First, understand the content and requirements of first-year mathematics (taking the first semester as an example)

(1) 1- 10 number understanding, writing and addition and subtraction: including physical diagram, understanding and writing of numbers within 10, addition and subtraction of numbers within 1-5, understanding and writing of 0, addition and subtraction of 0 and subtraction of 0.

(2) The reading and writing method of the number 1 1-20: including the reading and writing method of the number 1 1-20, and the understanding of hours on the clock.

(3) carry addition and subtraction within 20.

(4) Understanding graphics, the preliminary understanding of cuboids, cubes, cylinders and spheres, and the understanding of rectangles and squares.

Second, help children master the concept of numbers.

Before entering school, children may know the numbers within 20, but that doesn't mean they know the actual meaning of these numbers. Parents can help their children establish the concept of numbers from the following aspects.

(1) Know the numerical value of a number and establish the concept of radix. For example, "5" is an abstract numerical value, which requires children to explain the actual number represented by "5" in real life, such as "there are five pentagrams on the national flag, each pentagram has five angles", one hand has five fingers, five apples ... It can also represent some visible continuous quantities, such as pouring five glasses of water into a basin and tapping five times, ... to let children know an abstract one.

(2) Know the ordinal number of a number and establish the concept of ordinal number. Is to know the position and order of a number or an object in a natural sequence or a group of objects. For example, you should know that 7 is between 6 and 8, 7 is greater than 6, but 7 is less than 8. At the same time, children can be trained to practice counting in various ways. At the same time, children can count backwards by using digital materials in their daily lives, and teach them that the numbers used to represent numbers are called base numbers, such as 1, 2, 3 books, 4 cars and 5 teacups. The numbers used to indicate the order are called ordinal numbers: for example, the first, second, third, fourth and fifth seats.

(3) Know numbers and master the concept of decimals. Knowing that the number within 10 is "one" is the counting unit, and knowing that the number within 20 is the first one that children encounter every ten. It is required that a new big counting unit appear when the child knows ten, that is, 10-that is, 1 10. 10 Ten is 1 100. Mastering the order and carry of numbers is the basis of reading and writing.

(4) read and write correctly. When children learn to read and write for the first time, they can visualize numbers and make nursery rhymes:

1 Like a tilted stick, 2 like a duckling with a long neck, 3 like a bent ear.

4 like a flag held high, 5 like a hook, 6 like a whistle.

Cut grass like a sickle, walk like a small circle, and float in the air like a balloon.

Instruct children to write numbers in Chinese characters, strictly grasp the order and structure of each number, and write correctly, symmetrically, regularly and quickly. Don't scribble or turn the pen upside down.

(5) Correctly understand the meaning of "0". What does "0" mean if parents ask their children? The child will say: 0 means no. At this time, parents should tell their children that this is not comprehensive. 0 can also indicate temperature. When the temperature is 0 degrees Celsius, water will freeze. Can you say there is no temperature? 0 can also represent the starting point, such as the starting point of the number axis and the meter scale, which is represented by 0. 0 comes before 1, and 0 can also count digits. If 0 or more are missing, the number will change.

Third, let children learn to read books and learn maps, add a few and subtract a few.

Most of the mathematics lessons in the first volume are pictures to express what they have learned, so as to visualize abstract mathematics knowledge, make boring knowledge vivid and make boring knowledge interesting. Children like to watch and are willing to watch. As long as we give proper guidance and guidance, children are willing to learn, learn to look at pictures, understand the meaning of pictures, and then know what method to use to calculate tables, and it will be clear to add and subtract a few.

Fourth, let children master the composition and decomposition of numbers within 10, and lay a solid foundation for addition and subtraction.

The synthesis and decomposition of numbers within 10 is the key and foundation of learning one-digit addition and subtraction. The more parts children have, the stronger they are, and the more flexible and faster the calculation method will be. Children must learn well. How can they learn?

