Keywords library network management system database
1 Introduction
I think everyone is familiar with the library, library process and books that have always used traditional manual management for daily work. In libraries where computers are not widely used, borrowing and returning books mainly depends on manual work. It is the most typical manual return of books: the staff who borrow books and library cards, the readers who contain information in the staff's library cards, the cards and introduction books of each book, filling in the library cards and stickers, and borrowing each book once. This process is a complete library. The reader will give this book to the staff, and the staff will complete it according to the book information, library card and library card, and fill in the corresponding book return.
The obvious shortcomings of the above manual technology are: first, dealing with the library, but the business process of returning books is inefficient, and second, the processing capacity is relatively low. After a period of time, readers can provide limited services. Using computers to deal with these processes will undoubtedly greatly improve work efficiency and processing capacity. We will see that this group doesn't wait so long for books in the online library. The probability of staff making mistakes is very small, so readers can spend more time on selecting books and reading.
In order to facilitate the library's books, through the efficient management of readers' information of books, the program is specially compiled to improve the management efficiency of the library. After using this program, staff can query readers, borrow some books from some statistical libraries, and give statistical tables to completely control the circulation of books.
Theme of the work design: the compilation of book management system, database software and management software has achieved the main purposes of book management, readers and daily work. At the same time, in the whole system analysis and design process, a complete demonstration is given.
A new model of centralized and unified planning management based on database data of library management system. In this book, readers, in fact, are books, managing reader data. The completion of systematic book management system will undoubtedly provide great help to managers.
2 system design
2. 1 the guiding ideology and construction objectives of the system
2. 1. 1 the guiding ideology of the system
According to the reality of the campus and focusing on the future development, flexible and practical systems, books and information that meet the standard agreement have been established, which has improved the level of modern management and realized the sharing of information resources.
(1) 2. 1 the goal of system construction, the problems to be solved: (taking a school as a reference) With the continuous improvement of office level and automation, the management of student information in the school has gradually changed from manual to computer automatic information processing stage. It is necessary to design a student information management system with complete functions and friendly interface.
(2) The purpose of system development is to improve the efficiency of library management, reduce the workload of school library management, and truly realize scientific and reasonable planning, systematic and efficient implementation.
(3) System name: book management system.
2.2 Overall functional design
The system can realize the following functions:/>
L Login to the system: the user logs off and the system exits.
L: User management, book management, reader management and lending management.
L query: search for a book, and the reader queries the borrowing query.
Report printing: all books, borrowed books, stock books, all readers.
L help: instructions for use.
3 database design, database system
3. 1 Select
This system is a small and medium-sized management system, and its running environment is Windows2000 server. Using Windows environment is the easiest way to use Microsoft Access 2000 as a back-end database system.
3.2 Demand Analysis 1.2
Fig. 3 Flowchart of Book Circulation Data
Judges can
Not available
storehouse
Solicit readers
1.2
Handling loans /a>.
Reservation procedure
Reader information
An application that searches the results library.
& gt
Borrow books from the library
The amount of information borrowed from the library.
library
BR/>；
Book lending
reader
BR/>； 1. 1 5
Book query library information
ask about
four
judge
Judgement result
Readers' demand
Book information
book
BR/>；
Return to e-book reader
application library
Book application
Library results return books BR/& gt；;
(A) the top data flow chart
Borrowed documents
BR/>；
Reader information
rush
Demand analysis, database design needs to do demand analysis, we made a layer library management system.
The data dictionary defined in the data flow diagram is the description of data in the database, and its function is to query the description information of data in the process of software analysis and design to ensure the data.
Consistency. As shown in the figure below, based on the definition in the data dictionary in Figure 3.
Fig. 3 involves a lot of data input, and the data item "reader ID" can be described as follows:
Reader number of data item name:.
Alias: card reader barcode
Meaning: uniquely identify each reader.
Type: Character
Scope: serial number 00000000? 99999999
The meaning of value:
The data structure of the "reader" can be described as follows:
Data structure name: reader
Meaning description: The data structure of the book management system is defined by the readers.
: reader number, name, gender, unit .../a >
The data stream "Library Records of Borrowing Records Readers" can be described as follows:
Data Stream Name: Borrowed Record
Description:
BR/>； Source: Go through the borrowing formalities.
Data destination: borrowing
Data structure: number of readers, borrowing date
Data storage "borrowing" can be described as follows:
Data storage name: Borrow
Description: A library that records readers.
Outflow data stream: circular recording
Incoming data stream: circular record
Data description: the reader's library number and borrowing date.
Quantitative data: more than 5000 per year.
Access: random access
The process of determining whether a library is available can be described as follows:
Process "to determine the library br/>;
Note: Readers borrow books from the library to judge whether it is a library or not.
Input: borrowing record, reader information, book borrowing information.
Output: identification of the library
Handling: When the reader makes a loan, the loan amount reaches 65,438+00 before the confirmed reader. If it reaches 65,438+00, it can't be saved. If it does not reach 65,438+00, judge whether the reader has borrowed it. If not, this book can be lent out.
3.3 Database design
The quality of library management system, database design and database design occupies a prominent position, which directly affects the problems of data redundancy, data consistency and data loss in the database. The standardized design of the system database is as follows.
3.3. 1 theoretical guidance of database design.
The theoretical guidance of database design paradigm theory, its main contents are as follows:
1) If the relational schema R is all domains of a simple domain, then R is called a normalized relation or first normal form (1NF).
2) If the relational schema R is first normal form and each non-main attribute is functionally completely dependent on the code in the relational schema R, the second normal form (2NF).
3) The relation pattern R is the second normal form, and the nontransferable dependency code of each non-main attribute is called the relation pattern R third normal form (3NF).
