Class name _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
One: multiple-choice questions (2 points for each question, ***40 points)
1. Among the following phenomena, () belongs to the reflection of light.
A. The bottom of the swimming pool filled with water looks shallow.
B. When people are in the sun, shadows appear on the ground.
The reflection of the 17-hole bridge can be seen in the water of Kunming Lake in the Summer Palace.
D. Chopsticks are inserted obliquely into the water, and the underwater part looks upturned.
2. The following table lists the melting points and boiling points of some metals (at standard atmospheric pressure). According to the data in the table, the following statement is true ().
Material mercury gold copper steel tungsten
Melting point (℃)-39106410831515 34/kloc-0.
Boiling point (℃) 357 2500 2360 2750 5900
A. gold nuggets will not melt in molten steel.
B. Because the boiling point of tungsten filament is relatively high, the filament in the electric lamp is made of tungsten filament.
The boiling points of the metals listed in the table can be measured with a mercury thermometer.
At the temperature of 42℃, mercury thermometer can't be used to measure temperature.
3. The focal length of the convex lens is 5cm. If you look at stamps with it, the distance between stamps and this convex lens should be ().
A.5cm. B. Between 5cm and10cm.
C. less than 5 cm. Any quantity will do.
4. The focal length of convex lens is 10cm. When the object moves from 50cm away from this convex lens to 10cm along the main optical axis, the change of the image formed by the object through this convex lens is ().
A. gradually getting bigger. B. Gradually get smaller
C. constant D. from small to large, then equal to large and then amplified.
The lens of the human eye is equivalent to a convex lens, and the retina behind the eyeball is equivalent to a light screen. When people look at objects, they form a clear image on the retina, so the image should be ().
A. Inverted real image B. Inverted enlarged real image
C. vertically reduce the virtual image D. vertically enlarge the virtual image
6. The focal length of the convex lens is 15cm. When the object is placed on the main axis 5 cm away from the focus, the image must be ().
A. magnified inverted real image
B. Enlarged inverted virtual image
C. Enlarge the image
D. reducing the image
7. When discussing convex lens imaging, the following statement is correct ().
A. the real image is always positive, and the virtual image is always inverted.
Both real and virtual images must be enlarged or reduced.
C when the real image is formed, the closer the object is to the convex lens, the bigger the image is.
D. When a virtual image is formed, the closer the object is to the convex lens, the larger the image is.
8. A beam of light obliquely enters the water from the air, and the incident angle gradually increases, so the refraction angle ()
A. gradually reduce B. constant
C. gradually increase, but always less than the incident angle d. Gradually increasing, possibly greater than the incident angle.
9. Among the following phenomena, the refraction of light is ...
A.we can see things that don't shine from different directions. People stood by and watched the fish in the lake.
C. A part of the blackboard is "reflective" and the words on it can't be read clearly. D. at night, people's shadows appear under street lamps.
10. The instrument with the same imaging principle as the film projector is ........................... ().
A. camera B. magnifying glass C. projector D. periscope
1 1. There is a candle in front of the convex lens. Adjusting the position of the mirror can make a clear and reduced image on the screen. If the position of the lens remains the same, switch the candle and the light curtain, ....................... ().
A. Stop displaying images on the screen. B.you can see the image of the candle through the lens.
C. the reduced image can still be presented on the optical screen d. The enlarged image will be presented on the optical screen.
12. The light reflection phenomenon in the figure below is: .......................... ().
A. the flashlight beam at night B. through the magnifying glass, the nose becomes bigger
C. People see the image in the mirror D. Chopsticks in the water bend upward.
13. In physics, ρ represents density, m represents mass and v represents volume, so the formula of density can be expressed as ρ=m∕V, and the following statement is correctly understood as ().
A. For different substances, the greater M, the greater ρ.
B. for the same substance, ρ is inversely proportional to v.
C. for the same substance, ρ is proportional to m.
D. None of the above statements is true.
14. If it is not affected by gravity, what cannot happen in the following statement is ().
A.the waterfall will disappear from here. B. people will leave the earth with a light jump.
C. Objects will lose mass and the atmosphere will cease to exist.
15. Bicycles are common means of transportation in life, and friction factors are considered in the design of many parts. The wrong statement is ().
A. When braking, there is rolling friction between the brake shoe and the roller.
Ball bearings are installed on the axle to reduce friction.
C. The handlebar is covered with a patterned handle to increase friction.
D. During emergency stop, the wheels drag a black line on the ground, and during this process, the wheels are subjected to sliding friction.
