Answer Sima Jian Yishu 1 Excellent Teaching Plan I. Teaching purpose:
1, can understand the meaning of sentences and accumulate the meaning and usage of some commonly used classical Chinese words.
2. Being able to grasp the main points of the article and explore teaching design >; Information contained in the article.
Second, the difficulties in teaching:
Focus: The author's answers to four questions in the implementation of the reform.
Difficulties: There are some classical Chinese pleasantries in the article.
Third, teaching ideas
1, dredge the text first, and then use the way of classroom discussion and learning to understand the opposition and obstruction of Wang Anshi's political reform.
2. By understanding the differences of word order between ancient and modern Chinese, we can master some rules of reading simple classical Chinese.
Fourth, the schedule:
The second class hour
Teaching process and content of verb (abbreviation of verb);
first kind
First, import the text.
In A.D. 1069, Song Shenzong appointed Wang Anshi for political reform, but many scholars opposed it. Today, we will study Wang Anshi's "Answering Sima's Suggestions", from which we can know the resistance Wang Anshi suffered in carrying out the political reform and the reasons for his final failure.
Two. Brief introduction of the author
Wang Anshi, a character festival, was born in Linchuan in his later years. He was once known as Jing Guogong and Wang in the world, and was buried after his death, also known as Wang Wengong. He was a famous politician in the Northern Song Dynasty. He served as prime minister twice and insisted on political reform, which is known as Wang Anshi's political reform in history. Lenin called him "1 1 the reformer of China in the century". Wang Anshi is also a famous writer. He is one of the eight masters in Tang and Song Dynasties. He has made unique achievements in poetry, ci and prose. He advocated that writing should be "complementary to the world" and "application-oriented". He is the author of Collected Works of Mr. Linchuan and Poems of Wang.
Three. background introduction
During the Song Shenzong period in the Northern Song Dynasty, class contradictions and ethnic contradictions were unprecedentedly acute, and internal affairs and diplomacy were difficult. As a political governor, Wang Anshi was determined to reform and implement the new law, which was strongly opposed by the conservative forces represented by Sima Guang. Sima Guang wrote to Wang Anshi in the third year of JaeHee Ning (1070) and spared no effort to attack the new law. Wang Anshi immediately replied to a short reply, and then wrote this letter as a reply, indicating his determination to reform.
Fourth, the solution to the problem
"Answer" means "reply, reply". The word "remonstrance" refers to the official position of "remonstrance doctor". Therefore, the word "Fu Sima Guang's admonition" cannot be understood as "Fu Sima Guang's admonition".
Verb (abbreviation of verb) Please listen to the recording of the text.
Listen to the tape first, then the students read silently.
Sixth, the text is smooth.
key word
A: The author used it instead of his own name in the draft letter. Kaiming: Thank you for your guidance.
Steal: modest words, in private, on behalf of "I" fuck: fuck.
Art: the way of governing the country, political views. Force an explanation Noisy, noisy, noisy, there are many words here.
Abbreviation: brief. Report: reply.
Reflection: rethinking. Meet: treat.
Thick: generous. Repeatedly: write back.
Reckless: Hasty and rude. Forgive me: forgive me.
Name and reality: name and reality. Master: Emperor.
Invasion of officials: adding new officials and infringing on the powers of the original officials. Cause trouble: cause trouble to disturb the people.
Levy profits: search for money and compete with the people for profits. Refuse to give advice: not accepting other people's opinions.
Promotion: execution. Exclude or refute.
Everyone: traitor, traitor. Refers to a person who flatters and does not follow the right path. Solid: Originally.
Get used to it: get used to it. T-shirt: Think about it.
Aggressiveness: the sound of waves. This refers to the voice against the new law.
Petty resentment: mutual resentment. More refers to people's resentment against the world. Xu, mutual way. Fett: Not just. Pat just ...
Degree (dù): planning, advocating. Degree (duó): Consider.
Ointment: for welfare. Do nothing: do nothing.
Dare to know: Dare to learn. Know, learn and accept. By: chance, opportunity.
No: invincible. Just: sincere feelings. Yearning: Admiration to the extreme.
Seven, the structure of the text (paragraph level)
The full text is divided into four paragraphs.
Paragraph 1: This paragraph mainly expounds the reason and purpose of writing this letter. Because there are differences between them, I am writing to express my position and attitude.