(1) pendulum science: for the composition of 5, take out 5 disks first, and then divide them regularly. The last two discs are obtained by swapping the first two positions. I only remember the first two. Therefore, this method can be used to learn the composition and decomposition of numbers within 10, regular division and regular memory.

(2) Memorizing with games: After children get the composition and decomposition of numbers within 10 by putting learning tools, they can use some games to impress their children and achieve the goal of mastering them skillfully. Such as finger pointing, password pointing, clapping, etc. These methods can be practiced regularly on the eve of walking and sleeping, so that children can blurt out.

Children have mastered the composition and decomposition of numbers within 10. When adding and subtracting numbers within 10, it can also be used to calculate the synthesis of addition and the decomposition of subtraction. Let it say the numbers correctly and quickly, and also remove the slow and wrong addition and subtraction of the fingers.

Fifth, let the children find the law of learning carry addition within 20 years.

The addition within 20 is more difficult than that within 10, and students' calculation is slow. Let students work out 30 questions per minute, and excellent students can answer 40-50 questions orally, so as to achieve correct and skilled goals. First of all, let students master the rules of learning.

1, add to ten: the way to add to ten is: look at large numbers and decimals, first add to ten, then add a few. For example, on the blackboard, if 9+2 = 1 1, think 9+() = 109+ 10, put 2.

9+ 1= 10 10+ 1= 1 1

8+5 Think 8+() = 10 8+2 = 10 Divide 5 into 2 and 3.

8+2= 10 10+3= 13

2, look at the formula to find the law:

For example, 9+2 =119+3 =129+4 =139+5 =149+6 =15.

9+7= 16 9+8= 17 9+9= 18

Let the students look at the formula and observe it carefully. When adding 9, the first addend is 9, and the number of digits added is less than the number added 1. Why? Because 9 and 1 add up to 10, so if you remove 1, 9 will be reduced to 10, so the single digit will be reduced by 1.

Similarly, if you add a few digits to 8, you will lose 2 digits, if you add a few digits to 7, you will lose 3, and so on. When children master these rules and memorize them, they can calculate numbers quickly, flexibly and accurately.

3. Learn addition by changing the position of the addend.

Because we learn big corner decimals earlier, we can learn by changing the position of addend when learning decimal addends. If 9+8 = 17, then 8+9 = 17, 9+2 = 1 1, then 2+9 =1. Using this method to calculate can not only reduce students' learning burden, but also make the calculation correct and fast.

Sixth, help children improve their ability to solve practical problems.

The new curriculum standard requires freshmen to learn to solve simple practical problems of addition and subtraction. Therefore, we should start early, consciously or unconsciously cultivate children's problem-solving ability, and let students answer some common questions in life anytime and anywhere. For example, there are three birds in the tree and two are flying. How many birds are there in a tree? Mom bought five apples, you ate two, how many are left? Wait, when the child says how much to add and subtract, she will immediately give praise and praise, ask her how to use addition and subtraction, and let the students know how much to find a * * * first, that is, combine several and several and calculate by addition. How much is left? Is to subtract a few from a few and work it out by subtraction. Such regular training and repeated training can not only cultivate students' oral ability, but also cultivate children's flexibility and agility in thinking, so that children will not feel difficult and feel comfortable in solving problems in the future.

Seven, don't indulge children, don't do everything yourself, and develop good study habits.

Now we are all only children. The little sun at home, if he finds that the child's homework is not well written and done wrong, he can't bear to let him correct it and rewrite it, or simply write it for the child and correct it for the child. This is not good. Don't let children have the idea of dependence and laziness. Let them have the good habit of doing things by themselves, the habit of thinking independently and doing their own homework, and be clean, neat, clean, beautiful and punctual. At the same time, we should also pay attention to the posture of writing and holding the pen. At any time, we should do "three ones" to punch off the table, one foot from the book and one inch from the pen tip. Really make the school and parents * * * educate together, cooperate together, improve together, and achieve the goals expected by parents.