Gun is one of the commonly used instruments in Wushu, and it is called the handsome of a long soldier. Marksmanship has a long history, and its main actions are blocking, taking and stabbing. Guns evolved from ancient Mao Ge, and there were many varieties after the Song Dynasty. Ma Qiaopu, a monograph on gun art, is contained in the Annals of Sui Shu Classics, which was more refined and popularized in the Song Dynasty. He's "Chen Ji" and Wu Xun's "Ming Gun Ji" made a systematic analysis and summary of gun art, and introduced various schools. Marksmanship can be practiced with other weapons, such as broadsword into gun, sword into gun, three-legged stick into gun, etc. The following is what I have arranged for you:

Gun is one of the commonly used martial arts instruments, and it is called the commander-in-chief of Yi Long's soldiers and the king of hundreds of soldiers. It evolved from ancient Mao Ge, and there were many varieties after the Song Dynasty. Marksmanship has a long history, and its main actions are blocking, taking and stabbing. Ma Qiaopu, a monograph on gun art, is contained in the Annals of Sui Shu Classics. It is estimated that there was routine training at that time. Gun technology became more complicated and popular in Song Dynasty. The famous fireworks were created by Yang Yu, an insurgent of Shandong Red Army, in Jiading four years *** 12 1 1 year * *. Qi Jiguang's "Ji Xiao Shu Xin" introduced this kind of marksmanship and said: "Yang Jiafa, holding a gun root, is very long, true and false, and strange; There is falsehood, truth, strangeness and righteousness; Its advance is sharp, its retreat is fast, its situation is dangerous, and its festival is short. " If you don't move like a mountain, you will move like Lei Zhen. So pear flower gun has no rivals for 20 years. In Ming Dynasty, He Zhen Ji and Wu Xun Wu Ji systematically analyzed and summarized the gun art, and introduced various gun art schools. In addition to individual training, gun skills can also be practiced with other weapons, such as broadsword, sword and three sticks.

Basic classification of gun art

Marksmanship is an ancient martial arts instrument and weapon. It evolved from a spear. There are big guns, fireworks, double-headed guns and so on. Both the big gun and the flower gun have only one spear head, and the double-headed gun has one spear head at each end. It consists of a gun head, a gun tassel and a gun shaft. Most gun shafts are made of white wax sticks. The diameter of any part below the midpoint of the gun shaft shall not be less than the following provisions: adult male 2.30cm, adult female and young male 2.15 cm; Boys and girls 2.00cm children are not restricted. The length of gun cherry shall not be less than 200mm.

The historical origin of gun art

The development course of gun art

Guns, like spears, are the most widely used long guns in ancient battlefields. Han dynasty was a long weapon, mainly halberd and spear. It has been recorded in the later Han dynasty, but the blade tip is long and has not yet left the spearhead shape. Because spears are inconvenient to use, guns gradually became popular in the Jin Dynasty. The bronze spear head used at that time was slightly smaller than before, and it was similar to the iron spear head of later generations.

Except for the flower gun, the big gun, the double gun, the double-headed gun and the crochet gun, most of the ancient gun techniques have been lost. There are many popular marksmanship methods, such as Luo Jia gun, Yang Jia gun, Yue Jia gun, Ma Jia gun, Sha Jia gun, liuhe gun gun, Yagi gun, Zi Long gun, Da Li Hua stick, Emei gun, etc., each with its own merits. But the basic gun skills are still relatively consistent. The main marksmanship methods are blocking, taking and stabbing, as well as some methods such as jumping, picking, poking, winding and dancing. Punch fairly and quickly, straight out and straight in, straight to the tip of your gun, so that the gun penetrates in a line, and the gun is like a hidden dragon out of the water, and it is like a tiger in the hole. There are two ways to stab the gun: upper, middle and lower. Intermediate is the key law, so there is a saying that "intermediate gun is the king of guns, and one of them is the most difficult to stop". ?

Gunmanship in Tang Dynasty

There were many people who were good at guns in the Tang Dynasty, and their gun skills were obviously improved. "The Biography of the Five Dynasties Kings" said: "He is a brave and powerful man who can walk with a hundred paces and ride with an iron gun, so excited that others can't lift it. In the army, he has a Wang Tie gun. After the Song Dynasty, spears were basically replaced by guns. In Wu Jing Zong Yao, Ceng Gongliang listed eighteen kinds of long-rod iron guns in Song Dynasty, including: falling horse gun, double hook gun, ring gun, single hook gun, revolver gun, revolver gun, cone gun and so on. Yue Fei, a famous anti-gold star in the Southern Song Dynasty, was very good at using guns. Up to now, there are still Yue's marksmanship.

Fireworks was created by Yang Yu, an insurgent of Shandong Red Army in Jiading, Southern Song Dynasty, in the fourth year of * * * 12 1. Li Quan's Biography of the History of the Song Dynasty: Li Quan is "agile with a bow and a horse, and can transport iron guns, sometimes called' Li Tie guns'." Yang, the whole wife, "twenty years of pear blossom gun, invincible hand in the world." Qi Jiguang's "Ji Xiaoxin's Book" said: "The method of pike began with Yang's, named pear flower, and the world is salty; The beauty lies in familiarity. When you are ripe, your heart can forget your hand and your hand can forget your gun. " The use of the circle is not sluggish, nor is it more expensive than mute. Quiet, the heart does not move, but it is rich, unpredictable and infinite. "In Jin Yong's Legend of the Condor Heroes, the Yang family gun method was used.

