The main classics "Tao Te Ching" and? South China True Sutra? Shi Wen Zhen Jing, Xu Chong Zhen Jing, Xuan Tong Zhen Jing, Du Ren Miao Jing, Yin Fu Jing, Jing Jing, Xi Bible, Heart Yin Jing, Huang Ting Biao Jing, Huang Ting Nei Jing, Jade Emperor Jing, Yu Shu, Hua Shu, Fifteen Theories on Chongyang Education, Longmen Heart Method.
I often recite the classics of the morning altar, such as the rhyme of the book, the Eight Diagrams mantra, Tai Shang Lao Jun saying that I will always be quiet, Tai Shang Dong Ling Xuan Bao Miao Jing to eliminate disasters and save my life, Tai Shang Ling Bao Tian Zun Miao Jing to eliminate disasters and solve problems, Huang Yumiao Jing Xin, various precious books and letters, nave Zan, Qiu Zu confession, etc. , and XiaoZan and knot the classics.
Xuanmen recites the lessons of the evening altar every day: Pre-classic rhyme, Taishang Cave Ling Xuanbao Tianzun's wonderful method to save suffering and pull out sins, Yuanshi Tianzun's wonderful method to give birth to Heaven's classic, Taishang Daojun's wonderful method to solve grievances and pull out sins, nave's praise and thanks, Xiao Zanjie's classic and so on.
Taoism/Taoist classics
Taoist book collection refers to the general name of Taoist books, including Taoist sub-books below the Zhou and Qin Dynasties and Taoist classics since the Six Dynasties. It is a collection of Taoist classics, and it is a large-scale Taoist series that sorts out many classics according to certain compilation intention, collection scope and organizational structure.
Different versions
Beiqi Daocang
The large-scale compilation of Taoist books began in the Northern Zhou Dynasty. During the reign of Emperor Wu of the Zhou Dynasty, Taoist Wang Yan was called to Beijing to set up a Taoist temple (that is, the predecessor of the Tang Temple), and eight Taoist priests were chosen. In the year of Northern Friday (570), the Taoist published an addendum to On hundred schools of thought, with a volume of ***6363, which was much higher than that collected by Lu. During the Jiande period, Emperor Wu of Zhou ordered Taoist Wang Yan to "proofread the three-hole classics and seal them in the temple". It is expanded to seven volumes of Pearl Capsule, and all 8,300 volumes of classics are played and stored in the channel view.
Kaiyuan Taoist collection
Because the emperor respected Li Er, the founder of Taoism, he attached great importance to the compilation of Taoist scriptures. During the period of Tang Gaozong, all the Taoist scriptures were published in the world. During the Kaiyuan period (713-741), Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty sent messengers to look for Taoist scriptures. During the Kaiyuan period, Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty wrote a letter to seek Taoist scriptures. During this period, Xuanzong wrote Qionggang Mu Jing, with 7,300 volumes. Later, Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty personally presided over the compilation and revision of Yu Taboo, with a total of more than 9,000 volumes. In the seventh year of Tianbao (748), the imperial edict was written and widely circulated. It's called Kaiyuan Taoist Collection. The two Taoist books supported by Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty reached the peak of sorting out Taoist books in past dynasties.
Baowen Tonglu
During the Anshi Rebellion in the Tang Dynasty, many Taoist books in Beijing were burned, and later the emperor sent people to find and sort them out. In the calendar year, there are 7000 volumes. After the rebellion in the late Tang Dynasty and the Five Dynasties, Taoist classics were collected and preserved by Du Guangting, Ji and Liang Wenju, making four or three Taoist classics in the Six Dynasties. After the founding of the People's Republic of China in the Song Dynasty, Taoist books were collected and collected. Song Taizong had more than 7,000 volumes of Taoist scriptures, and ordered Xu Xuan and Wang Yucheng, the magistrate, to correct them, so that 3,737 volumes were deleted. In the early years of the Northern Song Dynasty, Zhenzong ordered Taoist priests to revise, and ordered Wang Qinruo, the minister in charge, to supplement the revision by Xu and Wang, with a volume of ***4359. Compared with the collected Taoist scriptures revised by Xu Xuan and others, it has increased by 622 volumes and made progress in writing the title, giving it the name "Bao Wen Lu Tong".
