Directory [hidden]
brief introduction
Guqin structure
Tuning of guqin
Guqin modeling
Guqin evolution
Ancient masters of piano making and their style characteristics.
Playing method
Guqin broken grain
Essentials of guqin collection
Guqin mingqu
Guqin graded repertoire
Famous Qin handed down from ancient times
schools of guqin
Guqin famous figure
Guqin —— Textual Research on Seven-string Theory
Maintenance and nursing knowledge of guqin
The Cultural Connotation of Guqin
Understanding of Guqin
Guqin playing skills
Book information
brief Introduction of the content
Brief introduction of the author
Brief introduction of book catalogue
Guqin structure
Tuning of guqin
Guqin modeling
Guqin evolution
Ancient masters of piano making and their style characteristics.
Playing method
Guqin broken grain
Guqin Collection Essentials Guqin Famous Songs Guqin Grade Trajectory handed down from generation to generation Guqin School Guqin Famous Qin —— On the maintenance and nursing knowledge of Guqin; On the cultural connotation of Guqin; Understanding of Guqin playing techniques; Brief introduction of book information content; Author's book catalogue
[Edit this paragraph] Introduction
In the long historical stage of ancient China society, "Qinqi Calligraphy and Painting" has always been regarded as the only way for literati to cultivate their self-cultivation. Guqin, because of its clear, harmonious, light and elegant musical character, embodies the lofty and detached attitude of Feng Ling, a scholar, ranking first in music, chess, calligraphy and painting. "Qin, love also; Offenders are prohibited. " Playing the flute and playing the piano, reciting poems and painting, climbing high and traveling far, and singing wine songs have become a vivid portrayal of literati life. During the Spring and Autumn Period, Confucius loved playing the piano. Whether giving lectures in Xingtan or being trapped by Cai Chen, the sound of playing string songs is endless. The story of Boya in the Warring States period and the story of "finding a bosom friend in the mountains" in the sub-period became popular stories. Ji Kang in Wei and Jin Dynasties gave Guqin the highest evaluation of "among all musical instruments, Qin De is the best", and finally took playing Guangling San on the execution ground as the swan song of life. Liu Yuxi, a scholar in the Tang Dynasty, outlined a picture for us in his famous book "Humble Room Inscription": "You can tune the pipa and read the Golden Classics. The indifferent realm of "no confusing ears, no complicated work" 1In August, 977, a gold-plated record was placed on the Voyager 2 spacecraft launched by the United States, and representative art of human beings was selected from all over the world, including the seven-minute guqin music "Running Water" played by Guan Pinghu, a famous guqin master, representing China music. This ancient song was once played by Boya, a famous pianist in the Spring and Autumn Period, and became a bosom friend with Zhong Ziqi. Now, its mission is to explore the celestial body "human beings" outside the earth and seek new "bosom friends" in the vast universe.
The creators of Qin include Fuxi Playing the Piano, Shennong Playing the Piano, Shun Playing the Banjo and Singing the South Wind, etc. As a legend, you may not believe it, but you can see that Qin has a long history in China.
According to documents, in the pre-Qin period, guqin was used in folk music, such as sacrificial ceremonies, court meetings and ceremonies. It used to be very popular in Sheng Xing, and it was used to express feelings and praise. On this point, we can confirm it from the collection of folk poems and songs at that time, The Book of Songs. "The Book of Songs Nan Zhou Guanluo": "My Fair Lady, Friends of the Hare"; The Book of Songs Xiaoya Luming Literature: "Yo, yo, Luming Literature, the peace of the wilderness. I have guests, playing drums and playing the piano "; "The Book of Songs Xiaoya Long Beach": "Wives get along like drums and harps"; "The Book of Songs Xiaoya Drum Bell": "Drum bell Qin Qin, drum instrument drum Qin Qin"; "The Book of Songs Xiaoya Futian": "Playing the piano and drums to rule Tian Zu"; "Book of Songs": "Chair painting paulownia, harp and mulberry cutting"; "The Book of Songs Zheng Feng Women's Cockcrow": "The harp and harp are in the imperial court, so it is quiet and good"; This shows that at least in the Spring and Autumn Period, Guqin was a very popular musical instrument among the people and was deeply loved by the ancients. Guqin was widely recognized in ancient times. Three of the "four classic novels" are clearly described. Ancient poems, history books, novels, operas, paintings, antique porcelain ... Guqin exists in large numbers, and historical facts, literature and works of art all come from real life. What a broad social foundation is needed to cause this phenomenon. So guqin was once quite popular in ancient China, at least among the literati. It is precisely because of this that the Guqin art with a history of thousands of years has finally passed down to today.
