The history of the modern Olympic movement for more than one hundred years has been accompanied by the development of modern civilization in human society. The position and role of sports in social activities, and its influence on social culture and people's lifestyle are constantly strengthened because of the existence and development of the Olympic Movement. In a sense, the convening of each Olympic Games is also a grand cultural celebration and wonderful cultural display. Through the design of its logo, mascot and poster, the creation of theme song, the creation of music and dance at the opening and closing ceremonies, the design of Olympic venues, competition facilities and sportswear, etc. Ignite the fire of culture in various forms and convey the light of civilization, so that people all over the world can feel the influence of culture and art and enjoy the beauty.
Cultural characteristics of the Olympic movement
Coubertin said: "The Olympic Movement is a great symbol." In the practice of the Olympic Movement, his philosophy of life of harmonious human development, the spirit of unity, friendship and progress, the principle of fair and equal competition and the etiquette norms formed are all embodied in a series of unique and distinctive cultural and artistic forms, such as the Olympic flag, Olympic torch, Olympic symbol, Olympic songs, Olympic medals and Olympic mascots.
(1) Olympic cultural symbol
Olympic symbol. The five nested rings of blue, yellow, black, green and red represent the unity of five continents and the gathering of athletes from all over the world at the Olympic Games. Today, the Olympic rings have become a symbol of world peace and national unity. For example, at the opening ceremony of the Barcelona Olympic Games in 1992, an Olympic five-ring flag with a length of 105 m and a width of 75 m fluttered in the wind at the main venue, covering the crowd attending the opening ceremony.
(2) Olympic flame. Fire represents life, enthusiasm and exuberant vitality. The flame lit at the site of Olympia in ancient Greece symbolizes the light of civilization that originated in ancient Greece. It still shines on the road of human progress and inspires human beings to pursue light, ideals and lofty goals. The torch relay also symbolizes the transmission of the Olympic spirit.
(3) The Olympic emblem. The Olympic emblem of previous years is not only a record of the venue and time of the Olympic Games, but also a cultural symbol and ideological significance. For example, the emblem of the Seoul Olympic Games consists of blue, red and yellow spiral stripes and a five-color ring symbolizing the Olympic Games. Three colors represent the philosophical meaning of the trinity of heaven, earth and man; Dynamic stripes represent endless movement, and upward rotation represents harmonious progress; Introversion in the logo is a metaphor for athletes from five continents gathering to participate in the Olympic Games. External centrifugal power symbolizes mutual understanding and world progress through the lofty spirit of the Olympics. The whole design is full of Korean national color.
④ Olympic anthem. The anthem of the previous Olympic Games is either impassioned or euphemistic, which is a full display of the great integration of world culture. Almost every Olympic song concentrates the creativity and inspiration of global music artists, such as 1988 "Hand in Hand" of Seoul Olympic Games, which quickly swept the world and effectively played a role in promoting Olympic culture and Olympic spirit.
⑤ Olympic medals. With the rotation of the host country, the production of Olympic medals presents distinct characteristics of different cultures. For example, the medals of the 2008 Beijing Olympic Games, which have been announced, adopt the unique design of "gold inlaid with jade", symbolizing the heavy historical tradition and unique cultural charm of the Chinese nation.
⑥ Olympic mascot. Since mascots first appeared in the 1968 10 Winter Olympics, the unique mascots introduced in each Olympic Games are the ingenious integration of national culture and Olympic culture, and also the process of spreading and educating Olympic culture.
These symbolic symbols, patterns and objects of the Olympic Games have become a well-known "international language". With its unique and distinctive image, the Olympic culture has been printed in the hearts of countless people around the world.
