Self-study ability is the foundation of lifelong education. Modern mathematics teaching theory holds that mathematics teaching is mainly the teaching of mathematical thinking activities, not just the teaching of mathematical knowledge. The task of a math teacher is not only to teach math, but more importantly, to guide students to learn math by themselves and master the process and methods of learning math. Personally, I think that in mathematics teaching, we should correctly handle the relationship between knowledge teaching and developing ability. Mathematics comes from people's needs. With the development of production and technology, the sources of mathematical problems are more extensive. Mastering the basic knowledge of mathematics can help students analyze problems in real life and solve them. Mastering knowledge skillfully is the basis of promoting ability development, and it is easier to master basic knowledge and skills of mathematics after improving ability. Only through the efforts and cooperation of both teachers and students can the best teaching effect be achieved. On the one hand, in classroom teaching, teachers should choose appropriate teaching means and methods according to teaching tasks and students' age characteristics, so that students can firmly grasp basic knowledge and skills and develop their computing ability, abstract ability and spatial imagination ability. On the other hand, students should actively study mathematics with correct learning methods.