On June 7th, 2003, 165438+ UNESCO published the second batch of "representative works of human oral and intangible heritage", among which Chinese guqin was listed. On May 20th, 2006, Guqin art was approved by the State Council to be included in the first batch of national intangible cultural heritage list, and was listed as "folk music".
[Edit this paragraph] Guqin structure
The length of a piano is generally about three feet six inches and a half (about 120- 125 cm), which symbolizes 365 days a year (just like 365 degrees on Sunday). Usually about six inches (about 20 centimeters) wide. Generally about two inches (about 6 cm) thick. The lower part of the piano body is flat and the upper part is arc, symbolizing heaven and earth respectively. The overall shape is made according to the shape of the phoenix, and its whole body corresponds to the phoenix (or human body), including head, neck, shoulders, waist, tail and feet.
Guqin originally had only five strings, including gold, wood, water, fire and earth. External five tones, palace, business, angle, sign and feather. Later, King Wen was imprisoned in prison and missed his son Bo Yikao. He added a string to Wen Xian. King Wu cut a string for Wu Xian. Collectively known as the Wu Wen lyre.
"Qin Dangxu" records: "Fuxi's Qin, a string, is seven feet and two inches long." Huan Tan's "New Theory" records: "The Qin of Shennong is made of pure silk and carved with tung wood. Legend has it that Shun Ding Qin has five strings, Wang Wen added one, and Wu Wang reduced one to seven. It is said that the 10 stringed instrument was unearthed from the tomb of Zeng Houyi. I heard that there were 32-string pianos in ancient times.
The upper part of the "piano head" is called forehead. The lower end of the forehead is inlaid with hardwood supporting strings, which is called "Moon Mountain", also known as "Lin Yue", and is the highest part of the piano. There are two sound grooves at the bottom of the piano, the larger one in the middle is called "Dragon Pool" and the smaller one at the tail is called "Phoenix Marsh". This is called going up the mountain and down the river, and there are dragons and phoenixes, which symbolize the world. There is a hardwood strip named "Lu Cheng" on the forehead of Yueshan Mountain. There are seven "string eyes" on the table, which are used to tie strings. There are seven "Qin Zi" under it for tuning. On the side end of the piano head, there are also "phoenix eyes" and "guards". From the waist down, it is called "the end of the piano". The end of the piano is inlaid with a kind of hardwood "Dragon Gum" with shallow grooves, which is used for threading. The decorations on both sides of the dragon glue are called "crown angle", also known as "focal tail".
The exposed parts of the seven strings pass through Yueshan and Gui Long, and become a pair of "goose feet" at the bottom of the piano, symbolizing the seven stars.
There are two hidden grooves in the belly and head of the piano, one is the tip of the tongue, the other is the sound pool, and the other is the sound receiving end, also called rhyme marsh. Corresponding to Longchi and Fengman, there is often a "Yin Na" in every place. Yinna in Longchi has a "Tianzhu" on the head side and a "pillar" on the tail side. When making a sound, "the sound wants to pass by, but it lingers, but it has a aftertaste." Because the piano has no "pin" (column) and "code", it is very convenient to play flexibly, and it has the characteristics of extremely long effective strings, large vibration amplitude of strings and endless reverberation, so it has its unique hand-walking sound.
As far as structure is concerned, the structure of each part of the piano is very reasonable. It is not too big, not only easy to carry, but also beautiful and generous. The shape of the piano is pleasing enough. It can also be seen from the naming of piano parts that the piano system is influenced by Confucianism.
