Medieval music:

First of all, religious music

Gregory's mono music is mostly sung in Latin, and is sung by reciting Latin prose, and the content is mostly extracted from the Bible.

Mass is the most important part of Catholic religious ceremony, which is held to commemorate the dedication of Jesus. Its name comes from the Latin translIteration of the ceremony, "ite, missa est" (meaning: after the ceremony, the congregation quits). Generally, it can be divided into three categories: solemn mass, also known as grand mass; Small mass is a simplified form of solemn mass; Special mass, adjusted according to different seasons or festivals, such as wedding vows mass, wedding mass, etc. Requiem is a special mass to commemorate the dead. The lyrics follow the content of the normal mass, often omitting the glory sutra and the creed sutra, and adding the "last judgment".

Second, secular music.

"Bards": Most of them come from aristocratic families, wearing red jackets, yellow hoods, jumpsuits, riding horses, carrying Viele's piano, and going from castle to castle to find donors who are willing to help them. They write their own poems, compose their own music, and sing multi-dimensional love stories, wars and legends, such as describing rural scenery, praising the love of heroes, knights and shepherdess, and so on. The process of singing is roughly like this: first, play a prelude with Vieille, and then play and sing music by yourself in the background of several persistent notes. The music style is characterized by clear paragraphs/standard rhythms, roughly the same length of musical bars, and most of the modes used are big modes, and the structure of works is generally composed of two paragraphs. In Germany, people call Budd a "love song poet".

Third, polyphonic music.

Gregorian chant originally belonged to monophonic music. Later, the musicians in the monks tried to add four or five degrees of parallel tone to the original chant, which not only set off the original chant, but also enriched the expressive force of music. This polyphonic music form is called "Ogram" by later generations. After the 9th century, polyphony appeared, and was gradually widely used in religious music and secular music, from the first two to three, four or even more. In the 1 1 century, monks and musicians added parallel tunes to the original chanting songs, changed the rule that they could only be parallel, and boldly used the oblique and reverse ways between tunes, resulting in the alternation and change of voices and enriching the means of music expression. People call this hymn "discantus". By the13rd century, polyphonic music had two genres: "McTate" and "Conductor". Classical songs are developed on the basis of Olgannon, that is, a part singing different lyrics is added to the original hymn, and the tunes of this part mostly come from secular music, which makes secular music and religion combine intentionally or unintentionally. There are both Latin lyrics and French lyrics, and some works are composed of three or four parts, which are different lyrics, and the singing effect can be imagined. The authors of this kind of classical songs pay attention to the horizontal effect of each voice, and don't care whether the voices are coordinated or not, nor do they care about the vertical effect of music, but this is the starting point of polyphonic music and the only way to transition from monophonic music stage to polyphonic music stage in music history. The difference between Concord and Goethe is that it has no hymn part, that is to say, the whole work is composed by a composer, with simple musical form, symmetrical parts between parts, free musical development techniques and wide playing contents. From Organon to Not Satisfied, to Wen Jing Ge, and finally to Concordia, this series of changes and development shows the footsteps of music growth.

Music of the Renaissance.

I. Characteristics

Secular music has gradually grown in the prevailing environment of religious music, resulting in many new vocal genres such as chansons and Pastoral. Polyphony music gradually developed, and the styles of major, minor and tonic harmony began to be accepted by people. Music theory and musical instruments have their own new developments.

baroque music

I. Overview

The word "Baroque" came into being in the Renaissance and flourished in the period of 1600- 1750. "Baroque" comes from Portuguese, which means irregular pearls. In Italian, it means impulsiveness, willfulness, exaggeration and fantasy.

Second, the emergence of opera.

Italy: Florence-Venice-Naples

France

Britain, England

Germany

Third, the new vocal music genre.

oratorio

oratorio

sonata

concerto grosso

suite

fugue

On behalf of:

Gandel

Opera Works: Almila, Nile, Rodrigo, Agrippir, Rada Misto, Beggar Opera.

2 A brief history of western music development

Oratorio: Saul, Israel in Egypt, Messiah.

Orchestral music: water music, fireworks music, forest music, etc.

Musical sketches: Wideboard, Happy Blacksmith, etc.

Vacation cabin

Vocal music: oratorio, oratorio, passion, mass

Instrumental Music: Suite, Tokata, Fugue, Prelude, Variations, Concerto.

Common works: Mass in B minor, Passion of Matthew, Ode to the Virgin, Christmas oratorio, Tocata and fugue in D minor, Prelude and fugue in A minor, 12-balanced piano collection, French Suite, English Suite, Brandenburg Concerto, G.

Vienna classical school

First, the word "classical" comes from Latin and is willing to be a model, that is, to worship and imitate ancient Greek and Roman civilization as a landscape classic. There are two meanings: one is to inherit the cultural traditions of ancient Greece and Rome, and there is a inheritance relationship in artistic thought and pursuit; The second is to pursue perfect order in the works of literary and art groups, with the goal of clarity of artistic thoughts and elegance of expression.

