be used with both hands (although steel can't compare). Judging from the width of the blade, it can be divided into crescent blade, half moon blade and crescent blade, which correspond to big sword, wide sword and slimming sword respectively. There are also Cossack sabers that are very close to the prototype, as well as later sabers, wide-backed daggers for sailors and so on.

Strangely, in the fantasy world, many desert peoples with Arab shadows use European machetes. ...

machete

machete

Navy knives, machetes/hangers:

Since the Renaissance sailboats sailed across the calm Mediterranean and sailed to the vast and dangerous Atlantic Ocean, sailors were no longer satisfied with using the same weapons as the infantry on land. Although those heavy weapons have stood the test of thousands of years' war on land, they look like embarrassing bulls in China shops on the swaying narrow deck anyway. Therefore, sailors often only carry a dagger with a straight blade. In order to cut cables, they also need to bring axes and daggers for daily use. Sailors who are usually too busy to work alone naturally complain about this pile of scattered things.

However, after getting several Arab-style machetes from Muslim businessmen and pirates. The crew were pleasantly surprised to find that this thing was far more suitable for naval warfare than the dagger in their hands. At the same time, sabre is also very popular among light cavalry; After mixing these weapons, soon, a wide and thick arc knife was created by European weapons craftsmen. This kind of weapon used in melee is generally 60 to 75 cm long, with a slightly curved blade and a width of 3 to 4 cm. In addition to the double front at the tip of 10CM, the thick blade with blood grooves or tendons can be easily chopped out even if it is violently waved and chopped on the chain mail, which definitely has the power to relieve the enemy's combat effectiveness with a melee blow. Even the mainsail rope of a three-masted sailboat as thick as a human leg can split quickly and collide violently with each other in a sea battle, and the collision will not break, curl or twist as easily as a common thin-edged knife. It can be said that it is a very specialized dagger, which is used in light hand-to-hand combat.

Besides sailors, light infantry also like this kind of weapon. The slender saber has a short life, and often after several hard battles without time to rest, it becomes a fireplace bar that can only be used for stabbing. Whether it is new or worn, it is a thankless thing. So many musketeers and spearmen like to use this weapon. They call this weapon "clothes rack", which comes from the synonym of "knife" in Arabic. The biggest feature that distinguishes the navy from ordinary people is that the navy knife has a hemispherical or basket-shaped integral hand guard. However, the general short curved knife often has only one protective rib. The French infantry in Louis 14 era were heavily equipped with this weapon. It was not until the French Revolution that the Napoleonic era was replaced by the Indian saber, which was more suitable for land warfare. Until World War I, sailors from the United States and other countries were still equipped with naval knives. Today's naval knives are just one of the military etiquette decorations, but in the Mediterranean and Atlantic three or four hundred years ago, countless naval knives were shining with dazzling brilliance, writing the legend of that great sailing era, whether under the banner of kings or under the skeleton of pirates.

Standard navy knife

Straight-edged Navy Knife (Shawona)

Kopis (Kopis):

Kopis is a machete used by ancient Phoenicians and Greeks in naval battles, and it became very popular throughout the Mediterranean world. Kopis developed into a riding knife in the East, called Kora. These two kinds of knives are inverted-edged, which are specially used for chopping things; These weapons combine the advantages of axe and knife, which can not only exert the destructive power of heavy head, but also have the advantages of long effective killing range and flexible use of knife.

Kopis

Jian Lian

-other kinds-

Saber: It is generally believed that it was developed from a thin sword, and it was rarely used in actual combat in the Middle Ages (by the17th century, the big sword was equipped with muskets, and the saber was just an ordinary daily sword and duel weapon, which was equivalent to a modern civil pistol). It was not until the Napoleonic era that it entered the battlefield because of the decline of armor. It's true, the armored cavalry team equipped with sabers is very spectacular ... generally, the total length is 90 to 100 cm, and the handle has armguards, single blades and some have a certain curvature. Convenient to chop and kill.

Dagger: not for actual combat ... not really ... it is usually used for self-defense or cutting armor belt in an emergency ... usually a knife.

Short (short)

Sword) Well ... since the appearance of metal armor, few people use it ... thieves? Good ... many people like it outside the battlefield ... but what is more exaggerated is that the two-handed wide-edged dagger with a handle of 20 cm and a blade of 40 cm ... is to delay the time when the main weapon can't be released.

Two-handed sword

Sword): a large chopping weapon mainly used by both hands, with a thickness of about 1.5 cm, a length of 160 cm and a handle of 40 cm. There is a 30 cm non-positive part near the hand guard on the blade. There are blood grooves, usually with multiple decorative protrusions. Actually, it's not heavy, only about five kilograms. The author's two-handed sword can be easily waved by people with little wrist strength. Two-handed swords are often not very sharp After all, for it, destructive power is much more important than lethality.

In addition, I would like to mention another kind of sword: Gladius, which absorbed the advantages of Spanish swords during the Second Punic War and has been the special equipment of Roman soldiers for centuries. This kind of sword exists entirely for infantry phalanx: when soldiers of both sides fight with shields, swords are more convenient than spears used by heavy infantry in the Greek world. In the Battle of Piedra, Roman soldier gladys cut Macedonian soldiers out of the water after breaking through the seven-meter-long and extremely horrible Macedonian phalanx wall. Now you can buy genuine Gladius from thousands of years ago (generally about 1000 yuan), and it is still well preserved; China's sword, specially made for the emperor, is still preserved today, but gladiolus is a measure product, which shows the level of making this sword.

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