16. A small ball dragged by a thin line moves in a uniform circle on a smooth horizontal plane, as shown in Figure 5. Suddenly the thin thread breaks and the ball will ().
A. stop immediately
B. Make a slow circular motion and finally stop.
C, due to inertia to maintain uniform circular motion.
D. do uniform linear motion
17. In the following example, the measure to reduce the pressure is ()
(1) Put sleepers under the rails; (2) widening and flattening the blank; ③ The schoolbag belt must be wider;
(4) grinding the needle tip; (5) Tracks should be used for tanks; 6. The blade of the kitchen knife must be thinned to be sharp;
⑦ When piling, the pile tip must be sharp.
A.①③④ B. ②⑤⑦ C. ①②③⑤ D. ①③⑤⑥
18. A flask full of water with its opening facing down was slowly lifted from the water. Before the nozzle leaves water, the water level in the flask will be ().
A gradually lower it to be flush with the water outside the bottle.
B, gradually reduce, but always higher than the water surface outside the bottle.
C, gradually reduce first, and keep the height unchanged when reaching the neck position.
D. it won't go down, the whole flask is full of water.
19. As the saying goes: "Looking at the sky from a well, you can see very little".
A.light travels too fast.
B. light travels in a straight line in the same substance.
C. the light is reflected.
D. the light is refracted.
20. The following measures, belong to reduce the noise in the process of communication is ().
A. improve the performance of automobile engine to reduce its vibration.
B. Plant trees on the side of the residential building near the road
C. hold the vibrating steel bar by hand.
D. it is forbidden to set off fireworks and firecrackers in urban areas.
Fill in the blanks (3 points for each question *** 15 points)
2 1。 The propagation path of light in uneven air is curved, which is actually a phenomenon Chopsticks inserted in the water look like they are in the water, which is due to _ _.
22. There is a tunnel with a length of 5300 meters. After completion, it takes _ _ _ s for a car to pass through the tunnel at a speed of 20m/s, and there is a jeep in front of the car, which always keeps a certain distance from him, so taking those two jeeps as reference objects, the car is _ _ _ _ _ _ _. (at rest or in motion).
Put an egg into a cylindrical glass filled with water and find that the egg has become bigger. This is because a round glass filled with water is equivalent to one, and what you see is an upright "egg".
24。 The imaging of light from distant objects after refraction by the eyeball refraction system is shown in the following figure. According to the light path diagram, this person needs to wear glasses to correct.
25。 Fill in the following data to make it conform to the actual situation:
(1) The average speed of Liu Xiang, a famous athlete from China, winning the title in the final of the Athens Olympic Games 1 10 meter hurdles.
The degree is about 8.52 _ _ _ _.
(2) The thickness of an eighth grade physics textbook is about 9 _ _ _ _ _.
Three: the experimental questions and the drawing questions are 4 points each *** 12 points)
In the experiment of "Exploring the imaging law of convex lens":
(1) Write down the position of the convex lens first. After placing the experimental equipment on the optical bench, adjust the height of convex lenses so that their centers are _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _.
(2) The object looks like a virtual image at the focal length of _ _ _ _ _ _ _. When the object is at the focal length of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
Draw the stress diagram of the following m block.
M
When Beibei used the pallet scale again, she put the measured object and weight in the wrong position. If the balance is balanced, there is a weight of 100g and 20g on the left panel, and the reading of the traveling code is 4g, then the mass of the object is _ _ _ _ _.
Four. Calculation of solving problems: (***43 points)
29( 10 minute) There is a container with a bottom area of 30cm2, which contains 8N alcohol with a depth of 15cm. Please find out the pressure and pressure at the bottom of the container. (g takes 10).
30( 10 minutes) A 200-meter-long train passed through the cave at a speed of 72km/hd, and it took 2 minutes to find the length of the cave. The return speed is 54km/h, how long does it take to cross the cave?
3 1 and (10min) Square metal blocks with a length of 8 are placed in the center of a horizontal plate with an area of 100cm2, and the pressure generated by the metal blocks on the plate is 6. 125kPa. Find the density of the metal block. (g is 10N/kg)
32. (1 5min) When a metal block with a volume of 10-2m3 and a weight of 250N is submerged in water (g is 10N/kg), what is the buoyancy of (1) metal block?
(2) If the metal block is made into a sealed metal ball with a volume of 3× 10-2m3 and put into the water, please judge the fluctuation of the metal ball; (Write down the judgment basis)
(3) Buoyancy of the metal ball at rest.
quantity
First, multiple-choice questions (30 points)
1. Xiaoming went to the school hospital to measure his height. The doctor wrote him a data: height 1.59, but did not write the unit. The unit behind this data should be ().
