Shakespeare

",the first collection of works and a rare seasonal and historical theater costumes, and a book. As for the size of the modern paperback, it is not particularly old-from1907-nor particularly rare. But interestingly, unlike many other works, this book is about how terrible william shakespeare is.

Russian novelist

tolstoy

Not a fan of Shakespeare, in this book, Tolstoy described by Shakespeare claims that he "totally disagrees with this universal worship". When reading Shakespeare, he said, "I feel an irresistible rejection and boredom", and wondered if he mistakenly thought that "all works regarded as the pinnacle of perfection in the whole civilized world are insignificant, positive and bad". Or whether the civilized world is crazy. He has read all these. Now, as a 75-year-old man, he can look back and honestly say that everything he feels is "rejection, boredom and confusion".

1897 left Tolstoy, not a Shakespeare fan; His Shakespeare's Tolstoy is on display in the British Library. (Photo, from left: Library of Congress/LC-DIG-PPMSCA-37767; Provided by the British Library)

"The content page of this book is very wonderful, because it lists everything he thinks Shakespeare is wrong," said Xavier Cox, curator of Shakespeare's top ten behaviors. This is a detailed list, including that Shakespeare's characters speak "the same Shakespearean, pretentious and unnatural language, not only they can't speak it, but also the living people have never spoken or can't speak it". The refreshing evidence shows that not everyone likes Shakespeare.

However, April 23rd this year marks the 400th anniversary of Shakespeare's death. Nevertheless, Tolstoy celebrated that Budd was the best man in the world and could be a playwright. Even the general remarks initiated by angry Russian writers have not damaged the reputation of the stone carving industry, nor have they been supported by the vast number of industry experts.

The first work of 1623 comes from the British Library. (picture:

Clare

Kendall)

But why on earth do we still care about Shakespeare, a man

the Enlightenment

Playwrights who died before the industrial revolution, several major wars and the technology that dominated our lives today? We hardly even speak the same language-what has to do with him? Why should we perform his play?

Peter brooke 1970 is

A Midsummer Night's Dream

The explanation took place on a stage composed of white boxes. (Photo: RegWilson Royal Shakespeare Company)

Ironically, this is Tolstoy, who fell ill after reading Shakespeare's works. There may be an answer, or at least a part of it. What frustrated Tolstoy most was how Shakespeare neglected to provide his characters with clear reasons for their actions, and how he made the meaning and intention of the drama ambiguous. "From a novelist's point of view, he thinks Shakespeare is not good because he doesn't properly explain the motives of his role," willcocks said.

However, these gaps are filled with explanations again and again. Willcocks said: "(Tolstoy) criticized Shakespeare for depriving them of these things, but these ambiguities enable people to adapt to drama in many ways, which is really a force."

Global actor Richard Burch. (Photo: Trustee of Dewei Gallery, London/Provided by British Library)

There is even reason to believe that Shakespeare deliberately created this vague pattern so that players (usually actors he knows) can make their own explanations. "We must remember that Shakespeare is an actor. We must remember that he knows that every role will be played by the man or boy who plays that role, "said Dr. RalphAlanCohen, co-founder and mission manager of the American Shakespeare Center in Stanton.

Virginia

, one of the most important Shakespeare research and performance centers in the United States. "He also knows that it will be filled by the audience."

How Shakespeare's plays have been applied in the past four centuries is very important, which will inevitably change according to the cultural background, Shakespeare's reputation and technical ability; Some situations have made drama almost unrecognizable. In the century after his death, Shakespeare's reputation was positive, but his plays were also considered outdated and problematic in some cases.