The front of the piano is wide and the back is narrow, which symbolizes the difference between honor and inferiority. The five strings of palace, business, horn, sign and feather symbolize the five social classes of monarch, minister, people, affairs and things. The sixth and seventh strings added later are called Wen Hewu, which symbolizes the harmony between the monarch and the minister. The twelve emblems symbolize December respectively, and the largest emblem in the middle represents June, symbolizing leap month. Guqin has three timbres: overtone, scattered tone and bent tone, which symbolize the harmony between heaven, earth and people respectively. The symbolic significance of the naming of these guqin shapes actually reflects the Confucian thought of rites and music and the importance that China people attach to harmony. Because the function of etiquette is to protect the individual, make the personality work and have fun with it, and its function is to be in harmony with the group. The combination of rites and music can make individuals and groups adjust each other and form a peaceful and reasonable life between people. Therefore, the implementation of these two seemingly opposite techniques of rites and music is to achieve the purpose of complementing each other and harmony. It can be seen from the social order and grade name borrowed from the form name of guqin that its production form contains profound educational meaning.
[Edit this paragraph] The tune of guqin
There are 35 guqin modes, tuned in five tones, with a range of four octaves and a second degree.
Among stringed instruments, guqin is a unique instrument. Its surface is a fingerboard, without columns or goods. When playing, the piano is placed horizontally on the table, the right hand plays the strings, and the left hand presses the strings to pick up the sound. It depends entirely on the symbols of the Qin emblem (not limited to 13 emblem, many sounds are between emblems), and the intonation is extremely strict.
The pitch of an empty string is not fixed, depending on the music played. The tuning of guqin is complicated, with as many as 35 modes. The lowest empty string sound of a string is the large character set C sound, and the fixed strings are arranged into five sounds from the first string to the seventh string, namely C, D, F, G, A, C and D. Guqin has a wide range, from C-D3 to * * *, four octaves, and a sophomore.
Guqin's expressive force is particularly rich and mellow. By using different playing techniques, many artistic features can be displayed. Its scattered sound (empty string sound) is loud and vigorous, as grand as a bronze bell. The overtones are as transparent and colorful as pearls, and change with different sound areas. The high-pitched area is light and crisp, like a bell in the wind; The alto is bright and sonorous, just like hitting a jade Qing. Pronunciation by sound is solid, also called "real sound", and the timbre of each sound zone is different. The bass area is rich and powerful, the midrange is macro and solid, and the treble area is crisp and slender. According to the various sliding sounds in the voice, it is as soft as a song and has profound and meticulous expressive force.
[Edit this paragraph] Guqin modeling
Guqin has beautiful shapes, including Fuxi style, Zhong Ni style, Julian style, sunset style, brainwave style, banana leaf style, Shennong style and so on. Mainly according to the different neck and waist shapes of the piano body. Lacquer has broken lines, which is the symbol of the ancient piano. Due to the vibration of long-term performance and the difference of wood and paint base, various broken lines can be formed, such as plum blossom break, cow hair break, snake belly break, ice breaking, turtle pattern and so on. A broken piano is more valuable because of its clear sound and beautiful appearance. The ancient famous pianos include Luqi, Jiaowei, Chunlei, pure and pure, the legacy of the Great Sage, and Pei Huan of Xiao Jiu.
There are fourteen common styles of guqin: Zhong Ni, Fuxishi, Liezi, Lingbi, Sunset, Lingguan, Banana Leaf, Shennong, Xiangquan, Shi Kuang, Yafotou and He Mingqiu Moon. Among them, the most famous nine-day hoop is Fuxi-style nine-day hoop.
