First, learn physics concepts and strive to achieve the "Five Meetings"
Junior high school will learn many important physical concepts and laws, which is the basis for solving various problems. Therefore, to truly understand and master them, we should strive to achieve "five skills":
Will express: can remember and correctly describe the contents of concepts and laws.
Expression: define the expression formula of concepts and laws and the physical meaning of each symbol in the formula.
Will understand: can grasp the scope and conditions of application of the formula.
Can deform: can correctly deform the formula and understand the meaning after deformation.
Can be applied: can use concepts and formulas for simple judgment, reasoning and calculation.
Second, pay attention to drawing and reading.
Learning physics is inseparable from graphics. From mechanical design of mechanical knowledge to complex circuit design of electromagnetic knowledge, "graphic language" is mainly used to express it. Systematization of knowledge, thinking of analyzing and solving problems. It is limited and inefficient to express it in ordinary language or words. Therefore, hand-drawing according to scientific methods is an important way to learn physics, which is of great significance to further study modern science and technology in the future.
In junior high school physics class, students' learning ability is illustrated, simple mechanical diagram, circuit diagram and light path diagram. The drawing required by the Outline is mainly divided into two parts: one part belongs to the drawing category, for example, drawing light path diagram, drawing force diagram, drawing force arm diagram, drawing circuit diagram and so on. On the other hand, we should learn to read pictures according to existing pictures. By reading drawings, we should not only learn to simply look at complex drawings (that is, analyze drawings), but also learn to see basic drawings in complex drawings. For example, when calculating exercises about circuits, it is often difficult to analyze whether a given circuit diagram is series, parallel or mixed. If you can skillfully draw a given circuit diagram into an equivalent circuit diagram, it is easy to see the connection characteristics of the circuit and solve related problems.
Third, pay attention to observation and experiment.
Physics is a subject based on observation and experiment, which are important research methods of physics. Faraday once said, "Without observation, there is no science. Scientific discoveries are born from careful observation. " For junior high school students who are new to physics, we should pay special attention to carefully observing the phenomenon. Because only by observing the image can we have a vivid and vivid perceptual knowledge of the physical knowledge we have learned; Only through careful observation can we deepen our understanding of what we have learned. For example, when the teacher talks about the relativity of learning physical education, many students will think that people sitting on the train will observe the telephone poles and trees on both sides of the railway running towards the rear. This vivid example gives us a vivid understanding of the relativity of sports.
In the process of learning physical knowledge, we should also attach importance to experiments, and pay attention to combining the learned physical knowledge with the phenomena in daily life and production, including the phenomenon of physical experiments, because a large number of physical laws are summarized on the basis of experiments. As a junior high school student who has just started studying physics, we should carefully observe the teacher's demonstration experiment and finish the students' hands-on experiment independently.
On the basis of carefully completing the prescribed experiments in class, you can also design your own experiments to judge whether the experimental scheme you designed is feasible in practice. For example, you can design your own experiment to measure the length of a winding path in the school green space; The average speed of cycling on the way to school can be measured by experiments; Experiments can also be designed to measure unknown resistance without ammeter or voltmeter. All these require students to think and explore independently, and constantly improve their observation, judgment and thinking ability, so as to have a deeper understanding of physical knowledge and analyze and solve problems more comprehensively.
Fourth, learn the analysis method of "blocking at both ends"
Physical knowledge is characterized by going from shallow to deep and gradually deepening. With the increase of learning knowledge, many students find it difficult to do physics problems. This is mainly because of the wrong way of thinking.
After getting a question, there are generally two ways of thinking: one is to start with the conclusion, look at the conclusion and want to know, and gradually move closer to the known; The second is to "develop" the known, from the known to the known, and gradually push to the unknown; When the two ideas are "connected", the way to solve the problem is obtained. This method of analyzing problems is what we usually call "blocking at both ends". This method is easy to say, and it is not "a day's work" to really understand and master it. It also requires students to gradually understand and use it in the process of learning.
Five, pay attention to the appropriate classification, collation and systematization of knowledge.
The more knowledge you learn, the easier it is to remember and get confused. So you can try to follow the frame diagram and some counseling materials drawn in this paper to help you remember and understand.
Sometimes, the proper classification of concepts can simplify the content of learning, highlight the key points, make the context clear, and facilitate analysis, comparison, synthesis and generalization; We can constantly systematize scattered concepts, constantly incorporate new concepts into the system of old concepts, and gradually establish a clear concept system in our minds, so as to avoid detours in the learning process. This method can not only deepen the understanding of basic knowledge, but also get twice the result with half the effort.
There are learning methods, but there is no definite learning method. On the way of studying physics, I hope students can work hard in combination with their own characteristics.