4) Schema R normal form of relation, so as to satisfy functional dependency sets F, X and A, and an attribute set of X does not contain A, if R satisfies X->; A and XR must contain code, and the relational schema R called is the normal form of BCNF.
database design
The database of library management system usually contains the following data items: library card, name, unit, collection (the number of collections is the bar code on each book, CLC), title, author, price, etc. How to design patterns? Take the database of book circulation module as an example to explain.
book
reader
borrow
rice
BR/>； Borrowing time
Set number
title
CanadianLabourCongress of Canada
author
/& gt； price
library card
name
nature
Fig. 4 Book circulation figure
belong to
unit
name
& lt/ Share number
Design the entity relationship diagram (ER diagram) of book circulation. ER graph consists of three related entities, the relationship between entities and the part between entities and relationships. In the process of book circulation, the relationship between entity "book" and "reader" and the relationship between entity "reader" and "unit" are subordinate to each other. The attributes of book are collection, title, Chinese Library Classification, author, price and reader are library cards.
As can be seen from the figure:
Library card is the only "name", and the decision of "library card for each reader" should belong to only one gender, and KUKA also determines "gender";
(2) The set number is the only set, and the title "Decision" is "China Library Classification" and "Price";
③ "Unit Quantity" only "Unit Quantity" determines "Name";
(4) Each reader only publishes one book at a time, and "library card"+"library collection" determines the borrowing time.
If these data are in the relational model, according to the theoretical paradigm, the relational model is 1NF (first normal form), which exists to eliminate anomalies and redundancy problems, rather than an ideal model. Therefore, it is decomposed into a relational model satisfying 3NF or BCNF. According to the above theoretical paradigm of ER diagram and the rules of ER diagram transformation relationship model, it can be transformed into four relationship models: ① books (collection number, title, Chinese library classification number, author, price); ② Readers (library card. Name, gender, company number), (3) borrowing (library card collection, borrowing time) and (code, company name), underlining code, thus solving the problems of insertion, deletion and data redundancy.
Our data structure is analyzed in detail. According to the above design ideas, the reader designs tables, collects RBL tables, loops the data tables that exceed 100, and then creates views and stored procedures. Here's an example:
Reader list: library card, name, unit, reader category, title field.
RBL: collection number, ISBN, title, number of languages of author, publisher and copy, file type and inferior version fields;
Collection form: collection number, telephone number, classification, variety number, collection place, price, publication date and other fields;
Circular table: library card, collection quantity and renewal period should also expire, in the field of operators;
Borrowing rules table: the number of copies in the category coding field of readers is limited, each book lasts for several days, is updated for many days, expires, or is fined.
Reader classification table: reader category code reader field.
Book Classification Table: Book field of book category code.
3.4 Database Index
Indexing is an effective means to speed up the query. The primary key of each database table consists of one or more fields, and the primary key of each table establishes an index part to meet the needs of querying and sorting tables. In addition to establishing the main index, a sub-index is also established. Use it to query conditions such as number of sets, author, title and so on to find a book of RBL. Besides the primary key "main index of sets", "author" and "title" establish a sub-index.
3.5 view
A view is one of one or several basic tables, which is defined in the basic table above. It is a virtual table. The data of the defined views stored in the database and the unsaved views correspond to the data still stored in the original basic table. In the eyes of users who customize the view, the database structure is simple and clear, which simplifies the data query operation of users. There are more and more fields in the table of the system data table. In order to simplify the operation of the table, we have created more than 30 extended record views, such as title _ query, magazine name _ query of news editorial department, query of borrowing rules, magazine _ query and query.
3.6
Stored procedures are part of the compiled code. Stored procedures are stored on the database server. By calling the corresponding stored procedure, a large amount of data is processed on the server side, and then the processing result is sent to the client side. This can reduce data transmission on the network and eliminate network congestion. For example, to query records, the serial number in the record table is 10000, not the stored procedure. The server sends the record data of 1 to the client as 10000, and uses the stored procedure to compile the appropriate procedure locally without going through the network, so it can quickly find the required record and give the result to. Another advantage of stored procedures is that they can be called by different development tools, such as PB, ASP, VB, Delphi and so on. In fact, the book search function loop module and the WEB query module are called to complete the same stored procedure. The system has established more than 60 stored procedures and new book processing functions, such as circulation, new book warehousing statistics, cataloging to collection, and call numbers generated by readers' statistics. make a telephone call
3.7 The database uses ODBC interface to call the database using ADO interface.
Use bar code
Unique and once-input, reusable bar code uses bar code technology as a means, which has the advantages of quickly inputting information and handling book management business quickly and conveniently. The system only uses bar codes as the identification of books and readers.
Bar code, book management becomes easier, faster and more error-prone. For example, a book has a unique bar code logo, and every reader has a unique bar code logo, which is very convenient for borrowing and querying. The application of bar code replaces the previous book bag card and library card, and it takes time and tedious labor to consult and borrow books. When a reader borrows a library card in the library, the staff only needs to log in to the library system, and the bar code reader scans the bar code on the reader's library card, and information will be displayed on the screen, including the reader's name, whether several books have been borrowed by the reader's name unit, whether it has expired, and whether there is a fine. For example, in the library, staff only use bar code readers to scan bar code symbols. Readers of this book need to automatically record the title and barcode information of this book in the database displayed on the screen, and the work of the library is completed. Borrowing books usually takes only 1-2 seconds. After the operation is completed, the computer will automatically enter the borrowing and borrowing books into the corresponding database, and automatically prompt the borrowing period. refer to
[1] Wang, Course of Database System Principles, Tsinghua University Publishing House, 2002. 1.
[2] Qi Zhichang, Software Engineering, Higher Education Press, 2002.438+0
[3] Network resources