On behalf of:

Haydn

Father of Symphony: Composed 104 symphonies, represented by the last one 12. A mature four-movement suite structure of symphony is established: the first movement, sonata form; The second movement, lyric adagio (usually in the form of a complex trilogy); The third movement, a minuet in folk dance style (usually a trilogy); The fourth movement is a lively and cheerful dance music type (mostly Rondo or Sonata). Symphony No.94 (Surprise), Symphony No.0/00 (Army), Symphony No.0/0/Kloc (Clock), Symphony No.0/03 (Drum) and Symphony No.0/04 (London) are widely circulated.

String Quartet: Emperor, Lark

Oratorio: Genesis and the Four Seasons

Mozart

Opera: The main works are Temptation of the Harem, The Wedding of Fei Garraud, The Magic Flute and Don? Yellow (form)

Concertos: Piano Concerto No.24 in C minor, Piano Concerto No.20 in D minor, Piano Concerto No.5 in A major, Flute Concerto in G major, Clarinet Concerto in A major, etc. The creation of concerto establishes the structural form of three movements: the first movement is sonata-like, often with two presentation parts, full of drama and lyricism; The second movement is Adagio movement, most of which have singing characteristics; The third movement is Rondo, which has some secular characteristics.

Chamber Music: Six String Quartet, String Quintet in G minor and String Quintet in C major dedicated to Haydn.

Religious music: Coronation Mass, Mass in C minor, Requiem.

Beethoven

The first stage: inheriting the artistic style and creative techniques of Haydn and Mozart. The innovation lies in replacing the solemn minuet with a fast scherzo movement.

The second stage: Symphony No.1 in C major, Symphony No.2 in D major, Piano Concerto No.1 in C major, Ballet Prelude to Prometheus, Piano Concerto No.3 in C minor, Opera Federio, Symphony No.3 (Hero), Piano Sonata in F minor (Passion) and Symphony No.5 in C minor.

The third stage: breaking through the tradition, using asymmetric or even odd ways to form the sentence pattern of the main body of music, and realizing the initial transformation from classicism to romanticism. He often avoids using termination, but uses an ambiguous termination to express his musical thoughts. As a result, the audience's hearing can not produce a satisfactory sense of ending, and it is still in an unstable state, perhaps the original version of Wagner's so-called "endless melody". Created a new form of music called "large variation"

Romantic music

First, the word Romanticism originated from Latin Romanticism, which refers to a folk genre called "Legend" written by Latin Romanticism in the Middle Ages.

Second, German and Austrian music.

Third, Italian music.

Fourth, French music.

Five, other important genres, ballet music, title music.

The intransitive verb Hungarian music

Seven, Polish music

Eight, Czech music

Nine, Russian music

Late romantic music

On behalf of:

weber

Opera: Free Shooter (also known as Magic Shooter), Youlandi and oberon.

schubert

Art songs: Margaret by the Spinning Wheel, Devil, Wild Rose, Faith in Spring, Ode to Our Lady, Poet, Trout, You are Peace, Wanderer's Nocturne, Sunset, Endless Love. Warmly welcome you, Wanderer.

A brief history of western music development

Chamber music: piano quintet Trout, quartet Death and Maiden, piano trio in E flat major, string quintet in C major, fantasia for violin and piano, etc.

Mendelssohn

Symphony: Scottish symphony, symphony overture finger hole, overture midsummer night's dream, religious reform symphony, etc.

Robert Schumann

Piano works: Butterfly Collection, Carnival, Dance of David's Members, The Occasion of Crissler, etc.

Art songs: song collection, vocal divertimento Love of Poet, vocal divertimento Love and Life of Women, Myrtle song collection, narrative song Two Grenadiers, etc.

Symphony: Symphony No.1 in B flat major (Spring) and Symphony No.4 in D minor.

1842 year of chamber music: string quartet (A minor, F major and A major), piano quartet in E flat major, piano quintet in E flat major, piano trio in D minor and piano trio in F minor presented to Mendelssohn for the first time.

Oratorio: Heaven and Immortality

65438+1950s: Symphony No.3 in E flat major (Rhine) and Symphony No.4 in D minor.

Brahms

F (freedom) -A (however) -E (loneliness).

Wagner

Opera: Tristan and isolde, The Ring of Nibelungen (prelude to Gold on the Rhine), The First Valkyria, The Second Siegfried, The Dusk of the Third Gods, The Famous Singer of Nuremberg, percival.

Rossini

Opera: Marriage Certificate, Tancredi, an Italian girl from Algeria, Barber Seville, William? Retreat "

Verdi

Opera: Lombardy, Ernane, King of the Day, nabucco, Macbeth, Two Foscalis, Robbers, Battle of Leniano, Pirates, Louisa? Miller, Sicilian vespers, bard, Jester (also known as Ligoletto), La Traviata, Simon? Masquerade, Don? Carlos, Force of Fate, Ayida, Othello, Falstaff, etc.

Jacques Offenbach

Father of French operetta: The Beautiful Helena, Life in Paris, Duchess of Grostein, Flo in the Signing, etc.