[Edit this paragraph] Guqin evolution
Qin Tang, especially the Guzheng in the Tang Dynasty, is plump and round in appearance. In most existing Qin Tang, two pieces of paulownia wood are often stuck on Longchi and plump panels, which are used as counterfeit banknotes. Until the early Ming dynasty, there were still piano makers using this method. Qin Tang's broken sentences are mostly snake belly broken, as well as ice broken and running water broken. Its surface paint ash has two colors: ink and chestnut shell, and cinnabar paint was added when future generations repaired it. The grey tire is pure antler ash, and both sides of the back of the piano are wrapped with linen from bottom to top until the edge of the panel to prevent the upper and lower plates from opening glue. The sides of these pianos are all between 120 and 125 cm. Guqinbian in Song Dynasty, with a total length of1.28cm and a shoulder width of 25cm. Its body is flat and big, and its size is larger than that handed down by Qin Tang, which is one of the main styles in the Northern Song Dynasty. In the Southern Song Dynasty, besides the antique works, the shape gradually became flat and narrow, especially the Zhong Ni-style guqin, which was the main style of making the piano in the Southern Song Dynasty. The main material for making the piano in Song Dynasty is the bottom of tung-faced catalpa or pine-faced bottom. Broken lines include snake belly, ice lines, running water and little cow hair. The gray tires are mainly antler ash, and some people use flax as the base, but rarely. Babel ash was also used in the late Northern Song Dynasty (that is, gold, silver, pearls and emerald corals were crushed and mixed with antler ash). The Song Dynasty is an important stage in the history of piano-making after the Tang Dynasty. The government even set up a special bureau to make piano, which is called "official piano". Qin-making in Yuan Dynasty was the product of the transition period of Song and Ming Dynasties. Because of the short duration, there are few existing objects. In the Ming Dynasty, the number of pianos was unprecedented. Whether it is the prince of the emperor or the family of officials, there are many people who are good at piano. There are four famous piano makers in the imperial clan: Wang Ning, Hengwang, wangyi and Lu Wang. Among the four kings, Qin was the most famous, which began in Chongzhen. It is reported that there are as many as four or five hundred pieces with the same style and size, all of which are numbered in chronological order and engraved on the abdomen; The name "Zhonghe" is engraved on the back of the piano, and Jing Yi's poem "The Water of the Yangtze River" and the seal of "Lu Chuan" are all painted with eight treasures.
[Edit this paragraph] Ancient Qin-making masters and their characteristics
There were many piano master in the Tang Dynasty. In addition to the Lei family (,,,Lei Jue, Lei), other famous masters are recorded in the literature: Zhang Yue, Guo Gao and. Unfortunately, except for Lei's piano, no works have been handed down. There were many famous musicians in the Song Dynasty. In the Northern Song Dynasty, there were Zhu, Ma Xiliang, Ma Xiren and Monk Renzhi; in the Southern Song Dynasty, there were Jinzhou, Jin Highway and Chen Hengdao; at the end, there were Yan Zun, Ma Dafu and Mei Siyan. In Song Dynasty, few people carved the year of the piano, and many imitated the Tang Dynasty. The famous piano players in Yuan Dynasty are Yan, Shi and Shi Gu Yun, among which the most famous is Yan. There are many imitations of Zhu Qin, some of which are engraved with "Zhu Zhiyuan" or "Zhu Zhiyuan". I hope collectors will pay attention. There were also many piano master in the Ming Dynasty, such as Tu and others, among which the most famous ones were Zhang's "Zunxiu", "Entrusting Xiu" and "Shunxiu". Zhang Dai's Dream of Taoan refers to Zhang Zhiqin as one of Wuzhong's stunts, "being invincible for a hundred years".
[Edit this paragraph] Play
When playing, put the piano on the table, pluck the strings with your right hand, press the strings with your left hand and pick up the sound. Guqin has a range of four octaves and two tones. There are 7 scattered tones, 9 overtones1tone 147. There are many ways to play, such as supporting, breaking, rubbing, picking, hooking, picking, hitting, picking, turning, poking, pinching, rolling and so on. There are chanting, licking, squatting, injecting, bumping, advancing, retreating and rising in the left hand.
[Edit this paragraph] Guqin broken sentence
Refers to all kinds of broken marks left on the surface of the piano due to the weathering and vibration of the years during the performance. There are many kinds of broken wires, mainly plum blossom, ox hair, snake belly, ice, running water and Longlin. Generally speaking, a piano is not broken for a hundred years, and the broken line varies with the age, which is one of the main bases for collecting guqin.
