Zhang Jiafu

Mathematics teaching in primary schools should cultivate students' abstract thinking ability, encourage students to practice and form their ability, which requires teachers to carry out and strengthen intuitive teaching. The "intuitive teaching" mentioned in this paper refers to the use of intuitive forms such as spatial intuition, dynamic intuition and intuitive expression in classroom teaching, so that students can carry out reasonable guessing, analysis, calculation and reasoning activities on the basis of fully understanding the meaning of questions, thus achieving teaching objectives efficiently. Only through intuitive teaching can we better cultivate students' ability, make students grasp concepts easily, form abstract thinking in learning and improve teaching efficiency.

Keywords: primary school mathematics; Intuitive teaching; Mathematical knowledge; Cultivate ability

China Library ClassificationNo.: G623.5 Document IDNo.: B DocumentNo.:1672-1578 (2017) 05-0148-0.

Mathematical knowledge is constantly abstracted from practice. In mathematics teaching, teachers should make full use of students' multiple senses and existing experience, and enrich students' direct experience and perceptual knowledge through physical demonstration, practical operation and language description. On this basis, through thinking activities such as analysis, synthesis, comparison, abstraction and generalization, perceptual knowledge is upgraded to rational knowledge, so that students can understand knowledge comprehensively and deeply, and can use knowledge to make correct judgments and logical reasoning. That is to say, in mathematics teaching, we should not only pay attention to intuitive teaching, but also pay attention to cultivating students' initial abstract thinking ability.

1. Intuitive teaching is conducive to mastering concepts.

Numbers, figures, nouns, terms, definitions and rules that reflect the essential attributes of numbers and shapes in primary school mathematics are all mathematical concepts. Teachers can make full use of objects, teaching AIDS, learning tools and charts to teach intuitively from students' real life, which can not only help students understand mathematical concepts correctly, clearly and completely, but also help students improve their mathematical thinking. For example, teaching the concept of "area" can be introduced by guiding students to observe blackboards, desktops, textbooks and other physical objects. You can also guide students to cut the apple with a knife and observe its cross section, so that students can see it with their own eyes and touch it with their own hands.

Now some teachers are still stuck in the old teaching mode, that is, the teacher tells the students, the teacher asks the students to answer, and the teacher counts the students as watching. The whole class is thirsty, and the students have little knowledge. Therefore, in the "hands-on" classroom exercise, students can not finish it accurately.

2. Expand intuitive teaching.

All the teaching methods that enable students to acquire perceptual knowledge of things are called intuition, including object intuition, model intuition and language intuition. Intuitive teaching is a combination of form, sound and light, vivid and infectious, attracting students' attention, improving students' interest and strengthening teaching effect. Visual teaching enables students to use audio-visual organs at the same time, which can effectively improve the efficiency of classroom teaching. Someone did a test. After three days, the retention rate of perceptual materials was only 27% through vision and only 16% through hearing. And if you use audio and video, it can be as high as 66% or more. As we all know, mathematics knowledge should be combined with practice in teaching because of its abstract content, but not all the content can be introduced from practice, so we have to consider how to concretize abstract knowledge, that is, to use intuitive means to assist teaching, which shows the importance of intuition for primary school mathematics teaching.

There are many forms of intuitive teaching, and there are also many intuitive teaching AIDS commonly used in primary school mathematics teaching. But intuition is not an end, but a teaching method, which cannot be abused blindly. Pay attention to when using intuitive means:

2. 1 use the right one. What kind of intuitive means to use depends on the teaching purpose, teaching content and the age characteristics of students. For example, more abstract content should be demonstrated intuitively, and simpler content should be demonstrated less; Do more physical intuition and model intuition (such as models, pictures, tables, etc.) in the lower grades. ), and do more language intuition in senior grades; Sometimes only one intuitive means is needed, and sometimes several intuitive means can be used at the same time. In short, we should use it properly and pay attention to practical results.

2.2 Pay attention to the intuitive use of language. Teachers' vivid explanations and descriptions can give students perceptual knowledge, form appearances and play an intuitive role. Teachers should be good at using vivid language to help students understand knowledge in teaching. Even when using other intuitive means, we should closely cooperate with the teacher's explanation in order to receive good teaching results. For example, when using objects or models for visualization, it is necessary to point out the observation tasks, clarify the observation requirements, let students focus on the main parts and essential characteristics of the observed objects, teach students observation methods, and guide students to observe. We should also correctly express the observation results and guide students to explore knowledge. A sense of language is also very important.

2.3 to guide students to operate. Guiding students to operate learning tools, so that they can use their hands and brains together, can better mobilize students' learning enthusiasm and give play to their subjective initiative; It can deepen students' impression of the operating object, gain rich perceptual knowledge and realize the truth from it; It is also helpful to cultivate students' practical ability.

3. Cultivate students' abstract generalization ability

The ultimate goal of combining image intuition with abstract thinking is to cultivate students' initial abstract thinking, that is, logical thinking ability, rather than making students' thinking level stay at the stage of image intuition. Therefore, strengthening intuitive teaching in primary school mathematics teaching aims to pave the way for cultivating students' abstract generalization ability and realize the goal of combining intuitive and abstract thinking. Otherwise, intuitive teaching will lose its value, and it is just a stupid thing to cultivate abstract generalization ability out of thin air. This requires teachers to combine the cultivation of students' abstract generalization ability with intuitive teaching.

3. 1 Attach importance to intuition, and make the thinking in images smoothly transition to abstract thinking. In teaching, teachers should not only attach importance to intuition, let students fully perceive things and phenomena through various senses, but also guide students to actively carry out abstract thinking based on perceptual materials in time, and gradually realize the transition from image thinking to abstract thinking.

3.2 Help students establish an image. Representation plays a very important intermediary role in the transformation from intuitive perception to abstract generalization. Teachers should pay attention to this. The design of any kind of teaching activity has its implementer's purpose. Strengthening intuitive teaching in primary school mathematics teaching is not only to serve students' abstract generalization ability, but also the ultimate goal of combining intuitive image with abstract thinking. In primary school mathematics teaching, correct intuitive teaching is an important way to improve the quality of primary school mathematics teaching. Adhering to the principle of intuition is beneficial to the development of pupils' intelligence and ability. Reasonable and correct use of intuitive teaching is a good way to comprehensively develop students' observation ability, abstract logical thinking ability and cultivate their interest in learning.