Hua, a modern mathematician in China. 19101012 was born in Jintan county, Jiangsu province. 1June 1985 12 died in Tokyo, Japan. After graduating from junior high school, Hua 1924 studied in Shanghai China Vocational School for less than one year. He dropped out of school because of his poor family. He studies mathematics hard. 1930 He published an article on solving algebraic equations in Science, which attracted the attention of experts. He was invited to work in Tsinghua University and began to study number theory. 1934, became a researcher of China Education and Culture Foundation. 1936 went to Cambridge University as a visiting scholar. 1938 returned to China and was employed by Professor The National SouthWest Associated University. 1946 was invited by the Institute of Advanced Studies in Princeton, Soviet Union as a researcher and taught at Princeton University. From 65438 to 0948, he was a professor at the University of Illinois.
After returning to China from 65438 to 0950, he successively served as Professor Tsinghua University, Head and Vice President of the Department of Mathematics of China University of Science and Technology, Director of the Institute of Mathematics of China Academy of Sciences, Director of the Institute of Applied Mathematics of China Academy of Sciences and Vice President of China Academy of Sciences. Hua is also a member of the first, second, third, fourth and fifth sessions of the NPC Standing Committee and vice chairman of the National Committee of the Sixth China People's Political Consultative Conference.
Hua is an internationally famous mathematician. He has made outstanding contributions in a wide range of mathematical fields, such as analytic number theory, matrix geometry, theory of multiple complex variables and partial differential equations. Because of his contribution, many theorems, lemmas, inequalities and methods are named after him. In order to promote the optimization method, Hua personally led a small team to 27 provinces to promote the application of mathematical methods for more than 20 years, which achieved obvious economic and social benefits and made great contributions to China's economic construction.
Chen Jingrun doesn't like going to the park or shopping, but he likes studying. When I study, I often forget to eat and sleep.
One day, Chen Jingrun touched his head during lunch. Oh, his hair is too long. He should get a haircut quickly, or people will think he is a girl when they see him. So he left work and ran to the barber shop.
There are so many people in the barber shop that everyone cuts their hair next to each other. Chen Jingrun's brand is the small brand number 38. He thought it was too early for me to turn now. Time is so precious that I can't waste it. He hurried out of the barber shop, found a quiet place to sit down, then took out a small notebook from his pocket and recited new words in a foreign language. He recited it for a while and suddenly remembered that when he was reading a foreign language in the morning, there was one place he didn't understand. You must understand what you don't understand. This is Chen Jingrun's temper. He looked at his watch. It's only half past twelve. He thought: check in the library first, and then come back for a haircut. He stood up and left. Who knows, not long after he left, it was his turn to get a haircut. The barber's uncle shouted, "Number 38! Who is number thirty-eight? Come and get a haircut! " Think about it. Chen Jingrun is reading in the library. Can he hear the barber's uncle calling number 38?
After a long time, Chen Jingrun found something he didn't understand in the library, and then went to the barber shop happily. But he passed by the foreign language reading room, and there were all kinds of new books, which were really nice. He ran in and read another book. It was not until the sun went down that he remembered to cut his hair. As soon as he touched his pocket, the little sign No.38 was still lying well. But what's the use of his coming to the barber shop? This number is outdated.
As soon as Chen Jingrun entered the library, it was like falling into a honey pot, and he couldn't bear to leave. Yes, another day, Chen Jingrun had breakfast, took two steamed buns and a pickle, and went to the library.
Chen Jingrun found the quietest place in the library and read carefully. He stayed until noon and felt a little hungry, so he took out a steamed bun from his pocket and was still reading while eating.
"Ding Lingling ..." The bell rang, and the librarian shouted, "It's time to get off work, please leave the library!" The somebody else all gone, but Chen Jingrun didn't hear, or 1 vigorously in reading.
The librarian thought that everyone had left the library, so he locked the library door and went home.
Time passed quietly and it was getting dark. Chen Jingrun looked out of the window and said to himself, What a strange weather it is today! It's sunny for a while and cloudy for a while. He pulled down the switch wire of the light and sat down to read. Watching, he suddenly stood up. It turned out that he read a book all day and began to understand. Now, he will go back to the dormitory and continue to do the problems he left unfinished yesterday.