A.n . b . kg c . s . DM
2. Both objects A and B move in a straight line at a constant speed. The speed of A is twice that of B, and the moving time of A is three times that of B, so the distance traveled by A is () times that of B..
A.2 B.3 C.6 D.5
3. Among the following items, the one that cannot transmit sound is ()
A. gas b, liquid c and solid d vacuum
When people buy bowls, they often touch two bowls and listen to the sound of Xin. The quality of the bowl is mainly judged by the sound.
A. tone b loudness c timbre d volume
5. The following facts or phenomena belong to the reflection of light is ()
A. People walking under street lamps are accompanied by figures.
B.the clear bottom of the pool looks shallow.
C. In the morning, when the sun was still below the horizon, we saw it.
D. A big mirror is installed on the wall of the hotel, which makes people feel more space.
6. When a solar eclipse occurs, the sun, the earth and the moon are in the middle position ().
A. the sun b, the moon c and the earth d are uncertain
7. The scientist who laid the foundation of classical physics is ()
A, Newton B, Galileo C, Einstein D, Copernicus
8, the following phenomenon, the object due to stress and change the state of motion is ().
A. Knead the dough hard and the shape of the dough will change. Compress the spring by hand.
C. the archer's bow D. a gust of wind blew the dust on the ground all over the sky
9. The following statement about gravity is incorrect ()
A. objects in the air will not be affected by gravity. The object of gravity is the earth.
C. the direction of gravity is always vertical downward. D. the magnitude of gravity is directly proportional to the mass.
Look. In the experiment to explore the imaging characteristics of flat mirror, a lighted candle A was placed in front of a flat and thin glass plate, and another candle B was placed behind the glass plate, as shown in figure 1. Move the back candle B until it looks completely coincident with the image of the front candle A.. The main purpose of this is ().
A. Verify that the distance between the image and the object to the mirror is equal.
B. verify that the image is the same size as the object.
C, verifying that the image formed by the flat mirror is a virtual image.
D, verifying that the plane mirror imaging satisfies the light reflection law.
1 1. Noise seriously pollutes the environment and affects people's life and work, which has become a public hazard. The following measures cannot effectively control the noise ().
A, remove urban garbage, keep the environment clean and tidy; B, set up isolation belt between roads and residential areas.
C, planting trees and grass for greening D, cars are forbidden to honk on busy roads.
12. Xiaoli is playing by the lake. She sees "fish swimming in white clouds" in the water. The analysis of this phenomenon is correct ().
A. The fish you see is a real image formed by light refraction. B, clouds are virtual images formed by refraction.
C, the fish you see is a virtual image formed by light reflection D, and the cloud is a virtual image formed by light reflection.
13, the locomotive pulls the car forward on the horizontal track, and the car is pulled forward, and the track and air produce resistance to it backwards. If their movement is uniform and linear, then []
A. Traction should be greater than resistance B, and the resultant force of traction and resistance is equal to zero.
C. The combined force of traction and resistance should be greater than traction D. The combined force of traction and resistance should be greater than resistance.
14. In the following example, it is () that increases the friction.
A. add lubricating oil to the rotating shaft of the car B. the pattern of the sole C. install rollers on the trunk.
D. hovercraft uses gas to separate the ship from the water.
15. Use a thin wire to hang a metal ball in the elevator that rises at a constant speed. When the ball is stable, cut the messenger wire. The following statement about the movement of the ball is correct ().
A. Take the elevator as a reference object, and the ball will fall immediately. B. Take the elevator as a reference, the ball rises first and then falls.
C, taking the ground as a reference object, the ball immediately falls; D, with the ground as the reference, the ball is still.
Two. Fill in the blanks (40 points)
flat mirror
convex lens
Permeable membrane
Threaded lens
16. "On a frosty night, Jiang Feng fished to sleep. Hanshan Temple outside Gusu is a well-known Tang poem. The bell mentioned in the poem was produced and issued after the big clock of Hanshan Temple was hit, so the guests on board could recognize it as a bell rather than other sounds, and they were judged by the sound.
17. As shown in the figure, it is the structural principle of the projector for teaching, in which the function of the threaded lens is that of the convex lens and that of the flat mirror.