Gunmanship in Ming dynasty

The Ming Dynasty is the heyday of the development and branch of Wushu, so at this stage, the theory and technology of gunfight have been obviously improved, and all marksmanship are competitive. He's "The Story of War" said: "The vest gun, the sand armor pole and Li Jiamao have their own merits. They can be used in both length and depth. They are unstoppable, extremely fast and invincible in the world, but Yang Lihua is also a sharpshooter. " At that time, Yang's marksmanship was highly praised by people, because Yang's gun was "full of truth and falsehood, strange and positive; Its advance is sharp, and its retreat is slow; Its potential is dangerous and its section is short; Don't move like a mountain, move like Lei Zhen ".

The white-pole soldiers in Qin Liangyu in the Ming Dynasty were skilled at marksmanship. All the white-pole soldiers used ash trees * * * that is, lobular barrels * * as long guns, which made great contributions to suppressing the rebellion and resisting the late Jin Dynasty and pacifying the extravagant Chongming rebellion and Zhang rebellion.

Gunmanship in late Qing dynasty

In the late Qing Dynasty, the pike tended to be simple, with flat blade and round barrel bottom. Until today, this type is used in martial arts. At present, the popular guns are big guns, flower guns, double-headed guns, short guns, double guns, hook guns, guns and so on.

Training methods of firearms technology

Basic firearms technology

* * * Slow and steady, the front tube is locked behind, the hands are * * *, steady but not dead, alive but not slippery, and the trend of * * * is that you are flat, that is, your head is flat, your shoulders are flat, your feet are flat, and your gun is flat. Roots are inseparable from the waist, and three points are opposite. The so-called three-point opposition is the tip of the nose, the tip of the gun and the toes. Punch should go straight to the point. It must be upright, flexible and fast, with the waist tendon straight through the gun tip, like a hidden dragon coming in and out. Shooting can be divided into three levels: upper, middle and lower. There is a saying that "intermediate guns are the king of guns, and one of them is the most difficult to stop". Others say that fireworks are "thieves of hundreds of soldiers", which means * * *.

The big gun is the "king of hundreds of soldiers", with a total length of 3.56 meters. The diameter of the handle is one tiger and one beat * * * that is, the letters are full, the thumb, forefinger and fingertip are opposite, and the distance between the three fingers is still empty * * *. The spear head is 0.39 meters long, and its weight depends on the weight of the spear shaft, generally weighing about 1 kg. Marksmanship includes: stabbing, scooping, picking, collapsing, rolling, smashing, shaking, winding, hitting, frustrating, blocking and so on. But there are no ordinary dance flowers. Because the big gun is long and the action range is large, it is required to practice the big gun without leaving the gun. The gun never leaves the center. Strong arm strength, waist strength, leg strength, good posture and sensitive footwork. For example, when stabbing a gun, pay attention to sending it to the front, return it to the top of your head when putting it on the shelf, and return it to the enemy when shooting it down. The action of the big gun is mostly technical and practical. The practice of two people facing each other is to improve the experience and use of various techniques of big guns, and it is also a real long-term practice method.

Gun art related records

Wu Xun, a martial artist in the late Ming and early Qing Dynasties, divided gun training into two parts: basic and practical. The gun training recorded in Zeguzhai's Record of Heavy Banknotes is as follows:

Jingyan ... In 37 years, I met Lu Deyu with Hongzhi and Governor Han Gong of Calm House. Hongji learned skills from the German leader, but the weapon in his hand was unloaded by the German leader, which was heartbreaking, so he invited him to start his career. Liu Shi said:' The second son is useless, and all the branches are empty. If you don't learn to break the law, don't compete with others, and work hard for two years, you can accept my law and resign from today. "It's like saying, I've worked hard with you for two years, and we'll meet again. Teacher Liu gave it a try and said with joy,' I taught my second son to shoot well, and I want nothing more. The second son learned a lot, but he didn't know it was fundamental and hadn't been processed, so I beat him. Now that the roots are solid, the old methods are all mine. How can I teach them? "He also ordered the school to be tied to the old one, and all his battles could be dissolved.

