(1) The rise and fall of Languan Pavilion.
Languan Pavilion, a pavilion on Xijing Ancient Road, is located in Bainiuping, Da Qiao Town, in the middle of the mountain called "Zenith Shell". 1986 when investigating cultural relics, there were still stone wall frames on the four walls of Languan Pavilion. From the wall frame and the stones embedded in the pavilion, it can be seen that the pavilion is north-south, with a height of 7.8m and a width of 4.3m, and its four walls are strip-shaped Shi Gan. The architectural framework of site selection and retaining the residual wall is basically the same as the existing intact "Xin Han Ge", "Yang Zhi Ge" and "Shou De Ge". It can be inferred that the Lan Guan Pavilion is a pavilion with the same structure and shape as the three pavilions mentioned above, that is, the four walls are built with Shi Gan, the beam frame has double sloping tile surfaces, the gables are wind-fire walls, the arch is built in the wind-fire walls, and the word "Lan Guan Pavilion" is engraved on the door. According to "Records of Ruyuan County in the 2nd year of Kangxi in Qing Dynasty (1663)", the poem "Lan Guan Ge" written by Zhao, the magistrate of Shaozhou in Ming Dynasty, recorded that Lan Guan Ge was a famous pavilion before Ming Dynasty. The museum has been destroyed many times, and the date of construction of the orchid museum can no longer be verified. After 1986, all the stone walls and stone buildings were demolished, leaving only an inexhaustible natural well on the west side of the pavilion site (today's highway side).
(2) Han Wengong and Lan Guanting.
Han Wengong, namely Han Yu (768-824), was born in Nanyang, Henan Province (now Mengxian County, Henan Province). Because he often called himself "Changli Hanyu" ("Changli" is now Yixian County, Liaoning Province, and Han's family is a famous local family), he was later called Han Changli. Because posthumous title was a "Wen" after his death, later generations also called him the Duke of Chinese Literature. Tang Dezong was a scholar in the eighth year of Zhenyuan (792), and once served as supervisor and assistant minister of punishments. In the 13th year of Tang Dali (778), 10-year-old Han Yu went to Lianshan with his brother Han Hui. In the 19th year of Tang Zhenyuan (803), Han Yu was thirty-five years old, and was demoted to Yangshan County Order for writing The Theory of Drought and Hunger. In the 14th year of Tang Yuanhe (8 19), Han Yu was 5 1 year-old, and served as a doctor in Kyoto (Chang 'an, Shaanxi, now xi 'an). In the first month, Tang Xianzong welcomed the Buddha's bones of Famen Temple into the palace for three days. At that time, the princes and ministers of Beijing set off crazy superstitious activities. In this case, Han Yu's "Buddha's Bone Table" angered Xian Zong and was demoted as the secretariat of Chaozhou. On the 14th day of the first month, Han Yu left Chang 'an and arrived in Chaozhou on the 25th day of the third lunar month. When I left Chang 'an, it was the cold season, and I saw the fog lock in Qin Lingyun. The heavy snow in Languan blocked the way, and the horse hesitated. When Han Yu met his grandnephew, he wrote the poem "Move to Languan to meet his grandnephew". This poem is written like this: "A letter is typed nine days early and eight thousand at Chaoyang Road at night. If you want to eliminate disasters for saints, you are willing to decline and cherish the old. Where is the home of Yunheng Qinling? Snow blocked the blue horse! Knowing that you are far away should be intentional, so that you can collect my bones by the river. "