Chen Jingrun put the book away and went out. The library is quiet and there is no sound. Hey, where's the janitor? Why doesn't anyone come to read? Chen Jingrun looked at his watch. Ah, it's past eight o'clock in the evening. He pushed open the locked door; He shouted at the door: "Please open the door! Please open the door! " But no one answered.
In normal times, Chen Jingrun will go back to his seat and continue reading until the next morning. But, not today! He's going back to the dormitory to do that unfinished problem!
He went to the telephone and called the office. But there was no answer, only a beep. He dialed this number several times, but no one answered. What shall we do? At this moment, he remembered the secretary of the Party Committee and dialed the telephone immediately.
Chen Jingrun? The party secretary was surprised when he received the phone call. He was overjoyed, looked into it and said with a smile, "Chen Jingrun! Chen Jingrun! You have worked hard, you are really a good comrade. "
The party secretary immediately sent some comrades to the librarian. The door of the library opened and Chen Jingrun said to the librarian, "I'm sorry! I'm sorry! Thank you, thank you! " As he spoke, he ran down the stairs and returned to his dormitory.
He turned on the light and set about solving the problem at once.
The story of mathematicians Archimedes
Archimedes (287 BC ~ 265438 BC+02 BC+02 BC) was born in a noble family in Syracuse, and his father was an astronomer. Under the influence of his father, Asmid was fond of learning, thinking and arguing since childhood. When I grew up, I traveled across the ocean to study in Alexandria, Egypt. He learned philosophy, mathematics, astronomy, physics and other knowledge from Conon of Samos, a student of the famous scientist Euclid at that time, and finally learned from others and mastered the rich Greek cultural heritage.
After returning to Syracuse, he insisted on keeping in touch with scholars in Alexandria and exchanging scientific research results. He inherited the rigor of Euclid's proof theorem, but his intelligence and achievements were far higher than Euclid's. He closely linked mathematical research with mechanics and mechanics, and used mathematics to study practical problems such as mechanics. Protecting mechanical giants and trebuchets in the battle of Syracuse is the most vivid example, which strongly proves the truth that knowledge is power.
During his study in Alexandria, he often walked along the Nile. In the season of long drought and no rain, he saw farmers laboriously pumping water from the Nile to irrigate the land, so he created a spiral water pump to take water from the river through spiral rotation, which saved farmers a lot of effort. Not only used today, but also the original prototype of all propellers used on water and in the air at present.
Archimedes elaborated on the principle of lever in his book On Lever (unfortunately lost). King Syracuse once doubted the power of leverage. He asked Archimedes to move a new three-masted ship full of heavy objects and passengers. Archimedes asked craftsmen to install a set of exquisitely designed pulleys and levers on the front, back, left and right sides of the ship. Archimedes told 100 people to grab a rope in front of the big ship. He asked the king to pull a rope, and the ship actually slipped slowly into the sea. The crowd cheered, and the king announced happily in public: "From now on, I ask everyone to believe Asmid no matter what they say!" " "
Archimedes once said: Give me a small fulcrum and put a lever, and I can move the earth. If Archimedes had a place to stand, could he really move the earth? Maybe I can. But according to scientists' calculation, if there are corresponding conditions, Archimedes' lever must be 88× 102 1 mile long! Of course, this is impossible at present.
What fascinated and admired Archimedes most was that Archimedes discovered a basic scientific principle from the case that intelligence broke the golden crown.
The king asked the goldsmith to make a new pure gold crown. But he suspected that the goldsmith had adulterated the gold crown. However, from the point of view of weight and appearance, there is nothing wrong with the finished crown. The king handed this difficult problem to Archimedes.
Archimedes thought about this problem day and night. One day, he went to the bathhouse to take a bath. When he sat down in the bathhouse slowly, the water overflowed from the basin. He looked at the overflowing water and suddenly shouted, "I know!" " "I ran home naked. It turned out that he had come up with a way.