[Edit this paragraph] Guqin Collection Essentials
It is a misunderstanding that the broken lines of guqin will not appear after a hundred years. The reason of wire breakage is more complicated, which is mostly related to the treatment of paint tire in the production process and the later preservation environment. The appearance of broken lines is an incremental process, and it is impossible to suddenly appear in a hundred years. It increases with time, which is a scientific and objective statement. Judging from the historical handed down objects, the guqin made in the Republic of China also has broken lines. Some traditional crafts even make guqin before it is finished. It is very important to analyze the broken lines of lacquer tires for the identification of cultural relics guqin. False broken wires have existed since ancient times, and there are many methods, such as baking with strong fire and then exciting with ice and snow to make them crack; Or paint with protein infiltrated into the ash, steam it after making it, and then air dry it; Or bake with gypsum on the ash bottom. In fact, careful observation shows that the authenticity of the disconnection is still very different. The real broken line is smooth, the end of the line disappears naturally, and the peaks are like swords. However, after the process of cold and hot catalysis or knife engraving, the false broken line is inevitably unnatural and flawed. The inscription of guqin is also an important basis for identifying the authenticity of guqin. The back of the piano is engraved, while the belly of the piano has two kinds of engraving and writing, which is easy for the knife engraver to preserve, but it is difficult to identify when the ink is written for a long time. The carvings on the abdomen of guqin, such as the adhesion of the upper and lower plates on both sides of the body, are mostly original. If there are traces of reconstruction, it needs to be carefully studied. The most difficult to identify are those who cut open the old piano and carved it with fake money, and those who carved it with fake money when using the ancient wooden piano. Regardless of the back, senior appraisers can also identify it from the customary titles, taboo words of emperors in previous dynasties, and the calligraphy style of a dynasty or a calligrapher. Collectors whose main purpose is playing will definitely regard the timbre of the piano as one of the main standards. When we listen to the sound of an guqin, we know that it is a good guqin with rich and bright timbre, even timbre, bright overtone and response. Some guqin is broken, but playing by the sound will have a "stop", which will affect listening. At this time, we should weigh the gains and losses carefully and don't give up easily. The collection of guqin is generally hung on the dry wall, which should not be laid flat for a long time; The guqin handed down from ancient times has loose wood, and if it is laid flat for a long time, it is easy to cause "waist collapse", while the modern new guqin does not need to be hung, and the piano with qualified quality will not collapse even if it is laid flat for decades. Guqin, as a musical instrument, should be played frequently, otherwise it will make the timbre black and astringent, and it will also be eaten by insects.
[Edit this paragraph] Guqin Famous Music
Top Ten Famous Guqin Songs
1, Guangling Powder
2. High mountains and flowing water
3. Wild geese fall in Pingsha
4. alcoholic
5. Guan Shanyue
6. Xiaoxiang Water Cloud
7. Triassic in Yangguan
8. Meihuasan Lane
9. Hu Jia's eighteen beats
10, Youlan
Other famous guqin music
Puan curse
Nagato complained.
spring
white snow
Evergreen
Lisao
Dragon vanilla
Autumn wind in Wu Ye
Mozi's sad silk
Confucius read the Book of Changes.
Qiu Ge
Pheasants fly
Lonely house meets God.
Ask any girl
Night parking in Qiu Jiang
Pat clothes (when washing clothes)
Indifferent and secluded, not alive.
Black night cry
Lou Yu Xiao Chun
[Edit this paragraph] Guqin Graded Audio Track
The new version of Guqin Graded Music Collection published by People's Music Publishing House lists the latest graded tracks in 2009 as follows:
(The level of some tracks has been adjusted compared with the original, and those with the same name have different styles. )
The first level:
1. Guqin Yin 2. Feng Qiuhuang 3. Ci valley sound 4. Orchid 5. Chinese cabbage 6. Autumn wind lyrics 7. Autumn wind ci
assistant
1. Song of Blissfulness 2. Good night song 3. Qing Ye Song 4. ChristianRandPhillips complained 5. Double cranes listen to Spring 6. Pull the fiber song 7. Man Jiang Hong 8. Yan Hui cried.
