Liu Hui (born around 250 AD) is a very great mathematician in the history of Chinese mathematics, and also occupies a prominent position in the history of world mathematics. His representative works "Nine Arithmetic Notes" and "Arithmetic on the Island" are China's most precious mathematical heritage.

Jia Xian

Jia Xian was an outstanding mathematician in the Northern Song Dynasty in ancient China. The Nine Chapters of Yellow Emperor's Arithmetic Fine Grass (nine volumes) and Arithmetic Ancient Collection (two volumes) have been lost.

His main contribution is to create the "Jiaxian Triangle" and the method of multiplication and multiplication, which is the positive root method for finding the higher power. At present, the principle and procedure of mixed division in middle school mathematics are similar, while the multiplication and division method is more neat, simple and programmed than the traditional method, so it shows its superiority, especially when it comes to high power. This method was put forward more than 700 years before the conclusion of European mathematician Horner.

Qin

Qin (about 1202- 126 1) was from Anyue, Sichuan. He was once an official in Hubei, Anhui, Jiangsu, Zhejiang and other places, and was demoted to Meizhou (now Meixian County, Guangdong Province) around 126 1, and soon died. He, Yang Hui and Zhu Shijie are also called the four great mathematicians in Song and Yuan Dynasties. In his early years in Hangzhou, he visited the Taishi and learned mathematics from a hermit. 1247, he wrote the famous Shu Shu Jiu Zhang. The book "Shu Shu Jiu Zhang" has a total of 18 volumes and 8 1 title, which is divided into nine categories. Its most important achievements in mathematics-"the sum of large calculations" (a solution of congruence group) and "the solution of positive and negative square roots" (a numerical solution of higher-order equations) made this Song Dynasty arithmetic classic occupy a prominent position in the history of medieval mathematics.

Ye Li

Ye Li (1 192- 1279), formerly known as Li Zhi, was born in Luancheng, Jin Dynasty. He used to be the governor of Zhou Jun (now Yuxian County, Henan Province). Zhou Jun was attacked by the Mongols in 1232, and went to study in seclusion, and was later hired by Kublai Khan of Yuan Shizu. 1248 was written in "Circular Sea Mirror", the main purpose of which is to explain the method of arranging equations with astronomical elements. "Astrology" is similar to the column equation method in modern algebra. "Let Tianyuan be so-and-so" is equivalent to "Let X be so-and-so", which can be said to be an attempt of symbolic algebra. Another mathematical work by Ye Li, Yi Gu Yan Duan (1259), also explains Heaven.

Zhu Shijie

Zhu Shijie (about 1300), whose real name is Han Qing, lives in Yanshan (near Beijing today). He "traveled around the lake and sea with famous mathematicians for more than 20 years" and "gathered scholars by following the door" (Mo Ruo and Ancestral Differences: A Preface to Four Ideals). Zhu Shijie's representative works in mathematics include "Arithmetic Enlightenment" (1299) and "Meeting with the Source" (1303). "Arithmetic Enlightenment" is a well-known mathematical masterpiece, which spread overseas and influenced the development of mathematics in Korea and Japan. "Thinking of the source meets" is another symbol of China's mathematical peak in the Song and Yuan Dynasties. Among them, the most outstanding mathematical creations are quadrature (formulation and elimination of multivariate higher-order equations), superposition (summation of higher-order arithmetic progression) and invited difference (interpolation of higher-order).

Chungchi Tsu

Zu Chongzhi (AD 429-500), a native of Laiyuan County, Hebei Province, was an outstanding scientist in the Southern and Northern Dynasties. He is not only a mathematician, but also familiar with astronomical calendar, machinery manufacturing, music and other fields, and is an astronomer.

Zu Chongzhi's main achievement in mathematics is the calculation of pi, which is 3. 14 15926.