Han Yu's three trips to Guangdong left an immortal legend, especially his poem "Moving to the left to show my grandnephew's neck". During the period from Kangxi to Qianlong in Qing Dynasty, there was an upsurge of worshipping North Korea along Bainiuping Road in Xijing. There are many legends about Han Yu's crossing the blue pass. A mountain opposite the zenith shell is called Wengong Mountain. Hundreds of meters to the south of Languanting, there is also a Korean cemetery for people to sacrifice. The Bainiuping section is also called "Wen Highway". The Houling Pavilion, built in the Qing Dynasty, and the gazebo where the former Hongyun Town Government of Bainiuping was located were also named "Xin Han Pavilion" and "Yang Zhi Pavilion" respectively for worshipping North Korea. In the 18th year of Qing Qianlong (1753), the Hanting Monument built in the heart also recorded: "According to historical records, there is a North Korean cemetery in Bainiuping on the ridge, and those who surrender will have to pass through Mu Zhi, Lianzhou." In the 18th year of Shunzhi in Qing Dynasty (166 1), Qiu Bingzhen, the magistrate of Ruyuan County, also built the Han Wengong Temple in Bainiuping as a sacrifice. In the second year of Emperor Kangxi of Qing Dynasty, some poems about Lan Guanting and Han Wengong were extracted from Ruyuan County Records. Among them, Zhao, the magistrate of Shaozhou Prefecture in the Ming Dynasty, wrote in "Blue Biography": "In the past, I braved the snow to rush to the cold, but now I still see the mountains. It should be enlightened and vigorous, so all the sages have become stupid. A whip into chaos, eternal fragrance is close at hand. The clothes are deeply rooted in the wind, and I will not hesitate to write a blue biography. " In the 18th year of Shunzhi in Qing Dynasty (166 1), Qiu Bingzhen, the magistrate of Ruyuan County, wrote in "Looking Back at the Blue": "There are horses and chariots in the sand, and passers-by are sad. It is more important to derogate from Lingnan loyalty, and it is not a mystery to be unclean all your life. Lian Mian's promontory is dark at the beginning, and it's sad to open a mountain rock spring after the rain. If you want to wash the cliff, you will linger on the leaves. " Yu, a native of Jiaxing in the Qing Dynasty, wrote: "Living in seclusion in ancient and modern times is not as good as Castle Peak. I still remember Changli crossing this barrier. The earth is immortal because of people, and the pine trees return at the beginning of the month. The road to the Millennium is long, and it is not important to leave a topic for a day. There are traces of broken grass cigarettes, and the fairy wind can no longer be climbed. " These poems not only contain the author's reverence for Han Yu, but also reflect the long, rugged, steep and long history of Xijing Ancient Road.
Fourthly, the historical function and scientific research value of Xijing Ancient Road.
The Xijing Ancient Road is a main road leading from the Central Plains to Lingnan, which has played an important role in history.
(1) The Xijing Ancient Road is a docking passage connecting the Silk Road on land and at sea.
The Xijing Ancient Road, as a commercial road for communication between the north and the south, has a more prominent position, so there are reconstruction records in the Tang, Ming and Qing Dynasties. Nowadays, there are ancient cultural relics along the way, such as Tiyunling "ladder stone steps" excavated by Taiguan in Guiyang in the Eastern Han Dynasty, pavement paved with bluestone slabs rebuilt in Ming and Qing Dynasties, stone pavilions, stone arch bridges, ancient monuments, ancient houses and ancient academies. The Xijing ancient road retains the charm of the ancient road, which is "a thin horse with a west wind" and "beside the ancient road outside the pavilion, the grass is blue and blue". It is a well-preserved docking channel connecting the ancient land and sea Silk Road with a long history and a long route. According to the data, the land Silk Road began in Chang 'an of the Western Han Dynasty, the Maritime Silk Road began in Xuwen and Hepu of Lingnan of the Western Han Dynasty, and the Xijing Ancient Road began in the Eastern Han Dynasty. It was opened after the opening of the Silk Road on Land and Sea, and continued to be rebuilt in the Tang, Ming and Qing Dynasties. It can be seen that it has always played a role in communicating the North and the South. From the name of Tao to the historical role of reality, it shows that this is an ancient road connecting the land and sea Silk Road.
(2) The Xijing Ancient Road spread the Central Plains culture to Lingnan earlier.