Chemistry:
Establish a "connection" and draw inferences from others. After the knowledge system is formed, it is necessary to establish the connection between knowledge points and various exercises. Some students usually speak clearly about the knowledge content, and they are at a loss when they encounter difficult and comprehensive topics. The reason is the lack of basic training and the failure to link the learned knowledge with practical problems. To overcome this difficulty, I think we should start from the following aspects: we should pay attention to the exercises in textbooks; In order to cooperate with the mastery and application of basic knowledge and skills, review materials can be properly selected for systematic practice; Do exercises at different levels, avoid doing them blindly, and choose exercises from shallow to deep according to the knowledge points reviewed; According to their own weaknesses, strengthen special training; Pay attention to the examination papers in recent years and the sample questions this year; Get rid of the sea of questions and strive to improve the efficiency of doing them; Students with ability should choose representative test questions for variant training, master the skills of multiple solutions to one question and changeable questions, and form the ability to draw inferences from others.
Highlight characteristics and attach importance to experiments. When reviewing chemical experiments, we should mainly start from the following aspects: the basic operation of experiments; Separation and purification of substances; Preparation of substances; Physical examination. In the review process, we should pay attention to reviewing students' experiments, demonstration experiments and family experiments. In recent years, with the gradual increase of the intensity of the experimental examination, new questions about experiments have appeared, such as 1 1 in last year's senior high school entrance examination, which is not only an experimental design question, but also a question to examine candidates' comprehensive experimental ability.
Pioneering and innovating, forming ability. In recent years, in order to test students' comprehensive ability, an innovative test question has appeared in the senior high school entrance examination. This kind of test questions often take a knowledge point or modern research results as new information, or combine them with daily life or social practice activities to test students' ability to use basic knowledge and solve problems. When solving this kind of problem, we should pay attention to: grasping and reading information is the premise of solving the problem; The key to solving the problem is to connect with the knowledge learned and transfer it reasonably. Strong self-study ability and divergent thinking ability are the guarantee to solve problems. For example, last year's senior high school entrance examination question B 12 is a topic related to chemistry and daily life, aiming at examining the comprehensive ability of candidates.
Math:
First, strengthen the training of thinking ability. Ability-oriented questions are the basic characteristics of selecting exams. In review, the training of thinking ability takes logical thinking ability as the core, and emphasizes comprehensiveness and application while comprehensively training various abilities. The training of operation ability includes not only the operation of numbers, but also the operation of expressions. The training of spatial imagination ability is not only the observation, analysis and abstract training of spatial form, but also the reasoning training after graphic transformation.
Second, improve the application consciousness of mathematics. Practical problems are generally close to the reality of life, requiring students to understand some common sense in the market, such as the meaning of taxes, interest rates, costs, discounts, etc. Solving application problems generally requires a comprehensive understanding of the meaning of the problem, a clear understanding of all conditions and conclusions, especially the discovery and excavation of hidden conditions. If necessary, you can make an accurate schematic diagram, explore the internal relationship between conditions and conclusions, and list equations or functional relationships according to the equivalence relationship in the problem. At the same time, the equation or functional relationship can be listed in the equivalent relationship expression in the problem, and the expression of the problem-solving process should be simple, clear and rigorous.
Third, explore the solution ideas of open-ended problems clearly. Generally speaking, comprehensive questions lacking conclusions are called inquiry-based open-ended questions. Because the conclusion is uncertain, the outstanding feature of this problem is abstract and obscure. In fact, this type of question also has all the characteristics of conventional questions. One way to answer this question is: "Infer conclusions and standardize propositions." Before solving exploratory problems, if we can make a correct judgment: "yes" or "no", we will turn exploratory problems into routine problems. Some simple methods can be used to infer conclusions, such as "substitution value verification" or "construction of special cases", or the combination of numbers and shapes. Another way to solve the problem is to explore from both positive and negative aspects. Because most exploratory problems are difficult to infer the "yes" and "no" of the conclusion in a simple way, we should formulate solutions from the positive and negative aspects of the conclusion according to the problem setting.
The focus of review at this stage is "double basics", and calculation, proof and solution are the basis of ability. Review countermeasures are as follows:
1, "Reading Book" textbook
First, read through intensive reading, understand and memorize the concepts, theorems, formulas and rules in the book, sum up the connections and differences of knowledge from them, and then form a knowledge system in your own mind. For example, the summary after each chapter in the textbook is the essence of a chapter and the outline of reading the textbook;
Second, when you look at the examples, you should deduce them again. The key point is to further understand, master all kinds of basic skills contained in it, find out the problem-solving skills of a class of problems, and understand the outstanding mathematical thinking methods. When reading textbooks, you must have a pen and an exercise book in your hand, and then "eyes, hands and brains" should be synchronized. You should not only write examples and exercises, but also adapt to memorizing concepts, theorems and formulas and memorize their "keywords and key sentences".
2. Comprehensive review should still focus on the key points.
The comprehensive review of "double basics" is not a simple knowledge repetition, but a systematic and systematic process of knowledge. We should pay special attention to:
(1) Strengthen fast and accurate operation, train the concise and rigorous process of writing and expressing problem solving, don't wait for the teacher's answer in the review class, and try to work out the results yourself;
② For equations, congruent triangles and similar shapes, circles and functions, we should not only read more but also experience them repeatedly: the vertical and horizontal connection of knowledge and the law of problem calculus;
③ Summarize and accumulate the common problem-solving methods and laws in review, and understand the mathematical ideas contained in them, such as the collocation method in algebra, the undetermined coefficient method, the method of substitution, the combination of quantities, the equal product method of lines in geometry, the proportion method of line segments, etc. Therefore, the method of solving problems and the main method of adding auxiliary lines are skillfully and flexibly used.