Skiing is the most popular sport in northern China. In some places, people use deer to pull skis for skiing competitions (as shown in Figure 3-25). It is known that the sliding friction between snowboards and ice is O.02 times of the total gravity of snowboards and people, and the total mass of snowboards and people is 180kg. If the deer pulls the snowboard to do uniform linear motion on the horizontal ice, the pressure of the snowboard on the ground is _ _ _ _ n, and the pulling force of the deer is _ _ _ _ _ _ n. (g =10n/kg).
19. There is a 500-meter-long straight road from Xiao Tong's home to school. Once when he came home from school, he began to walk at a constant speed of1m/s. On the way, it suddenly began to rain heavily. He immediately ran home at a constant speed of 5 m/s. Xiao Tong walked _ _ _ s in the first half, and his average speed from school to home was _ _ _ _ m/s s.
20. Fill in the physical knowledge involved in the following phenomena on the horizontal line.
(1) On May 23rd, 2005, a mirage was observed in Penglai, Shandong Province. _ _ _ _ _
(2) Pinhole imaging phenomenon. _ _ _ _ _ (3) "The pool reflects the bright moon". _ _ _ _ _
2 1. The three primary colors of light are red, _ _ and blue. If you look at the red flower through the green glass, you will see that this flower is _ _ _ _ _ _.
22. Before the storm came, the strong wind bent the small trees and made the leaves fly all over the sky. From the analysis of the force, the wind has caused _ _ _ _ _ to the young trees and changed the _ _ _ of the fallen leaves.
23. One day in May, Xiaoli came to Shiyan Lake to watch the dragon boat race. As soon as I entered the door, I saw Shiyan Lake surrounded by green trees. Colorful flags and happy people were reflected in the crystal clear lake. The dragon boat stops in the lake. With the firing of the starter's gun, the athletes struggled to paddle backwards one by one, and the dragon boat sped forward on the lake like a galloping dragon, and the scenery on the shore quickly receded from the athletes' eyes.
There are many physical phenomena in the above description. Please give two examples to explain the physical knowledge contained in them.
Physical phenomenon
Physical knowledge
example
The scenery on the shore soon passed back from the athletes' eyes.
Take athletes as a reference.
1
2
Three, drawing and experiment (22 points)
24. Figure 8 shows that someone has a pimple A on the back of his head. He observed with two flat mirrors, M 1 and M2. If the line of sight is observed in EO direction, please draw the exact position of point A and the optical path diagram of reflected light.
25. When the car slows down, draw the force diagram of the object A hanging in the carriage.
Figure 3-30
26. Figure 3-30 shows the Venn diagram of two mutually balanced forces and two interacting forces, in which their similarities have been marked in the overlapping area of two circles. Please write down their unique characteristics (differences) outside the overlapping areas of the corresponding circles.
27. When exploring "what factors are related to the friction", Xiaohua put forward the conjecture that "the factors that affect the friction may be related to the pressure on the contact surface" according to his own situation of pushing the box. The heavier the box, the more difficult it is to push it. According to the fact that the rougher the ground is, the harder it is to push the box, Xiaohui put forward the conjecture that "the factors affecting friction may be related to the roughness of the contact surface". Fig. 3- 12 is an experimental device diagram to verify their conjecture.
(1) In order to complete his own query, Xiaohui has to press _ _ _ _ _ two diagrams.
(2) If Xiaohua chooses the correct experimental device to carry out the experiment and obtains the experimental data recorded in the following table, please make a diagram of the relationship between the friction force f and the pressure n on the contact surface in the coordinates given in Figure 3- 13 according to the data.
(3) According to the image, it can be concluded that the relationship between f and n is _ _ _ _ _ _.
(4) Obana Xiaohui asked the car to do _ _ _ _ _ _ in the experiment.
28. There is a milestone every 1km by the roadside, indicating the distance from the starting point of the expressway to this monument in kilometers. In this paper, a method of measuring the speed of bicycles at medium and uniform speed by using milestones and watches is designed, and the calculation formula is given. The calculation results are in kilometers per hour. In order to reduce the error in measurement, please put forward at least two points for attention.
Fourth, analysis and calculation. (8 points)
29. Xiaoming used his holiday to visit his grandmother in Shanghai. He came to Zhenjiang Railway Station and saw some train schedules, as shown in the following table. After comparing the running time of T 13 1 Express and EMU Harmony D4 13, he decided to take EMU Harmony D4 13 train to Shanghai. If both trains are running normally, may I ask:
(1) How long does the EMU Harmony D4 13 run less than the express T 13 1?
(2) What is the average speed of the EMU Harmony D4 13 from Zhenjiang to Shanghai? How many kilometers per hour?