Archaeological findings show that Ruyuan was in the late Neolithic period 4,000 years ago, and now Ruyuan Town has been inhabited by human beings in Liaowu Beifu Mountain at the head of Hougong River. During the Xia and Shang Dynasties, the cultural relics unearthed at Zeqiao Mountain in Hou Gongdu show that our ancestors took a big step forward economically and culturally. From the late Western Zhou Dynasty to the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, it was called the Bronze Age. From the scattered bronze swords and spears in the Warring States period, it shows that from this period on, the ancestors began to enter the civilized era from the wild age. The opening of Xijing Ancient Road in the Han Dynasty once became the only way to "connect the three religions and release Guangdong", and communicated the connection between the Central Plains and Lingnan. The influence of Central Plains culture has accelerated the development and prosperity of Lingnan mountainous areas. After the Qin and Han dynasties, the northern nationalities migrated greatly, and a large number of Zhongyuan people moved south, bringing the culture of the Central Plains to the south and mixing with the local indigenous slang people. At the same time, it further communicated and developed the political, economic and cultural organic links between Ruyuan and the Central Plains. During the Southern and Northern Dynasties (420-589), Hou Andu, the most powerful man, appeared in Guitou Town (ancient Qujiang) today and became the earliest historical celebrity in northern Guangdong. Yunmen temple was founded in the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms period. In Song Dynasty, Ruyuan County was established in the third year of Avenue (1 167). During the Ming and Qing Dynasties, the economy, culture and productivity of Ruyuan area developed highly, and a large number of historical and cultural remains along the Xijing Ancient Road, such as ancient bridges, pavilions, academies and ancient houses, fully demonstrated the prosperity of Ruyuan's economic, cultural and commercial exchanges at that time.
(3) The Xijing Ancient Road is a precious cultural relic.
The Xijing ancient road and the ancient cultural relics along the way are precious physical materials for developing tourism and studying the ancient road culture and Hakka history and culture. With the high development of social economy, the pace towards high civilization is getting faster and faster, and the alternation of old and new human society promotes society from ancient times to the present. Cultural relics are the witness of history, and they are also important physical materials for scientific research. They help people understand their own history and creativity through their authenticity and image. It is of great practical significance to make full use of cultural relics, study the origin and history of ancient road culture and Ruyuan Hakka, and enrich and develop the cultural connotation of tourism. The Xijing ancient road and its ancient cultural relics along the way are precious materials that reproduce history, condense civilization, reflect the production and life of ancestors, customs and people's feelings, and record the diligence, courage, wisdom and endless creativity of ancestors. Therefore, it is a valuable resource for developing tourism and studying ancient roads and Hakka culture. The Xijing ancient road and ancient cultural sites along the way should be fully protected and scientifically excavated to make them play their due role.
Roaming the ancient road, I can't help feeling. I wrote a poem to prove it:
The ancient road has a long history of two thousand years, and Lingnan is connected with the Central Plains.
The ancestors opened the ancient and modern roads, and the east wind fought the whip.
Main references:
[1] Biography of Officials in the Later Han Dynasty, Volume 76, Zhonghua Book Company.
[2] Zi Tong Zhi Jian, Zhonghua Book Company, 1976 Shanghai Sixth Printing House.
[3] Records of Ruyuan County in the Second Year of Kangxi in Qing Dynasty (1663), edited by Qiu Bingdian, copied by Zhongshan Library in Guangdong Province in June 1957.
[4] "Ruyuan County Records" in the 26th year of Qing Emperor Kangxi (1687), edited by Zhang, copied in August of 1983.
[5] Records of Ruyuan County in the 26th year of Kangxi in Qing Dynasty (1687), edited by Zhang, noted by the County Records Compilation Committee of Ruyuan Yao Autonomous County in September, 2006, 5438+0.
[6] Two years of Guangxu in Qing Dynasty (1876), edited by Duan Xilin and edited by Shaocheng Wanzhu Park.