On the left side of King Lear, "168 1 year was changed by Nahum Tate"; That's right. The fifth act sculpture 18 17, sc 1, with Tate line. (photo, from left: public domain; Folger Shakespeare Library/Cutting /CCBY-SA4.0)

After the cruel years in England, in the years after charles ii rebuilt the throne in 1660, the restored audience did not like what they saw, and many of Shakespeare's plays were completely rewritten to better adapt to the times. For example, in King Lear, a king is driven by his bad decision, and the crazy story of treating his only daughter who really loves him is too sad. The motives of the characters are too difficult to understand and people can't be alone. Later became

England

Poet Laureate NahumTate completely rewrote the script at 168 1 and gave up.

April Fools' Day

And provided Adelia with a place

love story

The whole play ends with a happy ending. Some staunch critics ignored it, which meant that it was a Lear version of Tate until 1838, when.

Victorian era

They think they like their original Shakespeare (although the source of Shakespeare actually has a satisfactory ending, perhaps the Tate version is more accurate). Now, which outstanding actors are playing King Lear-Ian Macland, Lawrence Olivier, Michael gamble and john gielgud.

retiring age

As Shakespeare wrote, this play is often listed as one of his best plays.

John dryden, rewrote the storm. (Photo: FolgerShakespeareBY-SA4.0)

Shakespeare's version of "The Tempest", the story that the wizard Prospero died with his daughter, is also "fixed", or more accurately, an overburdened spectacle. 1667, the play was rewritten and renamed TheTempest, or was renamed The Magic Island by JohnDryden and WilliamD'Avenant; Partly simplified, and shining in it-Prospero's daughter Miranda got a sister like enslaved caliban, and the new version made progress in stage technology. Magic Island, like Tate's King Lear, has been the dominant version for nearly 200 years, and it was finally held in the bloated 1857 of Charles Keane in London, which lasted for five hours and required 140 stages to realize.

Denmark

Fable writer HansChristianAnderson was in the audience, then announced that the experience was over, and pointed out: "The direction of the machine and the stage can provide everything, but people will feel overwhelmed, tired and empty after seeing it."

The sketch "The Storm" produced by Charles Keane in 1857 needs 140 stages. (Source: folger Shakespeare Library /CCBY-SA4.0)

Another sketch of KeanTempest's works. (Source: folger Shakespeare Library /CCBY-SA4.0)

"Throughout history, you will only see what the audience will welcome, so the director will only propose box office blockbusters." "Magic Island has made a fortune, and it always attracts people," willcocks said. Not only at that time, directors were taking Shakespeare as a hot topic, which is obviously what we are doing now. "In addition, this exhibition also includes a west side story movie poster.

Romeo and Juliet

One of the more famous adaptations, but there may not be enough room for my own Idaho (Henry IV, I and II, Henry V). I hate your ten things (taming reindeer), forbidding the planet (storm), O (Othello) or Ran (King Lear), or dozens of other modern old stories. The words have changed, but the core of the story remains the same.

Film adaptations include: west side story, My Own Idaho and 10 Things I Tell You. (Photo: folger Shakespeare Library/ccby-sa4.0; CourtesyFineLine features courtesy touchstone picture)

"This shows that this is a cliche, but Shakespeare is really a poet of human nature," said Dr Cynthia Lewis, a professor of Shakespeare in davidson college, North Carolina. "Some things are about human nature. Although the cultural impulse has shifted, they just present different incarnations. You know, a sad son is a sad son to some extent. " Of course, Shakespeare was

Hamlet

The content of the film runs through the banquet and

The Lion King

Of course, as Lewis wrote in a recent article about the literary magazine Shenandoah, he felt inexplicable sadness after the death of NASCAR racer DaleEarnhardtJr at 200 1.

But we should not only adapt to his plays, but also to our current cultural and social forms-we should continue to write their plays word for word. So Shakespeare is not only good at discovering and abandoning power stories, but also good at expressing their views. "He just listens to the way we talk," Cohen said. "It's not just how we talk, how we listen and how we respond. When we don't talk, he just works hard for it …" He is a great poet, but he is also a great imitator. "In other words, he didn't just describe human beings as a poet-he made them feel real.