(3) If the traction of a train with a mass of 200t is 2× 106N and the resistance is 0.2 times the weight of the train, what is the resultant force in the horizontal direction of the train?
Volume B (20 points)
First, multiple-choice questions (8 points)
1. As shown in Figure 3- 19A, object A is always only acted by two forces F 1 and F2 on the same straight line, and the changes of F 1 and F2 with time are shown in Figure 3- 19B, so the following analysis is correct ().
During A.t 1, the resultant force on the object first increases and then decreases, and the resultant force direction is always the same as F2.
B During t 1, the resultant force on the object first decreases and then increases, and the direction of resultant force is always the same as F2.
During c t 1, the resultant force on the object first increases and then decreases, and the direction of resultant force is always opposite to F2.
D During t 1, the resultant force on the object first decreases and then increases, and the direction of resultant force is always opposite to F2.
2. There are two eggs, boiled once a lifetime. Let them start to rotate at the same speed on a smooth horizontal table: ()
A. Raw eggs stop spinning soon, and cooked eggs stop spinning for a period of time.
B. The boiled eggs stop spinning soon, and the raw eggs stop spinning for a while.
C. the two eggs quickly stopped turning.
D. Two eggs turn for a while, and then stop at the same time.
When Xiao Ming is listening to the lecture, he wants to shoot the color slide images projected by the projector on the screen with a camera. As the meeting was dark, he used a flash. Photos taken in this way ()
I didn't see the image projected on the screen clearly, but took some stains on the screen.
B.bright colors are much clearer than no flash.
C. the color is "flashing", only black words and lines are photographed.
D, the effect is the same as when the flash is not used, because the image on the screen is taken, not the actual scene.
There is a small mirror under the lens barrel of the biological microscope to increase the intensity of light entering the lens barrel. If you can choose a small mirror, the best effect is: ()
A, concave mirror B, convex mirror C, flat mirror D, milky white plane
Two. Fill in the blanks (4 points)
5. Xiaohong did her own experiment after reading the color picture "light refraction phenomenon" on the cover of the first volume of the current nine-year compulsory education and junior high school physics textbook. According to his observation, he drew three pictures as shown in figure 1, a, b and c, of which the correct one is _ _ _ _ _.
6. A train traveling at a constant speed whistled at a distance of 532.5 meters from the cliff. After 3 seconds, the driver hears the echo, and it is known that the speed of sound is 340m/s, so the speed of the train is _ _ _ _ m/s..
Three, comprehensive questions (8 points)
7. Xiao Hao made a spring scale, as shown in the figure, the spring has 20 turns. Practice has proved that the spring balance is accurate in the measuring range (0-5N). The spring is not only "the elongation length is proportional to the tension", but also the elongation length of each turn is equal when the spring is stretched by tension.
Once, a small part of the spring near the O end was accidentally squeezed and deformed. Xiao Hao cut off the deformed 3 turns.
Fix the upper end of the spring on the O point again, and then move the pointer C down appropriately, so that the pointer C still points to the "O" scribe line when the spring scale is placed vertically.
(1). Write the relationship between the tension f of this newly modified spring scale and its index f measured value, and explain the reasons.
(2) Weigh a heavy object with this newly modified spring scale. Its pointer is 4.0N What is its actual weight and mass?
Reference answer:
Volume 1 (100 integral)
1、D 2、C 3、D4、C 5、D 6、B 7、A 8、D 9、A 10、B 1 1、A 12、D 13、B 14、B 15、A
Second, 16, vibration timbre 17, convergent imaging changed the direction of light propagation.
18,1800 3619,2501.67s20, the reflection of light's straight-line propagation 2 1, green and black 22, deformation motion state.
23. In the water, the reflection of colored flag light reflects the crystal-clear refraction of the lake, and the function of rowing the boat forward is to hear each other's cheers. Air can transmit sound.
3, 24, 25, 26 slightly 27( 1) A, C (2) slightly proportional relationship (4) uniform linear motion
28.( 1) Choose a horizontal road, first write down the time t 1 of the first milestone, and the milestone number is L 1 (2) Write down the milestone number of the second milestone time t2 as L2(3) Expression: (L2-L1)/T2-T.
29, (1) 59 minutes (2) 132.9 km/h or 37m/s (3) 1.6* 106N.
The second volume (20)
I. 1, C 2, A 3, A 4 and a
2, 5, A, B, 6, 15 7, (1)F=20/ 17F shows (2) 4.7N0.48kg..