Zuhuan

Zu Chongzhi's son, Zuxuan, and his father, Zu Chongzhi, successfully solved the problem of calculating the sphere area and got the correct volume formula. The well-known "principle of forming ancestors" in current textbooks can be described as the outstanding contribution of Zuxuan to the world in the 5th century.

Yang Hui

Yang Hui was an outstanding mathematician and mathematical educator in the Southern Song Dynasty. /kloc-in the middle of the 0/3rd century, he was active in Suzhou and Hangzhou with many works.

His famous math books have five kinds and 21 volumes. He has written twelve volumes (126 1 year), two volumes (1262), three volumes (1274) and two volumes (field ratio multiplication and division algorithm).

In his Algorithm for Extracting Odds from Ancient Times, he introduced various forms of "vertical and horizontal graphs" and related construction methods. "Overlap" was Yang Hui's research on higher-order arithmetic progression after Shen Kuo's "Gap Product". In Classification, Yang Hui reclassified 246 problems in Nine Chapters of Arithmetic into nine categories according to the order of solving problems from shallow to deep, such as multiplication and division, division rate, coincidence rate, exchange, quadratic decline, overlapping product, surplus and deficiency, equation, Pythagorean and so on.

Zhao Shuang

Zhao Shuang was a mathematician in Wu Dong during the Three Kingdoms period. He once annotated the Pythagorean Arithmetic Classics. In his annotation of the Pythagorean Arithmetic Classics, there is a full text of more than 500 words, with a lost figure. This annotation concisely summarizes the important achievements of Pythagoras' arithmetic in the Eastern Han Dynasty, and gives and proves more than 20 propositions about the three sides of Pythagoras' string and the relationship between sum and difference for the first time.

Zhao Shuang also derived the quadratic equation (where A >: 0, A>0), and gave the proof of "gravity difference technique" by using the area relation of geometric figures in the solar altitude map annotation. The method used by astronomers in the Han Dynasty to measure the height and distance of the sun is called gravity difference technique.

Hua

Hua, a modern mathematician in China. 19101012 was born in Jintan county, Jiangsu province. 1June 1985 12 died in Tokyo, Japan. After graduating from junior high school, Hua 1924 studied in Shanghai China Vocational School for less than one year. He dropped out of school because of his poor family. He studies mathematics hard. 1930 He published an article on solving algebraic equations in Science, which attracted the attention of experts. He was invited to work in Tsinghua University and began to study number theory. 1934, became a researcher of China Education and Culture Foundation. 1936 went to Cambridge University as a visiting scholar. 1938 returned to China and was employed by Professor The National SouthWest Associated University. 1946 was invited by the Institute of Advanced Studies in Princeton, Soviet Union as a researcher and taught at Princeton University. From 65438 to 0948, he was a professor at the University of Illinois.

1924 graduated from Jintan middle school and studied hard. 1930, taught in Tsinghua University.

1936 Visiting study at Cambridge University, UK. 1938 became a professor in The National SouthWest Associated University after returning to China. From 65438 to 0946, he went to the United States and served as a researcher at Princeton Institute of Mathematics, a professor at Princeton University and the University of Illinois, and returned to China from 65438 to 0950. The estimation of Gaussian complete triangular sum was solved in 1940s.

A historical problem, the best error order estimation is obtained (this result is widely used in number theory); Right, haha.

On behalf of J.E. Littlewood, the results of Waring problem and E. Wright's results of Tarry problem have been greatly improved, and they are still the best records.

In algebra, the basic theorem of one-dimensional projective geometry left over from history for a long time is proved. give

A simple and direct proof of the result that the normal child of an object must be contained in its center is called Catan-brower-Hua theorem. His monograph "On Prime Numbers of Heaps" systematically summarizes, develops and perfects Hardy and Littlewood's circle method, vinogradov's trigonometric sum estimation method and his own method, and its main achievements are still in the past 40 years.