(2) Diversity of Olympic culture
Based on the spirit of equality, respect and fair competition, the modern Olympic Movement opposes all forms of discrimination and emphasizes the universal principles of "everyone's movement" and "participation is more important than winning". The implementation of this principle has promoted the diversity of Olympic cultural development, and cultural diversity is also the basic experience and the biggest feature of the development of the Olympic movement. Mr. He, the executive member of the International Olympic Committee, made the best interpretation: "From the history of the Olympic Movement for nearly a hundred years, one of the reasons for its success is the compatibility and respect for multiple cultures. This wise policy not only determines the multiculturalism of the Olympic Movement, but also makes it more attractive and cohesive. It is no exaggeration to say that multiculturalism is the wealth and strength of the Olympic movement. "
(3) Appreciation of Olympic culture
It is a phenomenon in sports to show beauty and create beauty, and it is also the ideal that Olympic culture has been pursuing. The Olympic Games is the highest form of human beauty display, and the Olympic Movement aims to create and display a beautiful world. Here, not only the world-class beauty of human body is displayed, such as the beauty of human body's shape, strength, rhythm and movement, but also the beauty of other cultural and artistic forms. Athletes' exquisite skills and enterprising spirit can maximize their potential, challenge the limits of their physical strength and life, create an image of seeking happiness and physical and mental pleasure, and at the same time make hundreds of millions of viewers appreciate beauty and be influenced by culture. The various cultural and artistic forms displayed in the Olympic Games attract hundreds of millions of spectators, just like the competitive art world. The emotional atmosphere and aesthetic mood created by the Olympic Movement constitute a colorful cultural landscape with strong appreciation.
Appreciation improves people's aesthetic accomplishment, beautifies the audience's mind and social life.
(4) the humanistic spirit of Olympic culture
Humanism refers to various cultural phenomena in human society since the Renaissance in Europe, which constitutes modern humanistic thoughts and concepts and profoundly affects all levels and fields of social life, including sports. The ancient Olympic Games has become a part of Greek national culture, while the modern Olympic Movement is the product of the development of humanistic thought, emphasizing people-oriented and harmonious development of people. Long-term Olympic practice has accumulated rich humanistic spirit. It embodies people's pursuit of truth, goodness and beauty. Olympic culture has become a discipline system and a part of humanities, and its humanity makes it have universal and good educational value.
(5) the artistry of Olympic culture
In the traditional mass festivals of all ethnic groups, there is often a lack of elegant taste and artistic tension. However, in various activities of the Olympic Movement, especially in the quadrennial Olympic Games, people use various artistic means to make these activities reach a very high aesthetic mood and full of rich artistic atmosphere.
Through the artistic expression of the Olympic Games, all participants and spectators have deepened their aesthetic cultivation while creating beauty. People's appreciation of these beautiful things is also a process of accepting beauty. The purpose of carrying forward Olympic culture is to improve people's emotional accomplishment, social morality and personality through aesthetic feeling.
Although this kind of aesthetic education is not pure art, it reveals people's cultivation and sentiment through artistic expression, and achieves the coordination between people and the environment and between people. Advocating beauty and cultivating people's spiritual world with beauty can sublimate the real life of the whole human society. In this sense, the Olympic movement is also a large-scale aesthetic education process, and it is a bold and meaningful attempt to enhance the spiritual outlook of the whole human society with artistic beauty.
The ideological connotation of Olympic culture
Although Olympic culture is a polysemous concept, its basic point is to reflect an ideal and a spirit, which is the main embodiment of the connotation of Olympic culture. In the development of modern Olympic movement, there are often different emphases or formulations according to different needs and different angles.
Sports activities contain rich values universally recognized by human beings. Today, the Olympic movement is no longer just an ordinary sports activity. It refines, generalizes and sublimates the rich connotation of sports, summarizes "Olympism" and "Olympic spirit", and strives to practice it in the Olympic movement. The Olympic Movement is an eternal school for people to learn Olympism and Olympic spirit.
By organizing and participating in the Olympic Movement, people's Olympic spirit has further penetrated into all fields of sports and other social life. According to the Olympic Charter, the practice of the Olympic movement and the nature and concept of culture, the connotation of Olympic culture is mainly reflected in the following six aspects: harmonious development, unity and friendship, fair competition, focusing on participation, hard work and winning glory for the country.
