Tang Ruowang 1
Tang Ruowang (1592-1666), German, Jesuit missionary of the Holy Roman Empire, Catholic Jesuit friar, priest and scholar.
I have lived in China for 47 years, through the Ming and Qing Dynasties. After his death, he was buried on the left side of Matteo Ricci's tomb in Beijing, and was named "Doctor Guanglu" by the Kangxi Dynasty, ranking first. There is a former residence in Cologne with statues. There is a lot of information about him in the Italian Jesuit archives.
Tang Ruowang is an important figure in the history of cultural exchange between China and the West, Christianity in China and science and technology in China. He established his important position in the history of cultural exchange between China and the West with sincere belief and profound knowledge. He has been in China for more than 40 years, and after the Ming and Qing Dynasties, he is one of the most important Jesuits since Matteo Ricci came to China.
He inherited Li Yili's strategy of preaching and made many contributions to the revision of the imperial calendar in Ming and Qing dynasties and the manufacture of artillery. Today's lunar calendar in China is a "modern lunar calendar" modified by Tang Ruowang on the basis of the earliest lunar calendar used in the Ming Dynasty. He is also the author of religious works, such as The Main System of Group Signing and The Origin of Bishops. With his unremitting efforts, the spread of western learning to the east has made indelible achievements.
2. Ferdinand Verbist
Ferdinand verbiest (1623 10 year1October 9-1688 10 year/October 28), also known as Burton, was a Belgian astronomer, scientist and Latin in Qing Dynasty.
1623,1Born in Brussels on October 9th, 164 1, joined the Jesuit order on September 29th and came to China on June 29th, 1658. He was one of the most influential missionaries in China in the early Qing Dynasty and made great contributions to the spread of modern western scientific knowledge in China.
He was the scientific enlightenment teacher of Emperor Kangxi, who was proficient in astronomical calendars and was good at casting guns. He was the highest official in charge of the National Astronomical Observatory (Qin) at that time, from official to assistant minister of the Ministry of Industry. 1688 65438+1On October 28th, Ferdinand ferdinand verbiest died in Beijing at the age of 66. He is the author of Emperor Kangxi's perpetual calendar, Kun Yu Tu's theory, and The Story of the Western Regions.
3. Platinum
Platinum (Joachim Bouvet, 1656— 1730), also known as platinum, is bright. 1656 July 18 was born in Le Mans, France. When I was young, I entered the Jesuit school and received a comprehensive education including theology, linguistics, philosophy and natural science, especially interested in mathematics and physics.
Kangxi came to China in twenty-six years, and he was a figure who made outstanding contributions to the cultural exchanges between China and the West in modern times.
4. Zhang Cheng
/kloc-in 0/670, he entered the training center of Jesuit monks in Champaign Province. 1685, he was sent by French king Louis XIV to preach in China with a group of Jesuits. 1687 (the 26th year of Kangxi) arrived in Ningbo, Zhejiang, and arrived in Beijing the following year. He was introduced to Emperor Kangxi by Portuguese priest Xu Risheng, and served in the imperial court with Bai Jin, while learning Chinese characters and Manchu.
1689, Rizo and Xu Risheng were appointed as translators for the Sino-Russian border negotiations in Nebuchadnezzar Chu. /kloc-entered the palace in 0/690 to teach Emperor Kangxi Euclid's principles, practical geometry and philosophy. 1696, galdan personally recruited from Emperor Kangxi. 1707 died in Beijing. Zhang Cheng was in charge of the French Academy in Beijing and later served as the president of the Jesuits.
In the so-called etiquette dispute between the Holy See and China, he advocated respecting China's custom of offering sacrifices to Confucius and his ancestors, and disagreed with the order of the Holy See prohibiting Christians in China from offering sacrifices to Confucius. 1693, Emperor Kangxi suffered from malaria, and Rizo and Bai Jin were given cinchona cream. After Emperor Kangxi recovered from his illness, he gave land to build the Salvation Hall (North Hall) in xi 'anmen.
5. Xu Risheng
1663, he joined the Jesuits. In the 11th year of Qing Emperor Kangxi (1672), he arrived in Macau. The following year, recommended by ferdinand verbiest, he came to Beijing to work for Qin, helped manage the calendar and served as a court music teacher. I have also studied China's music. I can imitate China's songs every time I smell them. In the twenty-seventh year of Kangxi, ferdinand verbiest fell ill and became the deputy supervisor of Qin Tian prison.
In the 28th year of Kangxi (1689), during the Sino-Russian border negotiation between Nebuchadnezzar and Chu, Zhang Chengdu and I were Latin translators of the Chinese delegation. In the 30th year of Kangxi (169 1), Jesuits inspected it. At that time, the missionaries of Zhejiang Dominicans were forbidden to build a new church in Lanxi by the governor of Zhejiang. He made a statement on the achievements of missionaries in making weapons and handling diplomacy, and called for relaxing the ban.
The following year, Emperor Kangxi issued a letter: "Catholic churches everywhere are still the same, and incense worshippers are still walking as usual, so there is no need to ban them." In the forty-fourth year of Kangxi (1705), representatives who opposed the Pope asked believers to give up the order of offering sacrifices to their ancestors. In forty-five years of Kangxi (1706), he was promoted to vice president of Jesuit province in China. Later he died in Beijing.
Baidu Encyclopedia-Xu Risheng
Baidu Encyclopedia-Zhang Cheng
Baidu Encyclopedia-Platinum
Baidu Encyclopedia-Ferdinand Verbist
Baidu Encyclopedia-Tang Ruowang