The third stage
1 .yin 2. Wind and thunder lead 3. Zhongjing word 4. Qiu Jiang Night Park 5. Lou Yu Xiao Chun 6. Yingshanhong 7. Grass.
The fourth stage
1 .shiliuquan 2. Man of God Chang 3. Drunk 4. Bian Wei's Three Musts 5. Confucius read the Book of Changes 6. Yangguan Triassic 7. Return speech 8. Autumn night is 9 long. Desire 10. Believe in heaven.
Fifth floor
1. Seagull forgot Machine 2. Chu song 3. Guan Shanyue 4. Gaoshan 5. Dongting Qiu Si 6. Blue Sword Liu Quan 7. Drunk three times a month. Tea picking 9. Molly.
Grade?Six
1. Autumn wind in Wu Ye 2. Changqing 3. Pingsha geese 4. Pingsha geese 5. Go find Cao Lin 6. Live in the mountains. 7. Drunk fishermen sing late. 8. Double B is reversed. 9. Hailong. 10, Puan mantra. 1 1, in memory of the old friend.
Collection of Guqin Music (2);
Seventh floor
1. Nagato complained 2. Long Shuo exercises 3. Perrin 4. No.5 Tianfeng Pei Huan. Fengyun International Conference 6. Moonlit Night on the Spring River 7. Mountains and rivers.
Grade?Eight
1. Question and answer on fishing salary 3. Q&A on fishing salary 4. No.5 Meihua Third Lane. No.6 Meihua Third Lane. Alas, Nye (abridged version) 7. Pheasants fly 8. Fishing song 9. Fishing song 10. Lonely pavilion meets god.
Guqin Music Collection (3);
Grade?Nine
1. Lisao (abridged version) 2. Yi Dao III. Yi Dao 4. Longxiangcao 5. Article 6 of Wu Ye. Autumn sound 7. Mozi's sad silk 8. Yangchun No.9. Hu 10. Hu 1 1. Loulan
Tenth level
1. Xiaoxiang Water Cloud 2. Ode 3. Guangling powder 4. Hu Jia 18 beats 5. Youlan 6. Meiyuanyin 7. Song of the Three Gorges Boat 8. Snowy Road Building 9. spring breeze
[Edit this paragraph] The famous Qin handed down from ancient times
the Tang Dynasty
Spring in Julian, Qin Lei.
Jiuxiaohuan Qin Pei Fuxi Style
Fuxi style of Chunleiqin
The legacy of the Great Sage Qin Fuxi style
Great Sage's Legacy of Qin Style
Du youqin lingjishi
Shi Kuang-style Qin Yi Taigu
Plum Blossom and Piano Zhong Ni Style
Old Long Yin Qin Xiang Shi Quan
A pool of boqin Shennong style
All-flying Qin Julian room
Song dynasty
Yu Hu Bing Qin Shen Nong Shi
Chaos Cai Qinling's official style
Wanhe Qin Song Zhong Ni style
Tiekeqin rheumatism stone
Haiyueqing Qin Hui Zhong Ni Style
Deming
Helaiqin Sunset Style
Zhonghe Qin Liezi style
Zhu Gongwang Qinjiao Night Market
He Mingqiu Yueqin He Mingqiu Lunatone
[Edit this paragraph] Guqin genre
First, the concept of the Qin school
(1) What is the Qin School?
A hundred schools of thought contend can play a strong role in promoting academic development. So is Qin culture. Qin culture itself is a very personalized art, and different regions and teachers have different styles of piano players. In the same area, the piano players under the same teacher have different styles. Different musicians will have different understandings of the same track and form different styles. Therefore, in the field of piano, there are also many schools. The so-called schools refer to academic schools and literary schools. Factions here refer to different groups that discuss and study according to the same principles or styles. In the field of Qin culture, as in other academic fields, there are many artistic viewpoints and playing styles. Qinists follow the same views and styles and form a certain group of qinists, which is called Qinpai. The so-called * * * similarity of the same piano school generally depends on the local color, the origin of the teacher, the biography on which the school is based, the viewpoint of piano science and the basic performance style.