Treasure of the Heavenly Palace in the Great Song Dynasty
Because the outline of Bowen Lu Tong is different from that of Joan Gang and Yu Wei, Wang Qinruo and Qi Lun recommended Zhang Junfang to be responsible for the revision. According to the three-hole outline, four volumes are recorded, the products are detailed in Kege, and the similarities and differences are compared, and then the whole volume is 4565 volumes; The letter began with the word "thousand words" and ended with the word "palace", and 466 letters were received with the title "Treasure of Heaven in the Great Song Dynasty". Tianxi three-year spring (10 19) was written as seven treasures.
Zhenghe Wanshou Daocang
During the period of Chongning in the Northern Song Dynasty, Hui Zongsheng aimed to find Taoist suicide notes around the world and ordered Taoist priests to revise them on the basis of the Book and Art Bureau. During the years of Chongning and Daguan, it increased to 5387 volumes. Zheng He published a collection of Tibetan Classics in China, and two letters went to counties to look for the suicide note of Daomen. What they got was a set of classics, which was revised in detail by Taoist Yuan Miaozong and Wang Daojian, and sent to Huang Shang, the county magistrate of Fuzhou, a straight bachelor of Chinese medicine in Longtuge. After that, I entered the warp board in Tokyo (now Kaifeng, Henan Province), with 540 letters and 548 1 volume, called Zhenghe Wanshou Daocang. The carving of Taoist books began in the Five Dynasties, and the collection of the whole printing plate began here.
The great treasure of Jin Xuandou
The edition of Zhenghe Wanshou Daozang was incomplete by the time of Jin Dynasty after the Jingkang Rebellion. In the fourth year of Jin Dading (1 164), Sejong invited Nanjing (that is, Tokyo in Song Dynasty, Kaifeng in Henan Province) to build the Ten Square Tianchang Temple in Zhongdu (the former site is in the west of Baiyun Temple in Beijing). In the first year of Jin Mingchang (1 190), the prefect rushed to fill the position with Master Sun and printed Tibetan scriptures. Later, Sun Mingdao sent Huang Guan to travel around the world to collect Buddhist scriptures, and completed the inscription in two years, with 65,438+0074 volumes of Buddhist scriptures, supplemented by 265,438+0000 volumes and 8,365,438+098 volumes. Sun Mingdao advocated that all couples should list the similarities and differences between Kege and Shang School in detail according to the three holes and four assistants, and explain them once, and compiled 6455 volumes with the title of "The Treasure of Great Jin Xuandou". In the second year of Taihe (1202), Tianchangguan was destroyed by fire, and the warp plate was also destroyed.