The nearest ancestor of the gun is Liu Dechang, who was a monk in Shaolin Temple and traveled all over the world with * * * *. Later, his gun skills were unique and he was abandoned by the commander of the border guards and became a guerrilla general. Sure enough, the satrap is in Yan Jiao's headquarters. Shidian, Changshu, worshiped the rock and went to see monk Hongji. Hongji's Shaolin is the first, extremely arrogant and contemptuous, and it is a sect skill. However, the staff was beaten by the German leader and was very heartbroken, so Jing Yan was invited to be taught. The German commander said: "My second son's skill is not bad, but when he saw that I had defeated him, his address was extremely solid. For example, if you build a room, it will strengthen its structure and weaken its hall, and the wind and rain will be great. Who will be blessed? The second son can learn from me, learn the old structure and build more halls. " Since the address of the guild hall is impregnable, I will build a new guild hall without adding an inch of wood, which is invincible in the sea. "Hongji and Jingyan were ordered to do it for one year, but they were allowed to enter the room. Teacher Shi teaches you to practice poking first, but not much. Cut it four times and five times, you will breathe and sweat, stop and rest less, and cut it four times and five times. Don't try your best, your arms are slippery, your initial address is unstable, and you can't kill anyone in the face of the enemy. If it is added step by step, it will take 500 days to stamp and hundreds of days to cover the address. ..... After poking, it is to teach the skin, the skin and the heel to sit still. If you move, your hands are unfamiliar, which makes those who are good at poking poke like arrows. If the leather is slightly illegal, the pole will reach out to the body and fall to the ground. The end of the pole is sealed with reed wadding, and thick paper bamboo is tied on the same side in front. However, it is not uncommon for the left wrist and right arm to bleed. There is no end to skin training, and ten or twenty years will benefit the good. ..... Poke skin cooked, and then teach serial, serial, poke a skin, both the host and the guest, want to kill each other, such as hatred * * * with hatred * *. ..... Poke the leather chain well and skillfully, then teach it to break the law, explore the sea with the hag, and win the king with a flat gun in a hundred days. Always once every three years. ...

Playing leather is positive, making leather is changeable, and kung fu is indispensable.

When she was a beginner, Jing Yan asked, "You learn martial arts and are famous for your spirit." I have two or three tricks, and I can dazzle people in just one month. "Yu said," There are many things in the world, and I want to do this without killing thieves in the Central Plains or learning. "Jing Yan said," If you don't work hard for one thousand days, you have to practice peeling for two years and learn to do it for one year before you can achieve great things. If you want to achieve great success, you must practice all your life. "I am convinced of his words and have been practicing for two or three years.

There are many lines. How can we practice as much as possible? You can say they are ordinary. More is raw, not less is cooked. When the number is ripe, it will be added and thus deified. If you are familiar with it, you can use it when you say it; It's no use talking about it if you are not familiar with it. Everything in the world has a head and priorities. How to practice dharma?

As can be seen from the above, the big gun training in Wu Ji is mainly based on poking the skin, and various usages are followed by * * *, indicating various actual changes. In the leather industry, it is based on closure, which means stopping two shots today and poking one shot today. [

Technical characteristics of firearms technology

1, * * * Siping, three-point photo: Because of the length of the gun, it must be held in two hands. * * * Siping, three points added together, is a unique basic posture and technical essentials.

* * * Siping refers to the middle part of the front * * * body, and the back hand buckles the waist and squats into a * * * or semi-* * * posture. This is a basic posture, which requires head level, shoulders level, feet level and gun level.

Three-point shooting means that * * * emphasizes that the tip of your gun should be shot in the middle, the tip of your nose should be shot on it, and the toes should be shot on it. Trident photography should keep a straight line with the side facing straight ahead, which not only narrows the attack surface, but also protects the front with the gun tip, which can keep the enemy away from the gun tip. The more important role is to ensure that the meridian is impartial and the target is accurate when the gun is attacked.

* * * Siping, with three sharp eyes, forms an overall posture, stands upright, has stable feet, and is flexible and changeable, which is beneficial to attack and defense. This posture is also called Zhong Ping gun.

2, * * * * live steadily, the front tube is locked behind: * * must live steadily, and it is easy to take off the handle if it is unstable, otherwise the gun will not be changed quickly.

Front tube and rear lock refers to the basic technology of controlling the gun body with both hands during the movement of firearms. The front hand holding the middle section of the gun body should hold the gun rod like a tube, which can not only cover the gun body from coming out, but also allow the gun rod to slide freely in the hand to become the movement fulcrum of the gun and control the movement direction of the gun, and can also freely adjust the tightness of the grip rod at any time to control the force of the gun. The back hand should hold the handle firmly like a lock and show various marksmanship, such as stabbing/collapsing/splitting/propping/pulling/pulling/cloud/pulling and so on.

3, the gun sticks to a line, but the circle does not hit: the gun sticks to a line, which is an important criterion to judge the quality of gun sticking technology. Sticking directly and taking far is the advantage and specialty of the gun, and it is the most important offensive technology of the gun. When stabbing the gun, it is necessary to draw a force along the longitudinal direction of the gun body, so that the gun body can stab straight and reach the tip of the gun, and send out an inch of force to achieve the requirement of straight and fast, which not only makes the gun stab badly, but also closes quickly.

Blocking and turning are the most important defensive techniques in gun battle. When stopping the gun, taking the gun and turning in circles, it means that the caliber should be strictly limited to the width of a bucket, that is, the width of a body, about 30 cm * * *. This is to ensure the rigor of defense, so as not to let the other side avoid the gun tip because of the wide stop in melee, lose the advantage of long soldiers, and the rotation is invalid, thus being subject to people. Therefore, it is an important technical standard to stick a line on the gun without beating around the bush.