Archimedes put the golden crown in a jar full of water, and some water overflowed. He picked up the crown, filled it with water, put a piece of gold as heavy as the crown into the water, and some water overflowed. He compared two kinds of water and found that the first one overflowed more than the second one. So he decided to mix the gold crown with silver. After the experiment, he worked out the weight of silver. The goldsmith was stunned when he announced his discovery.
The significance of this experiment is far greater than finding out that the goldsmith cheated the king. Archimedes discovered the principle that the weight of an object in a liquid is equal to the weight of the liquid he discharged. This principle is named after Archimedes. Until modern times, people are still using this principle to measure the ship's load.
In 2 15 BC, Roman general Maceiras led a large army and brought warships to the historic city of Syracuse. Maceiras thinks Syracuse Gu Chenghui Jr. is self-defeating. Hearing the great reputation of the Roman army, the people in the city did not surrender in Kaesong?
However, the question and answer of the Roman army was a series of terrible darts, arrows and stones. The small shields of the Romans could not resist countless stones, large and small. They were killed and ran for their lives.
Suddenly, countless giant crane-type mechanical giants protrude from the city wall. They grabbed Roman warships, hung them in mid-air, and finally threw them on rocks by the sea, or threw them heavily into the sea. The ship was wrecked and people died. Maceiras was lucky not to get hurt, but he was frightened. He completely lost his pride when he first came and became confused. Finally, we had to order a retreat and sail the boat to a safe place.
The Roman army suffered heavy casualties and was stunned by the ancient Syracuse. But where are the enemies? They can't even find a shadow.
Maceiras finally said with emotion to the soldiers around him: "How? In the face of this geometric giant with hundreds of hands, we have to give up fighting. He threw our warships as a game. In a flash, he threw so many darts, arrows and stones at us. Isn't he better than the mythical giant with a hundred hands? "
Archimedes, who is over 70 years old, is a world-famous great scientist. He used levers, pulleys, cranks, screws and gears to defend the ancient city of Sila. He not only used manpower to start the machine for projecting darts, arrows and stone bullets, but also used wind and water power, and used knowledge about balance and center of gravity, curves and the use of force from a distance. No wonder Maceiras easily found the reason for his fiasco. That night, Maceiras approached the city wall overnight. He thinks Asmid's machine can't work. Unexpectedly, Asmid had already prepared short-distance instruments such as trebuchets, and forced back the Roman army's attack again. The Romans were scared to death. When they saw the wooden beam or rope on the wall, they ran away screaming, "Archimedes is coming."
According to legend, Archimedes also used the sunlight gathered by parabolic mirrors to illuminate Roman ships that invaded Syracuse and set them on fire. Many ships in Rome were burned, but the Romans could not find the cause of the fire. More than 900 years later, a scientist made a concave mirror according to Archimedes' method introduced in history books. He successfully set wood 45 meters away from the mirror and melted aluminum 42 meters away from the mirror. Therefore, many historians of science and technology usually regard Archimedes as the ancestor of human utilization of solar energy.
Maceiras was repeatedly attacked when it attacked Syracuse. In desperation, he left the sea near Syracuse with his fleet. They cut off the city from the outside world by encircling but not attacking. Three years later, they took advantage of the carelessness of the residents and finally occupied the ancient city of Sila in 2 12 BC. Maceiras admired Archimedes' cleverness, ordered him not to get hurt, and sent a soldier to invite him. At this time, Archimedes didn't know that the gate had been broken, but he still stared at the geometry on the chessboard. When the soldier's sword pointed at him, he covered the board with his body and shouted, "Don't touch my figure!" " "He asked to prove the principle before he left, but he angered the reckless and ignorant soldier. He stabbed the 75-year-old scientist to death with his sword. Maceiras flew into a rage. He executed the soldier, comforted Archimedes' relatives, held a memorial service for him and built a mausoleum. Archimedes was honored as "the God of Mathematics" by later mathematicians. Among the three most important mathematicians in human history, Archimedes is the first, and the other two are Newton and Gauss.