(2) How did Qin School come into being?
How did the Qin school come into being? Qin Le is the external embodiment of human mind. Different musicians' understanding of Qin culture is naturally influenced by their talent, personality, personal accomplishment, ideological realm and psychological state. With the different understanding, it is revealed that under the finger, the charm is different and different artistic styles are formed. It is natural that people with similar styles will eventually form a piano school. The formation of Qin School can be summarized into three main factors, namely, regional influence, the influence of teachers and different biographies.
The so-called regional influence means that musicians in the same region can easily find teachers and friends and learn from each other. In addition, folk customs are similar, and their personalities are often similar. With such mutual influence, it is easier to form a tacit understanding, form the same or similar understanding and style, and finally form the Qin school.
The so-called influence of learning from others means that outstanding violinists are unique because of their profound attainments and are admired by the public, so that violinists learn the piano one after another. In this way, different mentoring systems have been formed. Musicians under the same teacher, following the teacher's instruction, often have the same or similar understanding of the piano way and performance style, and finally form the piano school.
The so-called different music scores mean that with the popularity of music scores, different musicians learn piano according to different music scores. Musicians who study the same score are more likely to form the same or similar understanding and style, and finally form the piano school.
Sima Xiangru, Yang Xiong, Zhuge Liang, Jiang Wei, etc. In the early Jin Dynasty, there was a bamboo forest school in the north, represented by Ji Kang.
It has been recorded in schools in Qin Xue since the Tang Dynasty. As Zhao Yili said in Sui and Tang Dynasties, "Wu Sheng is quiet and graceful. If the Yangtze River is wide and the long river is slow, there will be a national wind. The voice of Shu is impatient, and if the waves rush, they will be handsome for a while. "
In the Northern Song Dynasty, there were also schools such as Shi Jing, Zhejiang and Jiangxi. Some records commented: "Shi Jing is too strong and Jiangnan is frivolous, but Zhejiang is not wild and literature is not historical."
In the Ming Dynasty, Jiangsu, Zhejiang and Fujian schools also had great influence. As Liu Zhu in the Ming Dynasty said, "There are no 120 people in Fujian, no 134 people in Jiangxi and no 167 people in Zhejiang."
After the late Ming and early Qing Dynasties, as for modern times, famous piano schools such as Yushan, Guangling, Pucheng, Shushan, Jiuyi, Zhucheng, Mei 'an and Lingnan appeared successively.
Modern communication technology is developed, transportation is convenient, and there are many written and audio-visual materials, which provide modern musicians with convenient learning conditions and enable them to seek famous teachers and explore piano learning. Therefore, in the field of modern Qin culture, various Qin schools can communicate with each other, integrate with each other and learn from each other. Therefore, many modern pianists can absorb the strengths of many schools and form their own independent and distinctive styles.
(3) What are the Guqin schools?
Qin School is a school composed of Qin people with the same artistic style. "Qin School" originated from Yushan School in the late Ming Dynasty and Guangling School in the Qing Dynasty. The differences between Qin schools mainly depend on the conditions of region, inheritance and music dissemination.
Qin people in the same area often communicate with each other, learn from each other, and at the same time absorb the influence of local folk music, thus forming a similar playing style and giving Qin Le a special local color. The philosophers in the late Qin Dynasty were mostly named after regional division. Yushan School centered on Changshu, Jiangsu Province, and Guangling School centered on Yangzhou, Jiangsu Province are all famous Qin schools. Wuyue has Songjiang School, Jinling School and Wu Pai School successively. Other regions include Zhongzhou School, Fujian School, Lingnan School, Sichuan School, September 1st School and Zhucheng School.