1888 A Midsummer Night's Dream. (Photo: New York Public Library)

VivianLeigh plays Tania in 1937 Old Vic's A Midsummer Night's Dream. (Source: JWDebenham/ Thank you.

University of Bristol

And the ARENApal/ Mander and Mitchenson collections in the British Library).

However, this language may get lost on the page and we can only hear it in our own minds. Perhaps Tolstoy's biggest problem is that he is reading Shakespeare-Shakespeare, which scholars and actors say is for performance. Willcocks said: "It is still very difficult. We don't understand every word, but actors can bring meaning and feeling to a very high level. Once they show it, things will naturally follow. " Willcocks said. Cohen spent most of his life instructing Shakespeare. He explained that one of the joys of his works was that the audience discovered Shakespeare through performance. Usually, they congratulate him after the performance: "My favorite is' Great! Who translated it into modern English? We left,' we didn't meet a word'. "

So plays are still relevant because we execute them, not the other way around. Not so much, every production will create new life for the characters or plays, but keep these plays breathing when importing and exporting.

The Cushman sisters are Romeo and Juliet. 1846. (Photo: folger Shakespeare Library /CCBY-SA4.0/ British Library)

This is also about who is playing Shakespeare now. The fourth act of Shakespeare's Top Ten Performance Art Exhibition in the British Library is 1660, when the latest theatre in London was built on a converted tennis court. She saw the role of Desdemona played by women in black and white for the first time. Her name was not recorded, but a preface was played before the performance of the script to assure the audience that Desdemona was indeed a real woman, because the actor meant, "I saw this lady." Women on the stage have opened up new channels and sources of income: for example, when women play male roles, the audience has expanded, because male drama lovers like to tighten their legs too much.

Al Aldridge, painted on 1826. (Photo: Christie's)

The London exhibition also focused on Ella Aldridge, who was the first black actress to play Othello in the British stage play 1825. Aldridge is an American. He stayed in the United States to break racial prejudice and explore the performing arts career in Britain. Although he faced racial discrimination throughout his career in Europe, he also played roles in many Shakespeare plays, including Sherlock, Richard III and King Lear of Richard III in The Merchant of Venice. Although aldridge's career did not trigger a sudden revolution, it paved the way for non-white actors in later generations. In the 1980s and 1990s, Shakespeare's "color blindness" and multicultural casting and stage became more and more popular. "It brings us relevance now: if we can't see people like us performing these plays, then we may no longer be interested in them," willcocks said.

Ella aldridge plays Aaron with Law Knicks in titus. (photo: library of congress /LC-DIG-ppmsca-08977)

April 1833 Ella Aldridge performed in otero at the Royal Theatre in Covent Garden. (Image courtesy of CourtesyBritishLibrary)

Now, Shakespeare's adaptation of stage and drama is more and more challenging because of the lack of better vocabulary; Although they are not static or even consistent, they are unconventional and different. The last scene of this exhibition is Hamlet produced by Worcester Group in new york, in which the actors perform richard burton's famous turning point movie with the torture of the prince as the background. When actor Worcester actually talked with Burton, his performance produced unpleasant chorus effect, which enhanced the recognition of Hamlet's weight in 400 years' performance.

But we can be surprised that the beauty of Shakespeare's plays stems from our deep understanding of his stories; As Cohen said, Hamlet said, "We all like Hamlet very much. We have all seen Hamlet. " Wilcock agreed with this and pointed out that "familiarity leads to infinite possibilities of reinterpretation in various ways; We can compare it with the previous explanation, as well as the words and those words. "

Hamlet of Worcester Group, film screening performance of richard burton. (Photo: MihaelaMarin)

Ethan hawke in the movie Hamlet was in 2000. (photo: YouTube)

Hamlet, produced by the National Centre for the Performing Arts 20 15 and starring benedict cumberbatch, was shown in cinemas all over the world as part of the "National Theatre Live" program. (photo: YouTube)