The second paragraph: the key part of the full-text rebuttal. The author refutes the conservative fallacy from the standpoint of "justified, the world is justified", which shows that he insists on political reform.
The third paragraph: further clarify my position and attitude and ask me to stop doing these things and stick to what my predecessor did. This is what I dare to learn.
Second lesson
I. Discussion on this issue
1. Why did Wang Anshi write this letter?
Because Sima Guang wrote a long letter criticizing Wang Anshi's political reform, Wang Anshi wrote this letter to defend himself.
2. What is the meaning of "skills" in "your skills are different"?
"Shu" refers to the way of governing the country and political opinions held by the two men.
3. How did Sima Guang accuse Wang Anshi?
Accusing Wang Anshi of political reform is "invading officials and making troubles, and refusing to remonstrate by taking profits."
4. What is the understanding of the second paragraph?
In this passage, the author refutes Sima Guang's accusations one by one with a sharp pen. At the beginning, I put forward a truth recognized by both sides, "The name is justified, but the world is justified." Provide the reasoning premise for the following "name correction". Then he refutes the charges imposed on himself one by one, and shows Wang Anshi's demeanor as a politician and reformer with four unquestionable sentences: "Not for …".
5. What is the understanding of paragraph 3?
This paragraph can be divided into three levels. The first layer points out the current situation, emphasizing that the emperor should change this situation and "help the needy" regardless of everyone's opposition, and then add an unquestionable conclusion with a rhetorical question. The second layer uses the fact that Pan Geng moved the capital to illustrate the correctness of his new law and enhance the persuasiveness. The third layer consists of two hypothetical sentences, the content retreats, and the former one retreats, which makes the rebuttal of the latter one softer and firmer.
6. What is the understanding of paragraph 4?
At the end of the paper, say some polite pleasantries.
7. What is the role of the historical event "Pan Geng Migration" mentioned by the author in the article?
In order to illustrate the firmness and correctness of implementing the new law. Hugging: The examples quoted in this paper are usually used to demonstrate what they have elaborated.
8. From what sentence in the text, can you see that Wang Anshi had long anticipated the antipathy caused by the political reform?
Then you'll know before you fix it.
Second, practice consolidation.
(a) Paragraph level
1, paragraph 1: the author is explained.
2. Paragraph 2: Refute the words,, and in the letter.
3. The third paragraph: Analyze those who dislike and vilify the new law, and express their dissatisfaction with the conservative ideas of literati and literati.
4. Paragraph 4: The conventional language of the letter constitutes the structure of the whole text.
Reference answer:
1, reason 2, invading official students, refusing to remonstrate for profit, causing resentment.
It is a rule that the opposition has no sympathy for the country. Step 4 end rigidity
(2) Word removal
1, add some words.
(1), the operation is different, so it is also () (2). Rereading Meng Jun's Experience ()
(3), Harmony with the World () (4), Exorcism () [Source: Xue, Ke, Wang]
⑤. Therefore, it is omitted (). ⑤. Therefore, this is the way of ().
⑦. Take the administration of the former king () ⑧. Don't care about national affairs ().
2. Translate the following sentences in modern Chinese.
(1), operation for many different reasons.
(2), justified, justified.
(3) as for hatred and condescension, it is a matter of knowing before and feeling after.
Reference answer:
1, ① Be generous, ③ Understand, ④ Reject, refute, ⑧ Simple, ⑧ Detailed, ⑧ Consider.
2. The views held are quite different.
(2) Knowing the name and reality, then the truth of the world will be understood.
As for so many people's resentment and curses, I knew in advance that this would happen.
Third, writing characteristics
Be concise. Faced with the accusations of conservatives, the author said, "We have known for a long time." "If you say that today, when everything is idle, you just do what you used to do, it is beyond someone's knowledge." There is a kind of self-confidence between the lines.
Central statement: This paper refutes Sima Guang's accusation from several aspects, thus refuting the unkindness and ruthlessness of conservatives on state affairs and showing their firm attitude.
Writing reference: This article is structured and clear. First of all, I explained the reason for writing a letter, using euphemism; Then make a reasonable argument, which is well-founded and easy to explain; Finally, show your attitude without losing the talent to reply. The full text is clear and structured, and students need to learn from it.
