First of all, the timetable

1. About13.7 billion years ago, BIGBANG formed the present universe, the appearance of matter and energy, the beginning of physics, the appearance of atoms and molecules, and the beginning of chemistry.

About 3.8 billion years ago, organisms appeared and biology began.

32,500 years ago, the human species in Africa began to evolve.

42 million years ago, human beings spread from Africa to Eurasia and evolved into different races.

Europeans and West Asians became Neanderthals and adapted to the cold weather. Asians are homo erectus, the longest-lived species known. Indonesians became Thoreau and flores people, and adapted to the tropical climate. The races in various regions have evolved into many different races.

53,000 years ago, daily use of fire began.

62,000 years ago, Homo sapiens evolved in East Africa.

77,000 years ago, the cognitive revolution. Culture appeared, history officially began, and Homo sapiens spread outside Africa.

845,000 years ago, Homo sapiens arrived in America, and American behemoths became extinct.

9. 1.3 million years ago, flores became extinct, and Homo sapiens became the only surviving race.

Second, human characteristics.

Although there are many differences between different races, human beings have the following similarities:

1. It has a big head.

The human brain is obviously bigger than other animals, and the huge brain is also a huge burden, but the benefits brought by the human brain are also obvious. Humans make cars and guns, which makes them move much faster than chimpanzees and can kill chimpanzees from a distance.

What kept the human brain evolving for 2 million years? The answer is unknown.

2. Walk upright and use tools.

Walking upright liberates hands. At first, human hands can handle many delicate tasks and can produce and use complex tools.

3. More complex social structure

To feed a child, you have to rely on the Qi Xin of the whole tribe to work together. When human beings are born, they can be changed through education and socialization before they are fully developed.

Having a strong brain, being able to use tools and having a more complicated social structure are all great advantages of human beings, making them the most powerful animals on earth.

Third, human beings stand at the top of the food chain.

Homo sapiens has long been in the middle of the food chain. It was not until 400,000 years ago that several races began to hunt large prey. Until 65438+ 10,000 years ago, Homo sapiens rose and human beings jumped to the top of the food chain.

This leap from the middle level to the high level has had a great impact.

Other animals at the top of the pyramid have to evolve for millions of years to reach the top. In contrast, humans reached the summit in the blink of an eye, which caught the ecosystem off guard. Many disasters in human history, whether war or ecological catastrophe, all come from this hasty position jump.

Fourth, the emergence of fire and its help to mankind.

300,000 years ago, using fire has become a common practice. The biggest advantage of fire is that it can cook, so that human beings can eat all kinds of food and save time. Learning to cook enabled the brain to develop, and Neanderthals and Homo sapiens embarked on the road of making the brain bigger.

Using fire also makes human beings obviously different from animals for the first time, and human beings have a tool that is obedient and has infinite power. With fire, many developments will follow.

5. How did Homo sapiens sweep the world?

1. About 200,000 years ago, Homo sapiens began to evolve in East Africa. 10.5 million years ago, there were Homo sapiens in East Africa. They looked exactly like us.

About 70,000 years ago, Homo sapiens spread from East Africa to Arabia, and soon swept the whole Eurasia.

3. How do Homo sapiens get along with other races wherever they go? There are two kinds of theories, one is the hybrid theory, that is, Homo sapiens is mixed with local races, and the other is the substitution theory, that is, genocide.

Substitution theory is common sense in this field.

Every time Homo sapiens went to a new place, the local primitive population soon became extinct. How did Homo sapiens drive other races out of the historical stage? Most likely, Homo sapiens has a unique language.

Summary and thinking

Compared with the whole ecosystem, human beings are not gods, we are just animals.