The full name of Sikuquanshu is Qin Ding Sikuquanshu, which is a large-scale series compiled during the Qianlong period of Qing Dynasty. Under the auspices of Emperor Qianlong of Qing Dynasty, it was compiled by more than 360 senior officials and scholars, including Ji Yun, and copied by more than 3,800 people. It took 13 years to compile. It is divided into four parts: Jing, Shi, Zi and Ji, hence the name "Four Ku". According to Wen Jin Ge Ji, * * contains 3,462 kinds of books, including 79,338 volumes, more than 36,000 volumes and about 800 million words? . The scale is three and a half times that of Yongle Grand Ceremony.
The first draft was completed in the 47th year of Qianlong (1782) and the 57th year of Qianlong (1792). Emperor Qianlong ordered seven copies of Sikuquanshu to be hidden all over the country. The first four volumes are kept in Wen Yuan Pavilion of the Forbidden City, Wenshui Pavilion of Shenyang, Liaoning, Wen Yuan Pavilion of Yuanmingyuan and Jinwen Pavilion of Chengde, Hebei, which is the so-called "North Fourth Pavilion". These three copied parts are kept in Wen Hui Pavilion in Yangzhou, Wenzong Pavilion in Zhenjiang and Wen Lan Pavilion in Hangzhou, which is the so-called "South Three Pavilions".
Sikuquanshu, the largest cultural project in ancient China, made the most systematic and comprehensive summary of China's classical culture and presented the knowledge system of China's classical culture. Sikuquanshu is the richest and most complete integrated work of China traditional culture. China's literature, history, philosophy, science, engineering, agriculture, medicine, almost all disciplines can find the source and blood.
Extended data:
Historical background
Cultural origin
The continuation and development of traditional scholarship itself also urgently requires the catalogue works at that time to undertake the responsibility of "distinguishing chapters and studying the origin of mirrors" China's scholarship, which mainly focuses on Confucian classics, has experienced a development process of nearly two thousand years. It needs to be properly evaluated from Confucian classics in Han Dynasty, metaphysics in Wei and Jin Dynasties, Buddhism in Sui and Tang Dynasties, Neo-Confucianism in Song and Ming Dynasties to Sinology in Qing Dynasty.
Since Sikuquanshu includes all the records of ancient books before Qianlong, it is duty-bound to summarize the traditional scholarship, because the traditional bibliography only sorts the ancient books according to a certain system, and then reflects the history of academic development through the literature records themselves, classification, cataloging and sorting. Therefore, sorting out ancient books, summing up and judging traditional scholarship has become an important task for the compilers of Sikuquanshu, and the General Catalogue of Sikuquanshu came into being.
spirit of the times
Before the revision of Si Shu, the publishing industry was highly developed, the classics were fully accumulated, the collection of books was flourishing, and the work of document collation was carried out in an all-round way, and Sinology became the mainstream style of study. Under the style of study of the times, scholars need to read a large number of books and many complete original works to quote materials and textual research on academic origins. It is time to consciously review and summarize the western learning that has entered China since the end of Ming Dynasty, so as to guide people to understand western learning and establish western learning policies. In this case, a larger-scale action is needed to thoroughly and comprehensively summarize academic culture, and the government must personally preside over this task. The emperor Qianlong, with good cultural accomplishment and brilliant talent, hopes to surpass his predecessors, and he himself is fully capable of judging and regulating culture. [5]?
The emperor himself
In the mid-Qianlong period, after 100 years of efforts, the Qing Dynasty showed a prosperous scene. The demand of ideological and academic culture, the guarantee of political economy, the personal preference of Qianlong and the voice of academic circles made the traditional book compilation of China in the prosperous times show great charm at this time, which gave birth to the situation of compiling big books again after Shun. The grandeur of the prosperous times needs a huge system to enrich it, and the Qing government also needs to complete the mission left by the times.