Fourth, the teaching design of blackboard writing > design
Verb (abbreviation of verb) translation reference
My statement: Thank you for your letter yesterday. Privately, I think you and I are old friends, but when discussing things, we often have differences because of different views. Although I tried to explain it, I thought that I would not understand it after all, so I wanted to simply write down this reply and stop defending myself one by one. I also don't think you should write in a hurry, because you attach great importance to me. So now explain in detail why I did this, I hope you can forgive me.
What ordinary scholars have to contend with is whether the name is consistent with the reality. When the name is clear, the truth of the world will be understood. Now, what you taught me is regarded as infringing on authority, disturbing people's lives, robbing money and refusing to give advice, which has aroused resentment and curses all over the world. But I think: accepting the emperor's will, discussing the legal system in the court, amending it and handing it over to the competent officials for execution are not considered ultra vires; It is not a breeding ground to carry out the decrees of ancient wise monarchs and promote the advantages and eliminate the disadvantages; Managing money for the country is not looking for money; Refuting fallacies and treacherous people does not mean refusing to make suggestions. As for so many hates and curses, I knew it would happen in advance.
People are used to muddling along, not for a day or two. Most officials, big or small, regard it as the best policy not to care about state affairs, follow the crowd and please everyone. The emperor wants to change this situation, and I don't estimate the number of political opponents, and I want to help the emperor beat them, so how can they not be aggressive? When Pan Geng moved to the capital, people hated it, not just officials in the imperial court. Pan Geng didn't change his plan because of people's antipathy. I don't see any regret in acting after reasonable consideration. If you blame me for my long reign and I can't help the emperor to do many things that make the people happy, then I admit my sin; If I shouldn't do anything now, but stick to the rules, it's not what I dare to learn.
Without the opportunity to meet you, I can't help but admire you to the extreme from my heart.
Six, teaching postscript
"Answering Sima's Suggestions" Excellent Lesson 2 Lesson 1
learning target
1. With the help of reference books, you can read the text smoothly.
2. Be able to understand the meaning of sentences and accumulate the meaning and usage of some commonly used classical Chinese words.
3. Be able to grasp the main points of the article and explore the information contained in the article.
Important and difficult
1. Key point: Understand the meaning of sentences and accumulate the meaning and usage of some commonly used classical Chinese words.
2. Difficulties: Grasp the main points of the article and explore the information contained in the article.
Text prompt
1. "Book" is an ancient style, that is, letters. Ancient people wrote letters with many topics, indicating who to write to. The themes of most letters are "newspapers … books", "books related to …", "books related to …" and "books related to …". The title of "Answering Sima's remonstrance" means: a letter to Sima's remonstrance doctor.
2. Wang Anshi, a writer and politician in Song Dynasty. When Wang Anshi was in power, he carried out political reforms. In this political reform, the reformists represented by Wang Anshi fought fiercely with the conservatives represented by Sima Guang. Through this article, we can still appreciate the smoke of angry words at that time.
Pronunciation and spelling
Complain (bàng) is difficult (nàn) is petty (xū) and Pan Geng (gēng) meets (wù).
read a text
1. From the text, why did Wang Anshi carry out this political reform?
People are "used to getting along"; Scholars "don't care about state affairs" and "flatter others with customs"; Go to "Want to change this".
2. What happened when the political reform was implemented? What does Sima Guang think is the reason for this situation?
When the political reform was carried out, the world was full of complaints; Everyone is "angry".
Sima Guang believes that this was caused by Wang Anshi's "invasion of officials and troubles, and refusal to remonstrate when he was in political reform".
3. What does the article mean by "invading officials and making trouble, demanding profits and refusing to remonstrate"?
"Invading officials, making troubles, extorting profits, and refusing to remonstrate" specifically means: "At the behest of people, discuss and amend the law in the imperial court in order to divide it"; "Take the administration of the former king, promote the advantages and eliminate the disadvantages"; "Managing money for the world"; "Said to ward off evil spirits, difficult to nonyl people.
Brief analysis of the text
When Wang Anshi was prime minister, in order to restrain the expansion of powerful forces and enhance national strength, with the support of Song Shenzong, he carried out a series of political reform measures, which was strongly opposed by conservative forces. As its representative, Sima Guang wrote to Wang Anshi three times, attacking the political reform and demanding the restoration of the old system. This article is Wang Anshi's reply to Sima Guang and his colleagues.