World Leading Position has been translated into Russian, Hungarian, Japanese, German and English, and has become one of the classic number theory works in the 20th century. His monograph "Harmonic Analysis on Typical Fields of Multiple Complex Variables" gives the complete orthogonal system of typical fields with accurate analysis and matrix skills, combined with group representation theory, and thus gives the expressions of Cauchy and Poisson kernel. This work has a wide and deep influence on harmonic analysis, complex analysis and differential equations, and won the first prize of China Natural Science Award. Advocating the development of applied mathematics and computer, he has published many works such as Master Planning Method and Optimization Research, which have been popularized in China. In cooperation with Professor Wang Yuan, he has made important achievements in the application research of modern number theory methods, which is called "Hua Wang Fa". He made great contributions to the development of mathematics education and the popularization of science. He has published more than 200 research papers and dozens of monographs and popular science works.

Jingrun Chen

Mathematician, Academician of China Academy of Sciences. 1933 was born in Fuzhou, Fujian on May 22nd. 1953 graduated from Xiamen University.

Mathematics department. From 65438 to 0957, he entered the Institute of Mathematics of China Academy of Sciences and studied number theory under the guidance of Professor Hua. He has been a researcher at the Institute of Mathematics of China Academy of Sciences, a member of the academic committee of the Institute, a professor at Guiyang University for Nationalities, Henan University, Qingdao University, Huazhong University of Science and Technology and Fujian Normal University, a member of the Mathematics Discipline Group of the State Science and Technology Commission, and the editor-in-chief of Mathematics Quarterly. Mainly engaged in the research of analytic number theory, and achieved international leading results in the research of Goldbach conjecture. This achievement is called "Chen Theorem" internationally and is widely cited. This work, together with Professor Wang Yuan and Professor Pan Chengdong, won the first prize of National Natural Science 1978. Later, the above theorem was improved, and the paper "Minimum Prime Number in arithmetic progression" was completed at the beginning of 1979, which pushed the minimum prime number from the original 80 to 16.

, praised by the international mathematics community. The close relationship between combinatorial mathematics and modern economic management, scientific experiments, cutting-edge technology and human life is also studied. He has published more than 70 research papers, including "Interesting Talks on Mathematics" and "Combinatorial Mathematics"!

Su (1902-2003) was born in Pingyang, Zhejiang. 1927 graduated from the Department of Mathematics, Tohoku Imperial University, Japan, and then entered the graduate school of this school, obtaining a doctorate in science. After returning to China, he was employed by the Mathematics Department of Zhejiang University. 1952 national college adjustment, he taught at Fudan University, and served as provost, vice president and principal. From 1983, he became honorary president of Fudan University. 1985 Honorary President of Wenzhou University. He has served as the vice chairman of the 7th and 8th China People's Political Consultative Conference, the Standing Committee of the 5th and 6th National People's Congress, and the vice chairman of NLD Central Committee. 1955 was elected as a member of the Department of Mathematical Physics of China Academy of Sciences and a member of the Standing Committee of the Academic Committee, specializing in differential geometry, and founded a recognized school of differential geometry at home and abroad. Author of "Introduction to Projective Curves", "Introduction to Projective Surfaces" and other monographs 10. The research results "hull lofting project" and "hull line making program by curved surface method" won the national science conference award and the second prize of national scientific and technological progress respectively.

Although Su Lao's family is poor, his parents scrimp and save, and they have to work hard to pay for his education. When he was in junior high school, he was not interested in mathematics. He thinks mathematics is too simple, and he will understand it as soon as he learns it. It can be measured that a later math class influenced his life.

That was when Su was in the third grade. He was studying in No.60 Middle School in Zhejiang Province. Teacher Yang teaches mathematics. He has just returned from studying in Tokyo. In the first class, Mr. Yang didn't talk about math, but told stories. He said: "In today's world, the law of the jungle, the world powers rely on their ships to build guns and gain benefits, and all want to eat and carve up China. The danger of China's national subjugation and extinction is imminent, so we must revitalize science, develop industry and save the nation. Every student here has a responsibility to' rise and fall in the world'. " He quoted and described the great role of mathematics in the development of modern science and technology. The last sentence of this class is: "In order to save the country and survive, we must revitalize science. Mathematics is the pioneer of science. In order to develop science, we must learn math well. "I don't know how many lessons Sue took in her life, but this lesson will never be forgotten.