On the surface, the book revision of Siku mainly comes from three aspects. First, in the late Ming Dynasty, Zhou Yongnian once again advocated Confucianism and Tibetan theory from Cao Xuequan, and advocated collecting Confucian books and standing with Buddhism and Taoism. Second, Qianlong wrote the governor's suicide note and sent it to the capital. The third is to invite Wang to run the Yongle ceremony and compile it. But in fact, it is the need of the development of academic culture to the summary period and the result of the joint efforts of academics and politics. Of course, it can't be ignored that Qianlong wants to surpass the achievements of his parents and grandparents in writing books, especially his grandfather's private intention of "integrating ancient and modern books".
main content
The content of Sikuquanshu is very rich. According to the content classification, it is divided into four parts: classic, history, children and collection. There are categories under subordinates, and there are genera under categories. The book consists of 4 parts, 44 categories and 66 genera.
Confucian Thirteen Classics and related works are collected by the Confucian Classics Department, including the Book of Changes, Books, Poems, Rites, Spring and Autumn Period, Filial Piety, Five Classics, Four Books, Music, Primary School, etc. 10, among which Rites are divided into six categories: Zhou Rites, Rites, Rites, Three Rites, General Rites and Miscellaneous Rites.
There are 15 categories of historical books collected by the History Department, including official history, chronology, miscellaneous history, other history, imperial edicts, biographies, historical notes, records, seasons, geography, official positions, political books, catalogues and historical reviews, among which imperial edicts are divided into imperial edicts and imperial edicts. Geographical points 10 genus, namely, Gongshu, Tongzhi, Dujun, rivers, frontier defense, mountains and rivers, historical sites, miscellaneous notes, travel notes and external notes; Officials are divided into two genera, namely, official system and official admonition; Political books are divided into six genera, namely, general system, etiquette system, national planning, military and political affairs, regulations and examinations; The catalogue is divided into two categories: classic and epigraphy.
The Ministry has a collection of hundreds of works and books, in the category of 14, including Confucianism, military strategists, legalists, farmers, doctors, astronomical algorithms, astrology, art, music records, miscellaneous books, novelists, Buddhists and Taoists. Among them, astronomical algorithms belong to two genera, and astrology belongs to two categories. Art is divided into four genera: calligraphy and painting, piano music, seal cutting and acrobatics; Music records are divided into three genera: utensils, recipes, plants, animals, insects and fish; Miscellaneous categories are divided into six genera: miscellaneous studies, miscellaneous tests, miscellaneous stories, miscellaneous articles, miscellaneous compilation and miscellaneous compilation; Novelists are divided into three genera: chores, anecdotes and trivial stories.
Poetry collection includes poetry collections and special collections, including Chu Ci, Bieci, anthology, poetry criticism, lyrics and songs. Among them, the lyrics and songs also belong to five genera, namely, word segmentation set, word selection, thorn, word spectrum and rhyme, and North and South songs. In addition to Zhang Hui's novels and dramas, the above categories basically include all kinds of books popular in society. As far as the author is concerned, it includes the works of women, monks, Taoist priests, eunuchs, soldiers, emperors and foreigners.
compilers
Employees: Aisingiorro Yan Yong, Aisingiorro Yongxuan, Aisingiorro Yan Yong, Liu Tongxun, Liu Lun, Shu Hede, Agui, Yu Minzhong, Lian Ying, Cheng Jingyi, Ji Huang, Fu Longan, Xiao Shenyang, Cai Xin, Qiu Yuexiu and Wang Jihua.
Vice President (65,438+00), Cao Xiuxian, Liu Yong, Peng, Jin Jian, Cao, Qian Rucheng and Shen Chu.
Chief readers (15): Debao, Huang Zhou, Zhuang Cunyu, Wang Tingyu, Xie Yong, Da Chun, Hu Gaowang, Wang Yongxi, Jin, Yin Zhuangtu, Li Shoudou, Guang Ding, Ni Chengkuan, Li and Zhu Gui.
Editor-in-Chief (3 persons): Ji Yun (), Lu and Sun Shiyi.
Chief School Officer (1) Land Fee Field
Imperial academy officials (22), Zhu, Liu Xituo, Bai Ling, Song, Xiao, Dechang, Yuan Cao Cheng, Rui Bao, Chen Chongben, Wu Tai, Yun Chang, Zhang Baochuan, Feng Yingliu and Sun Yongqing.
Wu Yingdian was transferred as an official (9 persons): Liu, Peng Shaoguan, Chang Ying, Liu Zhongzhi, Wei Qianheng, Peng Yuanxun, Wu Yude, Guan Huai and Zhou Xingdai.
Baidu encyclopedia-sikuquanshu