This article is written in the form of letters to refute. The article lists all kinds of accusations made by Sima Guang, and then in view of Sima Guang's accusation that "he invaded the official, made an insurrection, demanded profits, and refused to remonstrate, so that the world complained and slandered", the author first retorted point by point that "it was the people's destiny, and the court revised the statutes in order to enfeoffment him, not to invade the official; Take the former king's administration, promote advantages and eliminate disadvantages, and not make a living; Managing money for the world is not for profit; To ward off evil spirits, it is difficult to blame others, not to refuse to fight. " In this way, it is reasonable and well-founded, and "invading officials and making troubles, levying profits and refusing to remonstrate" has become something out of nothing, and Sima Guang's argument has lost its foundation. Wang Anshi further retorted that he did not deny that "the world complained." He believes that "people are used to it for a long time, and most literati are not sympathetic to state affairs, so it is good to do it for the public", pointing out that "the world wants to change this"; Then list "Pan Geng's action, the person who complains is not a court scholar". In this way, Wang Anshi explained from two aspects of reality and history that "there are many accumulated grievances, so we can know the past." So it is not surprising that "the world complains and slanders". This document not only solemnly shows that everything I do is "under the orders of others", but also takes this opportunity to reiterate my determination to "help the university and make contributions to the people of Jersey" and never regret it.
homework
1. Complete the "learning suggestion"; Translate the full text sentence by sentence as needed.
2. Learn about Wang Anshi, Sima Guang and Wang Anshi's political reform through the library and the Internet.
Second lesson
Read the text aloud
Crosstalk text
I'm a little angry: I was taught a lesson yesterday, and I secretly thought that I had been friends for a long time. Every discussion was not harmonious and my skills were different.
I said yesterday, thank you. I think I've been friends with you for a long time, but we often don't get along when discussing politics. This is because we take different political views.
Although you want to be strong, you won't be seen in the end, so you will report it a little and stop arguing one by one; Rethinking Meng Jun did see something thick, so it is not appropriate to repeat it rashly. Therefore, there is a way today, and Ji Jun is really tolerant.
Translation: if you insist on understanding, you will definitely not be understood in the end, then simply write back to you and stop defending yourself one by one; I have repeatedly thought that you attach great importance to me, and you should not be hasty in handling (letters), so I will explain the situation in detail now, hoping you may understand me.
Original: Gai Ru's contention is that the name is real, the name is clear, and the world is reasonable.
Scholars argue mainly about the relationship between name and reality. If we understand the relationship between name and reality, then the truth in the world will be clear.
Original: When I saw the teacher today, I thought that I invaded the official, caused trouble, demanded profits, and refused to remonstrate, so that the world complained and slandered.
What you want to teach me now is that I overstepped my authority, caused trouble, plundered money and refused to criticize, so I was resented and slandered all over the world.
Original: Some people think that the master ordered them to discuss and revise the laws in the imperial court, giving them a division, not invading officials; Take the former king's administration, promote advantages and eliminate disadvantages, and not make a living; Managing money for the world is not for profit; To ward off evil spirits, it is difficult to refuse people, not to refuse advice.
I don't think it is ultra vires for the emperor to entrust the formulation of laws and regulations, amend them in the imperial court, and then hand them over to full-time officials for implementation. Carrying out the political affairs carried out by the former king, promoting the advantages and eliminating the disadvantages, can not be called trouble; Cleaning up the country's finances cannot be called changing money; Refuting false remarks and accusing glib people cannot be called refusing criticism.
As for the number of grievances, we knew it before.
As for so much resentment and slander, I have long expected this.
People are used to it for a long time. Scholars are often indifferent to state affairs and kind to others, but in fact they want to change this. If someone doesn't measure the number of enemies and wants to help them fight, what are the people who are not aggressive?
It's not a day when people are used to muddling along. Most scholar-officials take it as their duty not to think about state affairs, go with the flow and please others. The emperor wants to change this situation, but I don't care about the number of opponents. I want to help the emperor against these people, so how can everyone not make a fuss?
Original: Pan Geng's move, people's resentment, not special court scholar-officials; Pan Geng didn't change his degree for the complainer, but he didn't see it before moving, so he can regret it. [
Pan Geng moved to the capital, and all the people resented it, not just the literati in the imperial court. Pan Geng changed his plan not because someone resented him, but because the plan was reasonable. There is nothing to regret.