Du Xuan's treasure
At the beginning of the Yuan Dynasty, Taoist Song advocated the publication of Taoist scriptures, and made his disciple Qin take care of them in Pingyang Temple. In the third year (1244), the complete works were published, totaling more than 7,800 volumes, also known as Du Xuan Treasure. This Buddhist scripture is kept in Pingyang Du Xuan Temple. After the clan settled down, it moved to the newly-built Chunyang Wanshou Palace in Yongle Town, Pingyang. Because all the people involved in the revision are Quanzhen Taoists, there are a large number of Quanzhen Taoist works in Tibet. In Yuan Xianzong and Yuan Shizu, Taoism failed in the debate between monks and Taoists about Laozi Hu Jing, while Buddhists called for "learning the Tao Te Ching and burning it outside". In the 18th year of Yuan Dynasty (128 1), all Taoist books and printing plates were burned except Tao Te Ching. Among them, the essence of Taoist philosophy, the records of emperors' worship of Taoism, and the books arguing between Taoism and Buddhism mostly did not exist after this burning. Since the Jin, Tang and Song Dynasties, a large number of precious ancient books and Taoist books have been carefully accumulated and preserved by hermits and Taoist priests, which have caused the disaster of "burning classics to the extreme"; Leading to disappearance. Most of the remains are Buddhist scriptures. You can see the characteristics and preciousness of those ancient books. According to textual research, many Taoist books recorded in the Catalogue of Taoist Collectors were lost after burning scriptures in the Yuan Dynasty. The cultural policies of the rulers of the Yuan Dynasty caused irreparable losses to Taoist literature and China culture. From then on, the ancient books that recorded the dispute between Buddhism and Taoism in past dynasties were only unilateral records of Buddhism. It is also the reason why later generations learn more Taoism. It was not until Answering Difficult Questions unearthed in Dunhuang that we got a glimpse of the true face of the debate between Buddhism and Taoism. Chen Yuan's Textual Research on Neo-Taoism in Hebei in the Early Southern Song Dynasty said: "This Catalogue of Quejing was missing when the Ming Dynasty was published." According to rough statistics, Que * * has 794 kinds of 2500 volumes, which is equivalent to half of the orthodox Taoist books in the Ming Dynasty being burned. Since then, as the Ming Dynasty's "Li Weng Dui Yun" said, "There are many famous monks in the world, so we should leave one or two strange peaks to live with my friends." Phenomenon.
Orthodox Taoist scriptures
At the beginning of Ming Chengzu's accession to the throne (1403), Zhang Yuchu, the 43rd generation Shi Tian, compiled and edited Taoist scriptures. During the four or five years of Yongle, he was repeatedly urged. In the eighth year of Yongle, Zhang Yuchu died, and the 44th generation Shi Tian Zhang Yuqing was ordered to continue to preside over the editing work. It was not until the ninth year of orthodoxy (1444) that it was published. Yingzong also ordered Taoist Shao Yizheng to supervise the school, but the increase was not prepared. The following year, it was published and named "Orthodox Collected Taoist Scriptures".
By the Ming Dynasty, although Taoism gradually lost its dominant position in society and government, its power began to decline, but the Ming Dynasty was the most important period to sort out and revise Taoist religious classics. The most complete and largest collection of Taoist scriptures that we can see today was completed during this period.
Taoist scriptures in past dynasties have been compiled several times, but they have all been lost due to historical reasons. So at the beginning of the15th century, Emperor Yongle of the Ming Dynasty ordered the compilation of Taoist scriptures. From 1406- 1445, after decades, the first collection of Taoist scriptures in the Ming Dynasty was finally completed, which was an orthodox collection. * * * There are 5305 volumes and 480 letters. /kloc-more than 0/50 years later, Emperor Wanli once again ordered the compilation of Taoist scriptures, adding a lot of content on the basis of the previous one, that is, "Wanli continued Taoist scriptures."
In the Ming Dynasty, there were 5 10 books and 5,485 volumes. The orthodox Taoist scriptures are divided into twelve parts, including three caves and four auxiliary parts, each of which receives 1430 kinds of books. There are 3 16 kinds of caves; There are 303 kinds of caves and mysteries; There are 364 kinds of cave gods; 117 kinds of Tai Xuan; Sixty-six species of Taiping system; Twenty-four kinds of Taiwan Youth Department; There are 240 kinds of the same book. However, the division of orthodox Taoism is very confusing. For example, Taoist teachings such as Tao Te Ching should be listed in the first column of Tao Te Ching, but now Du is wrongly listed in the first column of Tao Te Ching. Shangqing Jing is the real part of the cave, and now most of it has been mistakenly entered into the first part; Du's scholars were imprisoned in the mysterious cave department, but now they have mistakenly entered the real cave department. The interpretation of Taoism should go into the metaphysical department, but they also went into the cave. There are many such cases. Therefore, the number of books received by the above departments can no longer reflect the true number of their books; The number of books received above is only a rough idea. Many of these books are just one kind, but in fact they contain many kinds. For example, The Ten Books of Xiuzhen contains more than ten kinds of poems and essays collected by the descendants of Nanzong, such as Then Big Collection, Shangqing Collection, Yulong Collection and Wuyi Collection. Seven Days Cloud is a collection of books, either excerpts or full texts, and the number of books collected is countless. Therefore, the number of books actually received is more than the above figures. In addition to Zhang Yuchu, Shao Yizheng and others, Taoist priests who participated in the compilation can also be tested, such as Tu in Yongle, Yu Daochun and Tang in Daotong. There are 3 and a half books of orthodox Taoism in Beijing Library. The other is in Nanyang Library; Shanghai library is only half. There is also the Wanli publication "Taoist Collection" collected by Qingdao Museum.