Teacher Yang's class deeply touched him and injected new stimulants into his mind. Reading is not only to get rid of personal difficulties, but to save the suffering people in China; Reading is not only to find a way out for individuals, but to seek a new life for the Chinese nation. That night, Sue tossed and turned and stayed up all night. Under the influence of Teacher Yang, Su's interest shifted from literature to mathematics, and since then, she has set the motto "Never forget to save the country when reading, and never forget to save the country when reading". I am fascinated by mathematics. No matter it is the heat of winter or the snowy night in first frost, Sue only knows reading, thinking, solving problems and calculating, and has worked out tens of thousands of math exercises in four years. Now Wenzhou No.1 Middle School (that is, the provincial No.10 Middle School at that time) still treasures a Su's geometry exercise book, which is written with a brush and has fine workmanship. When I graduated from high school, my grades in all subjects were above 90.

/kloc-At the age of 0/7, Su went to Japan to study, and won the first place in Tokyo Technical School, where she studied eagerly. The belief of winning glory for our country drove Su to enter the field of mathematics research earlier. At the same time, he has written more than 30 papers, and made great achievements in differential geometry, and obtained the doctor of science degree in 193 1. Before receiving her doctorate, Su was a lecturer in the Department of Mathematics of Imperial University of Japan. Just as a Japanese university was preparing to hire him as an associate professor with a high salary, Su decided to return to China to teach with his ancestors. After the professor of Zhejiang University returned to Suzhou, his life was very hard. In the face of difficulties, Su's answer is, "Suffering is nothing, I am willing, because I have chosen the right road, which is a patriotic and bright road!" "

This is the patriotism of the older generation of mathematicians.

After the news of Mr. Su's death spread, Pingyang people felt very heavy. Because of his deep affection for the people in his hometown, his name has long been associated with many aspects of his hometown.

When I reread "the farmer's son at the foot of Woniu Mountain, the cow sang a hymn and brought the stream." I want to cut bamboo into whips and lead cattle to plow the world, but I don't have any thoughts. Sue is not only a famous mathematician at home and abroad, but also an excellent poet. He became attached to poetry all his life, which not only reflected his spirit of loving the motherland, but also permeated with deep homesickness. As far as hundreds of poems in Su's Amateur Poem Banknotes are concerned, there are dozens of poems praising hometown: Yandang in Oujiang River, Crouching Cow with Creek, Peasant Style, and Slang of Children's Songs, all of which are full of charm and have been written for more than 60 years. Poetry is Sue's personality projection, emotional materialization and life crystallization. Reading his poems provides a rare artistic reference for us to understand the spiritual world of upright intellectuals in modern China.

As early as War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression's time, Su lived in a small town in the northwest and was in the predicament of "university in exile". He still doesn't forget his elders in his hometown, and sends his feelings with poems: "Painting horns urges blood, and smoke everywhere is short of gold." "Wan Li's hometown is separated by the dust of war, and Jiangnan's misty rain dreams return to frequency." "The poor child's clothes are small, but he has no choice but to return to his dream." After the victory of the Anti-Japanese War, he went to Taiwan Province Province to take over Taipei University. Many friends advised him to stay in Taiwan Province province, but he decided to go back to Zhejiang University. 1in March, 946, on the plane returning from Taiwan Province Province, Su wrote a nostalgic article: "The deep blue waves rest in the gorge of Taiwan Province Province. The waves are broken, and the solitary plane points to the distance, eastern Zhejiang and northern Europe. The mountains overlap where the white clouds open, which clearly shows the season in Wan Li. In the return season, in the secluded place of the Red Chamber, new snow is in full bloom. " Later, Chiang Kai-shek launched a civil war and trapped the people in dire straits. Su Shi's poems are full of feelings of hurting nature and worrying about the country and the people: "There is no pure land in the eyes" and "I feel sad when I hear the drums". In the disastrous years of old China, his poems were full of worries, his works were gloomy, and his childlike innocence came to the fore.