But familiarity can also cause contempt. Today's Shakespeare may be mistaken for the product of his own genius, because the products of this industry have been paying endless attention to his genius. Lewis said: "I am deeply moved by this, because this industry allows Shakespeare to keep pace with the times and perform brilliantly. "But it has a disadvantage. There is one aspect that will make you cynical. The agenda is about income and the commercialization of Shakespeare. It divides him into many key chains and T-shirts, cups and rubbish. Shakespeare is very kitsch. "

Cohen admits that the industry around Shakespeare may be powerful, but it has a reason to go beyond simple income. "I really think Shakespeare is one of the great miracles," he said with a smile, pointing out that he also admired many other playwrights. "But no one will say that they believe in these things too much." But he continued, "I don't think this is an industry that can survive in self-deception, but it is impossible."

What do these plays mean to us except Badoratli? We like them. Some of us even like them. "The simple answer to why we write Shakespeare's plays is," Lewis said, "they seem to feed us."

These sad love movies make you panic! Damn, speaking of love ... what? Love, don't move ... let me cry for a while. I don't need to see that kind of heartbreaking movie at all, okay? ....

From youth and ignorance to tasting forbidden fruit for the first time, everyone's life experience is so unique, but it is also so similar.

I watched a lot of romantic movies, no matter what kind of romantic movies (snickering). What Japan, Europe and America.

Seriously, love is indeed an eternal topic of human beings, adding a touch of warm pink to our lives. Without love, the meaning of human existence is much less.

Don't talk about action movies, science fiction movies, even horror movies, military themes, but also love clues, and even the main line, so you really can't escape love.

Let's get down to business and present some good-looking romantic films for everyone.

Dangdang Dangdang ~ Dangdang Dangdang

1. My robot girlfriend

Super love action science fiction ethics fantasy drama comprehensive score ★★★★★★★★

Speaking of my robot girlfriend, when I watched this film, I immediately thought of my savage girlfriend, which was made earlier. I'm sure most of you have seen it.

However, this film is even more abusive, and it is called tragedy.

It is said that the future pig's foot suffered a disaster, so the future pig's foot made a robot to cross over and save that person.

I just want to say, you are great. You built such a beautiful and hot female robot to save you. You are not acclimatized and I am convinced!

When the woman came back from crossing for the first time, she was naked, gradually adapted to it, and finally found Brother Kun, followed by Chang's record!

Look at the treatment of shopping with super beauty.

There are still some routines in the film, and the slow and sweet plot in front also lays a lot of groundwork for the climax at the end of the film.

In short, you have to pay back when you come out to hang out. How loud you laugh in the first half of the film, and how bitter you cry at the end of the film (can you be less routine).

Of course, there are also many pictures that otaku will fall in love with. How could the director forget? Hey hey hey.

Men are still very pure, and it is not easy to control themselves. (Let me do it)

Interested friends can have a look. Good popcorn movie. Remember to bring a tissue (don't get me wrong, wipe your tears).

2. Where did God go in the village?

It is also a romantic film without super plot and ethical action of science fiction.

Ah, ah, ah, God went to the village and called "Who wants to be a carpenter? I just want to pick up girls". The title of this film is really unattractive. At that time, I also clicked in to see it because my score was not bad.

The story tells the story of a graduating college student who is looking for an internship project. Men are also at a loss. Then he came across a poster that God went to the village to recruit a ranger. The poster is like this:

Now you know why men mainly become carpenters (chicken thieves).

The man was tricked into a remote mountain village by a poster. Once he gave up and complained that he had never met the girl on the poster. Finally, when he saw the girl on the poster by mistake, he made up his mind to stay, and there was no one left.

And then have a happy time. The simplicity of the villagers in the mountain village and the fun in the mountains also made this man nostalgic for God's going to the village, and he gradually gained the recognition and love of the people in the village.