Wanli continued to collect Taoist scriptures.
There are many omissions in compiling orthodox Taoist scriptures because of poor search. In the thirty-fifth year of Wanli (1607), The Collection of Continuing Roads, the school magazine of the fiftieth generation of the country, also took "thousands of words" as the letter, from Du to Ying. Every 32 letters, with a volume of 180, are called "Wanli Road Continuation Collection".
Photocopy of Hanfen Building
The Buddhist scriptures of Zhengdao and Xudao spread to the Qing Dynasty, and there were flaws every day. In the 26th year of Guangxu (1900), Eight-Nation Alliance invaded Beijing and was completely annihilated. In the Ming and Qing Dynasties, although many Taoist collections were awarded to various temples, few of them were preserved through repeated military exercises. 1June, 923 to1April, 926, the Commercial Press photocopied the original and the sequel of the collection of Beijing Baiyun Temple in the name of Hanfen Building, and reduced it to six pages of lithographs. Each Brahma has two pages and one page, and the volume is 1 120. However, although the collection of Baiyunguan has been restored by Wang Tingbi in Daoguang for twenty-five years (1845), it is still incomplete. For a complete catalogue, please refer to Volume 4 of the General Catalogue of Collected Taoist Scriptures. The library selected 170 species from the whole book and printed 398 volumes of collected Taoist scriptures. There are two kinds of detailed notes in the Catalogue of Collected Taoist Scriptures in Ming Dynasty, each with four volumes, edited by Bai and Li Jie respectively. Everyone has a little solution. Bai's "detailed notes" are included in Sikuquanshu.
Daoist/Taoist Canon
During the reign of Emperor Kangxi of Qing Dynasty, Patten collected more than 200 kinds of Taoist books and compiled them into Taoist Books Collection, which was divided into 28 episodes and more than 200 volumes according to 28 brands. It records important Taoist classics, ancestors' works, real people's stories, scientific instruments' commandments, biographies of inscriptions, etc., which are actually abridged versions of Taoist scriptures, including late books published outside the Taoist scriptures in the Ming Dynasty. During the Jiaqing period, Jiang compiled 1 Volume Catalogue of Collected Taoist Scriptures. In the thirty-second year of Guangxu (1906), due to the rarity of the original edition, Chengdu Erxian 'an Taoist Academy reprinted it, adding five volumes of Collection of Taoist Scriptures edited by He Longxiang, and simultaneously engraving the Collection of Taoist Scriptures and the Collection of Female Dan with the world. In addition, The Collection of Taoist Scriptures 1 edited by Min Yide and The Essence of Taoist Scriptures edited by Princess Xiao are both supplements to Taoist Scriptures. The essence of Taoist scriptures contains more than 800 kinds of ancient books, isolated books and notes of Taoist scriptures, and more than 0/000 kinds of annotation books/kloc. Its wide collection of books, fine content, expensive edition and fine selection of periodicals are four wonders. Because of the voluminous collection of books, it is very inconvenient to find them. 1In July, 953, Weng Dujian compiled a book entitled Subtitle of Taoist Collection, which was divided into classification, classics, writers and historical biographies according to the contents of Orthodox Taoist Collection, Wanli Continued Taoist Collection, Catalogue of Taoist Collection and Collection of Taoist Collection. 1949, Chen wrote A Textual Research on the Origin and Development of Taoist Books (1963), and made a lot of textual research on the origin and development, teaching, Taoist bibliographies and compilation of Taoist books in past dynasties.