Ancient Shu plank road

Liu

Turning over the old map, we will find that Chencang Road, Xiexie Road, Luo Luo Lu Road and Woods Road leading from Guanzhong to Hanzhong, Jinniu Road, Micang Road and Litchi Road leading from Hanzhong to Sichuan are like a fine net woven diagonally between Qinling and Daba Mountain, connecting Qinchuan and Sichuan Basin, two ancient land of abundance.

Central Qin has been the capital of emperors since ancient times. Guanzhong area, which has long been the political, economic and cultural center of the country, is facing the contradiction between the sharp increase of population and the shortage of production and living materials, while the Sichuan basin is rich in products, and the exchanges between the two places are inevitable. Biography of Huo Zhi in Historical Records records: "(Qin) Zhao ruled Xianyang, because the capital of Han, the tombs of Chang 'an, and the four directions gathered together, the land was small, and his people played tricks, and things ended. "The south is Bashu. Bashu is also very fertile, and the land is rich in tools such as ginger, cinnabar, stone, copper, iron, bamboo and wood. ..... but four blocks. " For the ancient Shu ancestors, occlusion became the biggest obstacle to their development. Guanzhong area is the most developed area in economy and culture, and the attraction from the north is huge. Micang Mountain and Daba Mountain in the east-west direction in the north become the first natural barrier connecting the north and the south, and Qinling Mountain in the north of Hanzhong becomes the second barrier. Therefore, it is necessary to cross Micang Mountain, Daba Mountain, and then to Qinling Mountain, so that it is possible for the ancestors of Bashu to communicate with Guanzhong area. Therefore, getting through the northern traffic line is the key to Shu Road.

During the Warring States Period, in order to open the road from Shaanxi to Sichuan, the State of Qin began to build a sloping plank road in 267 BC. This plank road, with a total length of more than 200 kilometers, starts from Shui Gu, southwest of Meixian County at the northern foot of Qinling Mountains 15 kilometers, and ends at Baoshuiyu, 5 kilometers north of Baocheng County at the southern foot of Qinling Mountains. It is made by cutting mountains and breaking stones on steep cliffs, making holes and laying boards. At that time, gunpowder had not been invented. Under the natural conditions that the upper part is a precipice and the lower part is a torrent, the ancestors first used the method of "fire and water shock" to cut mountains and break stones, then cut holes 30 cm square and 50 cm deep in the rock wall, put a wooden stake in the upper, middle and lower rows respectively, then put an awning on the upper row of wooden stakes, pave the road on the middle row of wooden stakes, and use the wood support on the next row of wooden stakes as a framework. According to local conditions, builders have created a variety of plank road shapes, such as standard type, stone product type, thousand beams without columns, inclined frame type, trough type, multi-layer column flat beam type and so on. All these reflect the wisdom and sweat of the ancients in the process of building the ancient Shu plank road.

With the passage of Shu Road, a large amount of money, grain and taxes were continuously transported from Sichuan to Chang 'an, and the Zhou, Qin, Han and Tang Dynasties, which successively established their capitals in Chang 'an, gained a solid and rich foundation for governance and management. "This country is rich in Bashu, which is a treasure house." From Longyou and Hexi areas, business travelers must take what the army and postal services give them. "At the same time, the advanced mode of production, social civilization and management system in Guanzhong area have also entered Sichuan continuously, and then extended from Sichuan to Guizhou, Yunnan, Qinghai and Tibet in the west, providing great intellectual support for the development of western China in ancient times. Throughout the ages, people who come and go on the Shu Road have left countless stories, which have precipitated into immeasurable cultural heritage and condensed into colorful cultural landscapes. These stories, heritages and landscapes always warm our spiritual home and nourish our culture.

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1. What aspects does this article mainly introduce the ancient Shu plank road? Please summarize it briefly. (4 points)

2. What's the function of quoting the words in Biography of Historical Records and Huo Zhi in the second paragraph? (2 points)

What does "these" mean in the last sentence of the third paragraph? (4 points)

4. One of the following statements is consistent with the original content () (2 points)

A. The ancient Shu plank road consists of Micang Road, Xiexie Road, Luo Luo Lu Road and Woods Road connecting Guanzhong and Hanzhong, and Jinniu Road, Chencang Road and Lizhi Road connecting Hanzhong and Sichuan.

B. For ancient ancestors, they had to cross Micang Mountain and Daba Mountain to cross the barrier of Qinling Mountains when they came to Guanzhong from Bashu or entered Sichuan from Guanzhong.

C. The inclined road in the ancient Shu plank road starts from the inclined Shui Gu at the southwest of Baocheng County at the southern foot of Qinling Mountains 15km, and ends at Baoshui Valley at the northern foot of Qinling Mountains, 5km north of Meixian County.

D Due to the passage of ancient Shu plank road, the advanced production mode, social civilization and management system in Guanzhong area provided great intellectual support for the development of ancient western China.

Reference answer

1. Overview, construction reasons, construction methods and functions.

2. Explain that the communication between Guanzhong and Sichuan is inevitable; Enhance the persuasiveness of the article; Structurally, it also plays a connecting role (transition).

3. Use the method of "fire and water shock" to cut mountains and break stones, drill holes and frame trees, and lay boards on them; Construction time; Created a variety of plank road shapes.

4.D