Original: If I am really blamed for being in office for a long time and failing to help the people, then someone knows the crime; For example, today, everything is idle, but what you did before is beyond someone's cognition.
If you blame me for serving for a long time and failing to help the emperor do much to benefit the people, then I admit that I am guilty; If we should do nothing now, but stick to the rules, then I dare not learn.
Meeting for no reason is not just yearning.
I admire the fact that I didn't have the chance to meet each other.
Read the text aloud
The third category
Read the text aloud
Thinking training (choose some discussions according to the students' situation)
1. Explain underlined words:
(1) The same is true for many different reasons. (reason)
(2) will not be seen. (Be, meaning passive)
(3) So, there is a way now. (speaking)
Evil spirits say it is difficult to kill. (rebuttal)
Beyond one's knowledge. (relic)
2. Explain the following polysemous words:
(1) failed to help (as)
Managing money for the world. (replacement)
Not for profit. (Yes) [
(2) justified, the world is justified. (indicating the relationship, and)
I thought I had been friends with you for a long time, and every discussion was not harmonious. (However, this marks a turning point.)
3. The following is the correct explanation of "people are used to a day": (b)
A, it is not a day for people to learn to suffer.
B, it's not a day or two for everyone to get used to muddling along.
C, it is not a day or two for people to learn to muddle along.
D, it's not a day since people opposed you.
The following is the correct explanation of "If everything is free today": (c)
If we do nothing today,
B, if we have to do everything now.
If you don't do anything now.
D, as you said, you should do nothing now.
5. The sentence in the article "I thought Shi Jun and I had been in love for a long time, but every lawsuit ended in discord, with different skills" shows that the argument between Wang Anshi and Sima Guang is not personal, but political differences.
6. What is the purpose of recalling "Pan Geng's move" in the article?
Judging the customs of literati at that time with conclusive historical facts shows that many people who opposed it must be wrong. Prove that your situation is the same as when you moved to Pan Geng. So you should "give it to someone who doesn't complain" and express your determination to reform.
7. At the end of the article, Wang Anshi said that "some people know the crime". Is this an apology to Sima Guang? Why?
Wang Anshi said that "someone knows his crime", which is not an apology to Sima Guang.
Wang Anshi believes that his "mistake" lies in "being in office for a long time and failing to help the people." This shows that Wang Anshi not only did not "admit his mistake" because of the reform, but thought that his reform was not firm enough, fast enough and thorough enough. )
8. This article is a rebuttal. What point does the author aim to refute?
It refutes the view that "invading officials to make an insurrection, demanding profits and refusing to remonstrate, so that the world complains and slanders".
9. How does the author refute the argument?
In response to Sima Guang's accusation of "invading officials, insurrection, taking profits, and refusing to remonstrate, so that the whole world complains and slanders", the author first refutes point by point that "it is the people's destiny, and the court modifies statutes in order to divide them, not to invade officials; Take the former king's administration, promote advantages and eliminate disadvantages, and not make a living; Managing money for the world is not for profit; To ward off evil spirits, it is difficult to blame others, not to refuse to fight. " In this way, it is reasonable and well-founded, and "invading officials and making troubles, levying profits and refusing to remonstrate" has become something out of nothing, and Sima Guang's argument has lost its foundation. Wang Anshi further retorted that he did not deny that "the world complained." He believes that "people are used to it for a long time, and most literati are not sympathetic to state affairs, so it is good to do it for the public", pointing out that "the world wants to change this"; Then list "Pan Geng's action, the person who complains is not a court scholar". In this way, Wang Anshi explained from two aspects of reality and history that "there are many accumulated grievances, so we can know the past." So it is not surprising that "the world complains and slanders".
10, facing the grim situation, what is Wang Anshi's attitude towards political reform? Which statements reflect this attitude?
Wang Anshi insisted on political reform without hesitation. "Measure the righteousness and then move, and you can regret it if you don't see it"; "If you don't do anything today, just do what you have done before, it's not something you dare to know" and other remarks reflect Wang Anshi's attitude.
1 1. What are the real reasons for the world's "slander" and people's "rage"?
The real reason why the world "slanders" people's "anger" is that Wang Anshi's new law infringes on the interests of big landlords and bureaucrats.
homework
1. Organize class notes.
2. Preview the Model.
3. Understand the content of the new text and think about "learning suggestions".
Teaching postscript