Let's not talk about the rest, the plot is slow, and it belongs to a typical Japanese small fresh film. You can have a look if you are interested.

Finally, I'll send you a picture from the film. After reading it, you will know what to let him touch, haha.

3. Eraser in my mind

When the memory disappears, so does the soul. People say.

We had such unforgettable memories, but one day you don't remember anything, you don't know me, you don't know my name, you forget all the places we have been, and this loneliness is like your death, and my heart withers.

The same type of film "50FirstDates" has been translated into the title of first love for 50 times, and the story of heart abuse has the same effect.

Love me, please remember me!

4. The Notebook

A notebook records all my feelings for you. What happens when I tell you our story again?

This is another story of Romeo and Juliet. The poor boy fell in love with the white swan. When people's ideas change gradually, will fame and family still affect our love?

There are too many good-looking romantic movies, such as South Korea's daisy and wolf child, Siam's love, Thailand's little love, hormones, China's westward journey, Sicily's beautiful legend, and the beautiful life in Europe and America.

Wait, wait, wait, wait, wait, wait, wait, wait, wait, wait.

Welcome comments, pay attention to choking cats, and watch movies with you.

see you again

What are the interesting details of the English drama "Hot Blood Detective"? Reviewing edgar wright's Hot Blood Detective, I actually got more jokes and details, and at the same time I was deeply immersed in British humor and attracted by this unique comedy form! Nicholas Angel, a dedicated and capable senior policeman in London, attracted the envy of police chiefs and was transferred to a remote town as a policeman. However, the quiet villages and towns make Nicholas's extraordinary ability of catching people unable to display, and partnering with the director's silly son Danny Batman makes him feel helpless! In grief, he witnessed a series of murders. After constant search and danger, he finally revealed the plot of no crime in the town for decades with other policemen!

I have to admire director Wright's storytelling and interpretation of comedy, which shows British humor incisively and vividly! This is different from the hilarious effect caused by intensive laughter in other movies. Very scattered, always inadvertently throw a point. When it is mentioned in the subsequent plot, people who know it often smile, and people who don't know it are always confused. For example, at the end of the film, when Nicholas asks the boy's name, he hears Aaron. A. aronson, the protagonist immediately froze. It is estimated that many people don't understand the jokes here! When it comes to this stalk, you have to remember the previous plot-when Nicholas wanted to inquire about the client of the dead lawyer, the detective suggested that he start with the first person in the phone book, Aaron A. Aaron, who thought it was a fabricated name and didn't care! So when the protagonist heard the little boy's name, he looked puzzled. Is there really such a wonderful name? It took nearly an hour from the time the stalk was raised to the sound. I can understand it the first time, no one! But this is the sense of humor brought by details. Unexpectedly, it is difficult to understand the director's brain hole in humor.

This humor is also reflected in the setting of some scenes and interesting music. At the beginning of the film, Nicholas didn't agree with the police officer's modulation at first and needed instructions from his superiors. Then the inspector immediately appeared and gave the same statement. The unacceptable protagonist asked the superior to explain, and then the chief inspector appeared. Repeated words made him collapse, and he could only pin his last hope on his partner. As a result, he turned around and saw the farewell party of his colleagues! Such a scene seems abrupt, but it makes people laugh. While voicing the coincidence of this special arrangement, they also feel sympathy for the protagonist's experience. This way of telling stories is refreshing and impressive! The duel in the bar in the second half of the movie, the video game music that should not have appeared is very funny, but it is such a contrast that it is very enjoyable. The last battle took place on a bunch of small town models. The confrontation between the protagonist and the supermarket owner is like the confrontation between two giants. Whenever I punch, the heavy sound effects make the action more powerful, and I suddenly feel that I am watching Altman fight the little monster, and this feeling of fighting just pokes my joke and makes me feel that the movie is more interesting!

The biggest feature of Wright's films is the unique editing, which often makes him