——
Nicholas
Copernicus
(Nicholas
Copernicus)
Mikolaj Kopernik
(mikolaj kopernik, 1473
~
1543)
This is the greatest astronomy in Poland.
Home,
The founder of the sun-centered theory,
Founder of modern astronomy.
He is also a versatile,
Deep knowledge
Bo's giant is an outstanding doctor, social activist, mathematician, economist and painter.
Copernicus is at
1473
year
2
moon
19
Born in the Vistula River in western Poland,
Santa Anna Lane, Torun City
A businessman's family. Father Nicholas is a businessman in Krakow.
1458
For business reasons,/kloc-0 moved to Torun in 1996.
Made a fortune,
Elected as a member of parliament and mayor of Torun.
Babana's mother is the daughter of a rich local businessman.
man and wife
There are two women and two men, and Copernicus is the youngest.
In Copernicus
10
/kloc-When he was 0/8 years old, his father died. Since then, his uncle Lucas Wazirod has been working for him.
( 1447
~
15 12)
Raised by the archbishop
The Archbishop is a progressive with humanitarian thoughts.
Therefore, brother
Bai Ni received a good education from an early age.
My uncle sent him to St. John's school and Fu successively.
I study in the mission school in Lavic, Loko.
Copernicus loved astronomy since he was a teenager.
Under the guidance of middle school teachers,
Made it. ...
According to the shadow of the sun to determine the time of the corona, thus cultivating his strong interest in astronomy.
149 1
Solstice year
1495
Copernicus entered Cracow University in 1920. Krakow was in Poland.
The capital,
It is also the largest trade and cultural center in Eastern Europe.
There are many foreign students studying here.
because
Located in the traffic hub of East and West Europe, it was influenced by the Italian Renaissance earlier.
Among the teachers in this school, the one who has the greatest influence on him,
Is a progressive mathematician and astronomer.
Professor Ikey Brouzet. The scholar studied Ptolemy, an ancient Greek astronomer in the second century A.D.
"Geocentric theory" raises questions. Copernicus often asked a scholar questions about astronomy and mathematics.
Title,
I also learned to observe the sky with astronomical instruments.
Professor's enlightenment education prompted Copernicus to decide that he would
I have devoted my life to astronomy.
After Copernicus graduated from Cracow University,
1495
In 2000, he was awarded by Copernicus' uncle Lucas Wazirod.
Life,
Across the Alps,
I went to study in Italy, the European cultural center at that time.
As it turns out,
The archbishop wants to talk to
Teutonic Knights of Rand Parish, ellman,
Someone must be proficient in church rules,
what
Decided to send his nephew Copernicus to Italy to study canon law.
Copernicus was a man who knew how to safeguard national interests.
Yi is a patriot. Although he loves astronomy, he readily agreed to his uncle's arrangement.
Copernicus entered the University of Bologna in Italy.
Study and research at the University of Padua and university of ferrara.
He studied law, astronomy, mathematics, theology and medicine, as well as Greek.
1503
How many years, Gobai?
Tony fulfilled his uncle's entrustment,
Received a doctorate in church law.
At the same time,
Copernicus' main energy is still
Research on astronomy and mathematics. At the University of Bologna, the professor of astronomy had the greatest influence on him.
Danofana,
Copernicus observed the celestial phenomena with him,
* * * Discuss the reform of Ptolemy theory.
Later, Copernicus basically carried out a great astronomical revolution along the direction of his teacher.
1499
Year,
26
/kloc-Copernicus, 0/8 years old, applied to be a professor of astronomy at the University of Rome.
1500
year
1 1
moon
six
He observed the solar eclipse in Rome, which confirmed the correctness of the ground motion theory.
1506
He came back from Italy on 1960.
Return to the motherland.
After Copernicus returned to Poland,
He works as a private doctor under his uncle, Archbishop Lucas Wazirod.
Secretarial work,
Dealing with the foreign affairs of the parish,
He's also a priest at Fronburg Abbey,
Until his uncle hit the road.
Archbishop Gass Wazirod
15 12
Until he died of illness in 1920.
Later,
Copernicus moved to Fronburg,
Since then, he has served as a priest there.
At the same time, he also uses industry.
Practice medicine in your spare time and treat the poor for free. His medical skill is brilliant, and he is called "the imperial doctor" by the local people.
Although Copernicus had a lot of work,
But he can still concentrate on the study of astronomy.
15 12
year
three
A few months,
He once bought an arrow tower in the northwest corner of the castle.
Think of it as your own residence and observe the astronomical phenomena.
Use,
This is actually a small observatory.
This watchtower still exists today,
Known as the "Copernican Tower",
oneself
Since17th century, it has been regarded as the holy land of astronomy. He uses the most basic independent tools, coming in summer and leaving in winter.
Whether it's windy or rainy, or it's freezing, we must observe celestial bodies for a long time.
30
A few years.
15 16
1998, the polish government indiscriminately issued inferior currency, which caused the price to soar and the currency to depreciate.
The market brings great confusion.
He wrote a book about it.
General theory of money
Booklet of.
Advocate the correct delivery method
Currency reform,
Establish a "monetary union",
And stipulates that countries that join the union are only allowed to circulate one currency.
only
Allow agencies to publish,
Money circulation must be controlled.