Southern Yan is the most abundant theme in Su's hometown poems. /kloc-was born in 0/902, and left his hometown to study in Japan in 0/919. Since then, I have been living in other places, but I am most concerned about Nanyandang Mountain in my hometown. There are dozens of poems describing Nanyan customs: Huiwen Academy's ancient style, Xiangu Cave incense, Bixidu bamboo raft, Shunxi fragrant fish and Tengjiao ancient bridge. The cow's back should only be late, and the sheep intestines will enter the mountains from now on. There are thousands of storms in the clouds, and the beach sounds like a stream in summer and autumn. I remember that the grass came in spring and the sunset ferry was a boat. "Because the poet is very familiar with the environment, he came here conveniently and described the scenic spots such as Bixidu, Southeast Pingzhang and Yun Guan vividly. 1945 just after the victory of the Anti-Japanese War, he wanted to go back to his hometown, but he didn't have a chance, so he wrote in Xiangudong: "In the dream, Xiangu drew a line, but it was faint. I don't know the cold shadows between the windows and the bright mountains. "The cold lamp in front of the window has become a bright moon in my hometown, which shows its affection. His trip to Nanyan, the song of Nanyan's beautiful scenery, homesickness and yearning for Nanyan are all written in memories and thoughts. 1942 a friend wrote in a poem sent to him: "Love is hard to send to the sound of Zigui, and the heart is chasing geese." He said to him, "Yun Guan is a thousand steps away from Sendao, and the bright moon hangs alone, printing geese. Shi Qiang, an old classmate from my hometown, brought Nanyan specialty dried fragrant fish. He wrote affectionately: "When I smell the autumn scenery in my hometown at night, Xifeng doesn't have to remember bass. "

There is a mountain called Niu Shan Lie in front of my hometown's former residence, which is one of the landscapes of Nanyan. This mountain appears many times in Su's poems. He calls himself "Cowherd at the foot of Woniu Mountain", "Old Farmer at the foot of Woniu Mountain" and "Farmer at the foot of Woniu Mountain". He and Professor Su, a famous literary historian, are fellow villagers. Both of them work in Shanghai and have deep feelings for Southern Yan. 1983, Su's letter to Su, "Nanyan Swallows Feel Like Xiang Zhong": "After forty years away from the famous mountains, I sometimes miss Nanyun. Xiangu wept with joy, and her fragrance was fragrant. Sun Lao listed essays for no reason (Sun wrote a joint letter from the College of Liberal Arts:' Elo stresses respect, Yongjia seniors read more'). Cow's back flute crosses the sun obliquely, and sheep's intestines chase the old garden gate. Qiu Lai is full of homesickness and there are several villages. " The receipt of the manuscript aroused Su's infinite nostalgia. He wrote "Old Bu sent a long sentence to show the same feeling when he was a child in Huiwen Academy": "Southern Yan returned to China for sixty years, and Fu Ren made friends with Lingyun. There is nothing hidden in osmanthus, but there is something relaxing in China. The wild crossing is a real painting, and the blue light is just enough to close the door. Kexiang does not feel that Lingshan is far away, and Fenghuang has a village. " The poems of two famous people have now become treasures in their hometown. 1985, Su wrote an inscription for the place name of Pingyang, in which he wrote, "I am an outstanding person in Pingyang, and the fish and rice in the wild are fragrant." This poem later became a famous sentence praising Pingyang.

Reading Su's poems, it is not difficult to feel that he is a man with temperament. In fact, he has no intention of being a poet, but his enduring enthusiasm for life, colorful life experiences, profound knowledge, profound literary foundation and passionate homesickness have made him a great success in everything he does and become a real poet.