1932 65438+1On the night of October 27th, Japanese infantry marched under the cover of ronin and were routinely questioned by China police. When the ronin defended, the subsequent infantry suddenly shot. Four policemen quickly entered the bunker to fight back, and the Sino-Japanese War in Songhu officially broke out. Yanze told Kyrgyzstan to occupy Shanghai for three days.
1932 65438+1At midnight on October 28th, the Marine Corps raided Zhabei in three ways and captured Tiantong 'an Station and Shanghai North Station. The soldiers and civilians in Shanghai were angered. There are more than 30,000 people in the 3rd Division of the 19 Route Army responsible for defending the Shanghai-Nanjing area. The 60th, 6th1Division was stationed in Suzhou and Nanjing, and the 2nd Brigade of the 78th Division was stationed in Shanghai, under the command of Commander-in-Chief Jiang Guangnai and Commander Cai Tingkai. The156th Brigade defending the urban area, with the active cooperation of the gendarmerie16th regiment who came to meet the defense, repelled the Japanese troops attacking Hengbang Road, Qiu Jiang Road and Baoshan Road, and recaptured Tiantongan Station and Shanghai North Station on the 29th. The Japanese army retreated to the concession and reached a ceasefire agreement through the "mediation" of consuls in Britain and the United States, waiting for rescue. Under the leadership and promotion of China * * * Production Party, the Shanghai People's Organization Rescue Team and volunteers actively supported 19 Route Army in the War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression.
On the 29th, the Japanese government issued a statement threatening the China government, falsely claiming that the Shanghai incident was caused by China's anti-Japanese movement. The Nanjing government moved to Luoyang in a hurry on the 30th. By February 2, the Japanese army had transferred two aircraft carriers, 12 warships of various types and 7000 marines to Shanghai. Jiang Guangnai urgently dispatched 60 divisions and 6 1 division to participate in the war. On the 3rd, the Japanese army broke the ceasefire agreement, then attacked Zhabei and was repelled by the defenders. The Japanese Cabinet then sent the 3rd Fleet and the Army kurume to Shanghai, and the commander of the 3rd Fleet, Nomura Jisaburo, took over the command of Yanze. On the 7th, Nomura changed its attack point, attacking Wusong with kurume Brigade and Jiangwan with Marine Corps in an attempt to break through from the right wing of the defenders. 19 the route army fought fiercely with the Japanese army relying on Wusong fortress and Ruozaobang water network. 6 1 division wiped out the Japanese army that attacked Jijiaqiao and Caojiaqiao and sneaked into Ruozaobang. The rest of the Japanese army retreated to the concession, and the consuls of Britain and the United States once again came forward to "mediate" reinforcements. The anti-Japanese war in Songhu inspired the whole country, and the officers and men in the rear volunteered to fight against Japan. Chiang Kai-shek refused to send more troops to Shanghai. However, the Japanese cabinet decided to set up the Shanghai Dispatching Army, and sent Masaaki Shirakawa, a former secretary of the army, as the commander for unified command. Since February 27th, 1932, the Japanese army in Shanghai has been reinforced by two divisions of the army 1 1 4, with a total strength of 90,000, 80 warships and 300 planes, and its combat effectiveness has soared. At that time, the total strength of China defenders was less than 50,000, and the equipment was poor. Moreover, after a hard battle in January, the casualties were serious, and the river defense in Zuoliuhe area was weak. Drawing lessons from the failure of the first three commanders in frontal attack, Shirakawa decided to land in Liuhe from the flank and attack Songhu defenders from both sides. March 1, commanded the 9th Division and other departments to attack Songsong and Shanghai head-on, and the 3rd Fleet escorted 1 1 Division into the Yangtze River estuary, suddenly landed at Liuhekou, Yanglinkou and Qiyakou, and quickly bypassed the defenders' back road. The defenders of Songhu were caught between Scylla and Charybdis and forced to retreat to Jiading and Taicang. On the 2nd, the Japanese army captured Shanghai, and the war ended on the 3rd.
In this campaign, China's army fought bloody battles with the support of the people, and successively defeated the Japanese attack, making the enemy change hands, sending more troops for many times, causing more than 10,000 casualties and being hit hard. But the government compromised and stopped sending reinforcements, and the defenders were outnumbered. The defense line was finally broken by the Japanese army and forced to retreat. After the mediation of Britain, the United States, France, Italy and other countries, China and Japan negotiated, and on May 5, 1932, the Nanjing National Government signed the "Songhu Armistice Agreement" with Japan. Soon, the Kuomintang government transferred the 19th Route Army of the National Revolutionary Army to Fujian to "suppress * * *". -Later, there was an anti-Chiang and anti-Japanese incident in Fujian.
1932 65438+1In the early morning of October 29th, Japanese planes took off from the aircraft carrier "Notoro" anchored on the Huangpu River and bombed Zhabei Flower Street. The Commercial Press at No.584 Baoshan Road and the Oriental Library (the largest private library in China with more than 300,000 books) were all destroyed. Zhabei burned in many places. However, the attempt by the Japanese Marine Corps to seize the North Station ended in failure.
1932 65438+1October 3 1 day, Japanese reinforcements arrived in Shanghai, including 4 cruisers, 4 destroyers, 2 aircraft carriers and more than 7,000 marines.
1 932 February1day, Japanese warships shelled the capital Nanjing from the Yangtze River. The National Government announced that it would move its capital to Luoyang, saying that it would never yield (it would only move back to Nanjing at the end of the year).
1At the beginning of February, 932, 1000 Japanese troops attacked Wusong many times and were all repelled. On February 13, more than 0,000 people from kurume/Kloc-0, a powerful Japanese army, sneaked into Caojiaqiao in Ruozaobang. After that, it was surrounded by China in front of Yong 'an Cotton Mill, and 60 suicide fighters attacked. 1600 Japanese army was wiped out. The Japanese army suffered heavy losses, and its attempt to occupy Wusong in one fell swoop declared bankruptcy. Later, the war expanded, and the commander of the Japanese army changed from major general to vice admiral. Finally, Masaaki Shirakawa, an army general and former secretary of the army, served; After several surge, the Japanese finally invested more than 70 thousand troops in three divisions; And there are navy, air force and chariots to help fight.
At home, Chiang Kai-shek returned to China to be in charge of military affairs after the incident, with the 87th Division, 88th Division, Tax Police Corps and Training Corps of the Central Army as the fifth army, under the command of Zhang Zhizhong, and fought in Shanghai on February 1932. Later, Chiang Kai-shek transferred Chen Cheng's department, that is, the 18th Army, which was besieging the * * * Army in Jiangxi, to Zhejiang.
With the support of the people, China's army resisted the Japanese attack in Jiangwan until March 2 1932. Because the Japanese army landed in Taicang Liuhe, it was caught between Scylla and Charybdis, so it completely retreated from the front line. 1on March 3, 932, the Japanese army declared an armistice after occupying Zhenru and Nanxiang.
1932 On May 5th, China and Japan signed the Songhu Armistice Agreement under the mediation of Britain, America, France and Italy. The Japanese army retreated to the pre-war defense zone (the northern and eastern areas of Shanghai Concession and its cross-border road construction zone), and the China army was temporarily stationed in the current station (the line from Anting Town of Shanghai-Nanjing Railway to Hupu of the Yangtze River), and the war zone was unarmed.