The special review stage is to push the "double basics" to a climax and play a "finishing touch" role in the whole review. It is conducive to opening up ideas, developing thinking, and improving the ability of analyzing problems and comprehensive application. This link is very important, and its countermeasures are as follows:
1, think more, ask more questions and practice more.
In the special review training, whether it is according to the special review organized by the teacher or the special review training selected for the weak links, it is necessary to make clear what is the theme of this special topic, what types of conventional ideas are there, what are the characteristics and personality identity of the applied thinking methods for different problems, what are the solutions and what is the best method. Not only do you need to solve multiple problems, but you also need to train divergent thinking and do more solutions to train convergent thinking. When reviewing, ask more why, don't just think, make a summary of the exercise. Its laws and skills let you experience and feel the thinking process, and accumulate and enrich your practical experience in solving problems.
2. In the selected content, it is most taboo to be greedy and difficult, and to be less but better. When training, we should have flexible basic questions such as choosing and filling in the blanks, as well as some comprehensive questions. Its purpose is to train and flexibly use some important mathematical thinking methods, such as the combination, classification, function method of new shapes and the method of adding auxiliary lines in geometry, to solve problems in triangle, geometry and algebra, and to master quadratic functions as the basis. We should purposefully cultivate the ability to break a relatively comprehensive topic into several relatively simple items, so as to draw inferences from others, simplify the complex and gradually break through the more difficult comprehensive questions.
This stage is a comprehensive training of psychology and intelligence, and it is an indispensable last link in the whole review process. Therefore, at this stage, we should not blindly strengthen training and practice a lot, but selectively train sets of questions according to the actual situation, and grasp the problem-solving point of view through practice, evaluation and reflection. The countermeasures are: first, stabilize the mentality and increase confidence. The second is to improve the speed specification solution. Some students do not blindly pursue speed when answering questions under the basic principle of accuracy first and speed second. When they solve problems, they don't draw drafts or pictures. Instead, they use mental arithmetic or fill in the results they take for granted. They will make many mistakes, but they will skip the necessary steps or forget things when solving big problems, resulting in incomplete conclusions, imprecise reasoning and losing points that should not be lost.
The above are the three preparation stages and countermeasures of mathematics in senior high school entrance examination. Through these three stages of review, I will certainly be able to practice solid basic math skills and make my math academic performance reach a new leap.
Review guide for senior high school entrance examination
Dalian examination questions in 2004.
Chinese test questions math test questions
English test questions physics test questions
Chemistry test questions
Review guidance for the 2003 senior high school entrance examination
Reflections on the Mathematical Evaluation of the Three-year National Junior High School Graduation Examination: An Analysis Report on the Mathematics Subjects of the 2002 National Junior High School Graduation Examination.
Download the examination question bank of each province and city.
Exam preparation question bank for senior high school entrance examination
Dalian junior high school graduation entrance examination simulated examination questions in 2002.
China Test Paper
Beijing junior high school graduation and entrance examination unified mathematics examination paper Chinese test questions and answers
Mathematics test questions and answers of English test paper for Beijing junior high school graduation entrance examination
Physics examination paper Beijing junior high school graduation, entrance examination chemistry examination questions and answers
Chemistry examination paper Beijing junior high school graduation, entrance examination physics examination questions and answers
Russian examination paper Beijing junior high school graduation and entrance examination English examination questions
Japanese test paper Dalian
In 2002, Dalian City's third grade adaptive exercise (1) (Chinese)
Method of repetition: Adaptability exercise of grade three in Dalian in 2002 (1) (Chinese answer)
In 2002, the physical adaptability exercise of grade three in Dalian (1) (Mathematics)
Physics Lecture of Grade Three in Dalian in 2002-Electromagnetism-Adaptive Exercise (1) (Mathematical Answer)
Physics Learning in Junior High School: Adaptability Exercise of Five Methods in Grade Three of Dalian in 2002 (1) (Chemistry)
Chemistry Adaptability Exercise of Senior Three in Dalian in 2002 (I) (Chemistry Answer)
Learn to draw inferences from others and improve experimental ability. Adaptability Exercise of Grade Three in Dalian in 2002 (1) (Physics)
In 2002, the third grade mathematics adaptive exercise in Dalian (1) (physical answer)
Strengthen the ability training, and clarify the thinking of solving problems; In 2002, the adaptability exercise of grade three in Dalian (1) (English)
Three Preparation Stages of the Mathematics Entrance Examination for the Senior High School Entrance Examination in Dalian in 2002 and Countermeasures (1) (English answer)
Language:
Read more and remember more, the effect will be good!
English:
Correcting mistakes seriously and paying attention to reading methods.
How do candidates arrange their own review time,
By reviewing and compiling knowledge networks,
Learn to memorize skillfully.
References:
experience