Please fill in the correct answers in the blanks of each question. You don't score if you fill it wrong or not.

1. Due to the limitation of natural conditions or water flow characteristics, there are _ _ _ _ _ _ in the plane and _ _ _ _ _ _ in the longitudinal direction.

2. Pavement is a structure in which all kinds of building materials are laid on the top of subgrade to provide safe, fast and comfortable driving for cars.

3. The pavement must have enough _ _ _ _ _ _ _ and good _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _.

4. The highway is a three-dimensional engineering entity, and its direction, elevation and geometry need to be determined by _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ and _ _ _ _ _.

5. According to whether there is a ramp connecting the upper and lower roads, the interchange can be divided into _ _ _ _ interchange and _ _ _ _ _ interchange.

6. The deformation of subgrade is elastic and unrecoverable residual deformation due to the change of water temperature and weathering in soil foundation under the action of self-weight and wheel load. Subgrade deformation is divided into _ _ _ _ and _ _ _ _.

7. The road arch should ensure the pavement _ _ _ _ _ _; And make sure that _ _ _ _ _.

8. Compared with cement concrete pavement, asphalt pavement surface is _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _.

9. Emulsified asphalt is made of _ _ _ _ _ _ and water. Second, the noun explanation (this big topic ***6 small questions, each small question 5 points, ***30 points)

1. Design speed

2. Driving sight distance

Step 3 Calculate the span

4. Bridge deck pavement

5. Multi-arch calculation

6. Maximum longitudinal slope III. Short answer questions (5 small questions in this big question, 6 points for each small question, 30 points for * * *).

1. What is the purpose of setting the transition curve?

2. When building subgrade, under what circumstances can we consider building retaining wall to solve the problem?

3. What scope does the arch bridge apply to?

4. According to the structure, what kinds of piers can be divided into, and what are their characteristics?

5. What are the main indicators for evaluating pavement quality? Fourth, the calculation problem (this big problem ***2 small questions, each small question 10 points, ***20 points)

1. A city with a population of 5 million has an urban land area of 250km2, the total length of main roads is 450km, and the road area is 51.2000 m2. Try to calculate the density and road area index of trunk road system.

2. To build a first-class expressway with a design speed of 120km/h, in which a transition curve with a radius of 800m is required. According to the centrifugal acceleration change rate and the driver's operation response time (1.2s), the transition curve length is calculated and determined.