Zhejiang school: a famous Qin school in the Southern Song Dynasty. The founder is Chuwang Guo. His masterpiece is Xiaoxiang Water Cloud. Awarded by Mao Min and Xu. Mao and Xu compiled Xia Zidong Qin Pu under the auspices of Yang Zan. Xu Zusun was a famous pianist for four generations, and was praised as "the true story of Xu Men" in Ming Dynasty. Later generations called the biography of Zhejiang School Zhejiang Spectrum.
Yushan School: Qin School in Ming Dynasty. Yushan is located in Changshu, Jiangsu Province. There is a famous river called Qinchuan, so it is also called "Cooked School" or "Qinchuan School". Xu Xiaoshan, the third generation descendant of "Zhejiang Gate", once played the piano in Changshu, producing a large number of famous local performers including Chen. It was spread to Yan Zheng and became Qinchuan Qinshe, and the biography series was Songxiange Qinpu. Another disciple of Chen, Xu Shangying, added allegro such as Xiaoxiang, edited the score of Dahuangge, and wrote Xishan Music, which enriched Yan's works. Yushan School has a high prestige in the piano field. The Qin Yu Society Today, which was founded in 1930s, was named to commemorate this school.
Guangling school: a famous Qin school in Qing Dynasty. Yangzhou, Jiangsu Province was called Guangling in ancient times, and the Qin School formed around this place is Guangling School. It was originally developed by Xu Changyu on the basis of Yushan School. His son and two sons inherited their family studies and performed in Jinjing, once competing for the biography of "The Second Preface of Jiangnan". Chengjiantang Music Score is the earliest collection of music scores in this school. Xu Qi, the successor, absorbed and processed famous songs from all over the country, and compiled Wuzhizhai Music, which is the most widely circulated music collection in modern times. Since then, famous musicians have gathered in Yangzhou. On this basis, Wu Hong compiled Ziyuantang Piano Score, which is also an influential piano score. After the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom, the school also published "Jiaoan Qinpu" and "Dead Wood Zen Qinpu" one after another, and its influence has always been contemporary.
Sichuan School: Also known as Shushan Guqin School, or Shu School for short. Shushan School (Sichuan School) has a long history of at least 2000 years. It is the most representative, widespread and rich guqin school in China today. Sima Xiangru, Yang Xiong, Zhuge Liang and Jiang Wei. The famous musicians of modern Sichuan school are: Zhang Kongshan, Yang Zidong, Li, Wu Jinyang, Long and others. Tian Wenpu and Shayan both have works of Sichuan school, among which Running Water and Drunk Fishing Song Night are the most popular. Gu is a famous Sichuan Guqin performer and educator in China. He devoted his life to the exploration, arrangement, research and performance of Guqin art and made outstanding achievements. Translate the difference spectrum into a simplified spectrum and match it with the difference spectrum, and complete the revision and arrangement of the book Qin Xue Yao Yao with more than 300 thousand words. It is reported that in order to protect the intangible cultural heritage of the Shushan School (Sichuan School) guqin, China will establish the Shushan School (Sichuan School) guqin base, display the Shushan School (Sichuan School) guqin and train guqin talents.
Min School: Modern Qin School. Zhu is the representative. He is the author of Gu Zhai Pu, followed by Zhang He, An Introduction to Qin Xue, Chen Shiqi and Qin Xuechu.
Lingnan School: Guangdong Qin School. Originated from Huang Jingxing in Daoguang period. He inherited the "legacy of the ancient port" of his ancestors and learned more than ten songs from Heluo, Xiangshan. Fifty songs are Music Score of Five Snow Mountain Houses. Close to Jian Zheng Hou Chuanqi's knowledge.
Zhucheng School: Modern Qin School. The three generations of Wang Puchang, Wang Yi, and Wang Zu-sun in Zhucheng, Shandong Province took Yushan School as their ancestor, and Wang and his student Wang took Jinling School as their ancestor. The combination of the two, combined with the local folk music style, formed Zhucheng School with Shandong local style. The series includes: music score of Tongyin Shantang and music score of Mei 'an. Representative songs "Nagato's Complaints" and "Guan Shanyue" are both modern popular piano music.