Cournot

Opera: Faust, etc.

Bicai:

Opera: Doctor's House, Doctor Miracle, Pearl Picker, Beauty of Perth City (Beautiful Perth Girl), Girl of Alai City, Carmen, etc.

Symphony: Symphony No.1 in C major

Berlioz

Symphonic Fantasia, Symphonic Overture King Lear, Symphonic Roman Carnival, Requiem Mass, Symphonic Funeral and Triumph, Drama Symphony Romeo and Juliet, Drama oratorio The Fall of Faust (also known as Faust's Punishment), Rakosi March, Flea Song, etc.

Shengsang

The first symphony, the second symphony and the third symphony; Opera Silver Tone, Samson and Delilah, one-act drama The Yellow Princess; Orchestral music The Spinning Wheel of Angphal, Felton, Dance of Death, Youth of Hercules, First Suite of Algeria, Piano Concerto No.2-4, Violin Concerto 1-3, Cello Concerto 1 No.

Piano Quartet, Animal Carnival, etc.

Elke

The founder of the Hungarian National Opera, one of his songs was positioned as the Hungarian national anthem in 1845.

The opera Hong? Laszlo, governor of Bunker.

Liszt

Piano works: sonata in B minor, funeral procession, variations on the dance of death, the third episode of the year of tour, hungarian rhapsody19; Symphony works include 12 symphonies, Dante and Faust. The oratorio "The Legend of Saint Elizabeth" and so on.

Hungarian coronation mass; Jesus Christ oratorio

Chopin

Warsaw stage: Mazzuca in A minor, Mazzuca in C major, Mazzuca in F major, Bologna in E flat major, Polonaise in D minor, piano concerto in E minor, piano concerto in F minor, etc.

4 A brief history of western music development

Paris stage: Scherzo in B minor, revolutionary etude in C minor, prelude in A minor, ballad in G minor, sonata in B flat minor, etude in B minor, Mazuka in G minor, Mazuka in E minor, Fantasy Polonaise in A flat major, etc.

Bedric Bedrich Smetana

Three poetic polkas, three polkas (in F major, F minor and E major)

Symphonic poem: Richard III, camping in wallenstein, Lord Konka.

9 operas: Liebscher, Daripol, Brandenburg, Czech Republic, Xi's "Bride Betrayed", etc.

Symphonic poem suite "My Motherland"; String Quartet My Life.

Dvorak

Moravian duet, one-act opera "The King is a Coal Worker", one-act opera "Two Stubborn People", symphony No.3-5, piano concerto in G minor; Opera jacobins, Symphony No.6-8, Prelude of Husse Sect, Trilogy of Nature, Life and Love, Slavic Dance, Seven Gypsy Songs (including songs taught by my mother), Symphony No.9 in E minor and Cello Concerto in B minor; Symphonic poems: Water Demon, Banshee at Noon, Golden Spinning Wheel and Wild Pigeon; Opera "Devil and Katja" and "Water Fairy".

Greg

Piano concerto in A minor, two tragedies of string works (trauma and late spring), violin sonata No.2 in G major, violin sonata No.3 in C minor, string quartet in G minor, piano sonata in E minor, and poetic drama Pearl? Gold ".

Kallinikos, Kronga

Opera Rusland and lyudmila, Ivan? Susanen "

A powerful group:

Balakirev: The score of King Lear, the symphonic poem Tamara and the piano Islamic Fantasia.

Guy: William Opera House? Ratkelev; Four children's operas Snow Warrior, Little Red Riding Hood, Cat in Boots and Little Fool Ivan Noska; Three orchestral scherzos, four suites and solemn marches; Piano works include Innocence, Little Waltz, Dedicated to Schumann, Like a Song, Gem Flower, Lullaby, Mazzuca Dance, Country Scherzo, Polonaise Dance, Italian Nocturnal and Waltz Capriccio.

Bao Luoting: On the grassland of Central Asia.

Musorgskiy: Piano Sonata in E-flat Major, Piano Sonata in F-flat Major, Orchestral Scherzo in B-flat Major, Piano Duet in C-flat Major, Four-handed Scherzo, Orchestral Witch (later renamed Night of the Barren Saint John) and Symphonic Photo Exhibition.

Rimsky-Korsakov: Arabian Nights

Pyotr Il'yich Tchaikovsky

Piano Concerto No.1, Winter Dream Symphony, Ukrainian Symphony, Fantasy Overture Romeo and Juliet, Symphony Francesca? Da? Rimini, Swan Lake Ballet, Symphony Fantasia Storm, String Quartet in D Major, String Quartet in F Major, Polish Symphony, Opera Eugene? Onegin, Queen of Spades, Symphony No.4, ballet Nutcracker, Sleeping Beauty, 18 12 overture, Italian capriccio, etc.

In fact, we have all the time here ... Look carefully ... Hehe ... I can't find the specific timetable. ..

If you are talking about classical music

It began in the baroque era.

Is the beginning of this article.