Due to the opposition of feudal lords,
His proposal
But he was the first economist in modern times to put forward the theory of good money to eliminate bad money.
Copernicus was not only an outstanding economist,
And a great patriot,
Dangtiao
When the Knights of London invaded Poland crazily, he stood up and defended his motherland.
15 19
Teutonic
The knights launched an attack,
Monks in the Rand region of ellman were scared away.
But he bravely organized and led the Olympic Games.
The people of Erz Ding fought back bravely against the invaders.
After five days and five nights of fierce fighting,
Finally beat back the enemy's attack.
In recognition of his achievements in the defense war,
Appointed him as "Prime Minister ellman Rand",
Be in charge of this
All government affairs in this area.
Copernicus was a versatile scholar,
He is proficient in Latin and Greek,
On Ancient Greek and Roman Literature
There are also quite a few studies; He is a painter and has painted self-portraits. He also drew a map of the Rand region of ellman,
I have designed tap water for 20 cities in Rand, ellman.
Copernicus was also an excellent mathematician.
His masterpiece
"day"
In the appendix of body motion theory, he published his paper on spherical triangle.
In Copernicus' career,
Whether in mathematics,
Medicine or law,
Economics and other fields are
Has made gratifying achievements,
However, the reason why he can go down in history,
But because of his greatness in astronomy.
Contribution.
Graphical representation of celestial motion theory
15 15
In, Copernicus began to write the book On the Movement of Celestial Bodies.
1525
Now, Copernicus' original daughter
Anna, the housekeeper, fell in love with the great scientist.
She ignores other people's gossip,
Firmly become
The church deprived Copernicus of the right to marry and live with him. Thanks to her careful care and help,
Make the writing of the book "On the Operation of Celestial Bodies" go smoothly.
1936
The book was basically completed in.
1540
In 2000, it was finalized after the last revision.
as far back as
1530
Year,
Copernicus once put his research results,
Processing and finishing,
Write a scientific paper,
It should be called ...
Short theory
It was handed over to some European scholars in the form of manuscripts.
People's attitude towards his theory.
There are different reactions, some support and some resolutely oppose it. I have been afraid to publish it for fear of persecution by the church.
154 1
In the autumn of 2008, Copernicus was the only believer. Retikas, a young professor of mathematics at Wittenberg University in Germany, put
The manuscript of The Operation of Celestial Bodies was sent to Nuremberg for publication.
1543
year
five
moon
24
Copernicus, the great Polish scientist, died of illness.
heliocentricism
Before Copernicus' Heliocentrism was published,
"Geocentric theory" has always been dominant in medieval Europe.
A little.
Since ancient times,
Man is constantly thinking about the structure of the universe.
Philosophers existed as early as ancient Greece.
Scientists put forward the idea that the earth is moving, but there was no basis at that time, so it was not recognized by people.
In ancient Europe,
Aristotle and Ptolemy advocated geocentric theory,
The earth is at rest,
Other stars revolve around the center of the universe-the earth.
This theory and Christian ideas
the Bible
middle
About heaven,
Humans,
The story of hell coincides with mine,
The dominant Vatican tries its best to support it.
Heart theory,
Integrate "geocentric theory" with God's creation of the world,
To fool people,
Maintain your own system
Governance. Therefore, the geocentric theory is regarded as a biblical classic by the church and has been in a dominant position for a long time.
With the continuous development of things,
The accuracy of astronomical observation is gradually improving.
People gradually discovered the geocentric theory.
That's a disadvantage.
By the Renaissance,
It is found that Ptolemy's average number of rounds and the current number of rounds are unexpected.
As many as 80 or so,
This is obviously unreasonable,
Unscientific.
People expect a scientific celestial body.
System replaces geocentric theory. Under this historical background, Copernicus's earthquake theory came into being.
about
15 15
Many years ago, Copernicus wrote an article explaining his basic views on the theory of celestial motion.
In the paper entitled "A Brief Talk", he believes that the movement of celestial bodies must meet the following seven points:
No center is the same as the orbit of all celestial bodies or celestial bodies;
The earth is just the center of gravity and orbit of the moon.
The center of the Tao,
Not the center of the universe;
All celestial bodies revolve around the sun,
The center of the universe is near the sun;
The ratio of the distance from the earth to the sun to the height of the sky can be ignored;
Any movement you see in the sky,
all
Is caused by the movement of the earth;
All the phenomena of sun movement seen in the air,
Not produced by its own movement.
Yes,
But caused by the movement of the earth,
The earth is in several movements at the same time;
People see the planets moving back and forth.
After exercise,
It is caused by the movement of the earth.
The movement of the earth is enough to explain what people see in the air.
I like it.
In addition,
Copernicus also described the sun,
The moon,
Three outer planets
(
Saturn,
Jupiter and Mars
)
second
inferior planet
(
Venus,
mercury
)
Visual movement.
In the book,
Copernicus criticized Ptolemy's theory.
Scientifically clarify
The phenomenon of celestial bodies running is analyzed,
Overthrow the long-standing dominant geocentric theory,
And fundamentally denied it.
Christianity's fallacy about God's creation has brought fundamental changes to astronomy.