(1) Harmonious development
The harmonious development of human beings mainly includes physical strength and intelligence or body and spirit. The ancient Olympic Games emphasized the harmonious development of human beings. The winners of the games were not only skilled and physically strong, but also virtuous and knowledgeable. The ancient Greeks believed that a healthy body was the foundation of a healthy life, a sound soul lived in a healthy body, and paid attention to the combination of physical exercise and cultural quality. The modern Olympic movement is more people-oriented. All sports events can be realized through the cooperation between people, people and sports tools. The purpose of Olympism is to make sports serve the harmonious development of people and promote the establishment of a peaceful society that safeguards human dignity. The Olympic philosophy of life is "to strengthen physique, will and spirit, and make them develop in an all-round and balanced way."
As a fertile ground for cultivating people, the Olympic Movement is a process of educating people to develop in an all-round way. Through physical exercise, people can strengthen their physique, develop and improve their thinking ability and shape their perfect personality. Coubertin said: "Physical exercise is the most direct way to strengthen the national physique and correct the deformed body." "Sports is an ideal means to cultivate honor and selflessness." Coubertin's Ode to Sports highly praised the role of sports. Encourage people to take an active part in sports, the purpose of which is to make people develop in an all-round way, not only have a healthy body, but also have good quality, and become noble, just, strong, intelligent and bodybuilding people.
(2) Unity and friendship
The highest goal of the Olympic Movement is to bring people from different countries, races, languages and religions together through sports activities, so that everyone can communicate with each other, enhance understanding and promote friendship, and then contribute to building a better world and safeguarding human dignity, not just a simple sports activity.
The olive branch was the highest award in the ancient Olympic Games, symbolizing auspiciousness, friendship and peace. It made a sacred truce treaty to ensure the sanctity of the Olympic Games. The ancient Olympic Games played an important role in stopping wars and maintaining peace. The modern Olympic Games has inherited this tradition, emphasizing national equality, safeguarding human dignity, advocating multiculturalism, mutual compatibility and peaceful coexistence.
Unity and friendship are the basic principles of human survival and development. The modern Olympic movement reflects the strongest desire of human beings, which makes it have extensive attraction and strong vitality. The Olympic symbol consists of five Olympic rings. Their colors are blue, yellow, black, green and red. The five rings are nested from left to right, with blue, black and red rings above and yellow and green rings below. On behalf of the unity of the five continents, athletes from all over the world gathered at the Olympic Games. Modern Olympic Movement tries to build a bridge to connect people of all countries, which is a link to connect people of all countries, enhance mutual understanding between people of different nationalities and cultures, promote world peace and reduce the threat of war, so it has become an important part of world peace.
(3) Fair competition
Olympic Games is a kind of sports at first, with competitive sports as the main activity content. Competition is the essential attribute of sports. The competition advocated by Olympism is based on fair moral standards, emphasizing that "sports are honors, but honors are impartial". This is the maintenance of human dignity and the guarantee of realizing the Olympic purpose. The outstanding characteristics of competitive sports are fierce antagonism and distinct entertainment. In the competition, athletes can win or lose through intense physical contact and confrontation, which not only exercises their bodies and hons their will quality, but also provides healthy physical and mental entertainment and enjoyment for the audience. Competition is one of the basic means to promote the progress of human society. People express their ambitions in competition and increase their intelligence. To participate in this activity, they must establish a sense of competition, dare to challenge the world's strong players and advanced levels, and constantly surpass themselves, others and the world.
The scope of fair competition in ancient Greece only refers to male citizens of Greek descent, and women who account for half of the population and slaves and foreigners who greatly exceed half of the citizens have no chance. However, the modern Olympic Games is open to all people in the world, and athletes are completely equal. Under the conditions, abide by the rules, rely on your own ability, and play openly. This is the real fair competition. The principle of fair competition is as follows: in the venue provided by the organizer with the same conditions, under the completely equal competition rules, and under the standard of fair law enforcement by the judges, the contestants completely rely on their strong physique, alert mind, good reaction ability and control to beat their opponents and win. Only on the basis of this fair rule can sports be full of unique charm and the outcome of the game be true.
(4) Hard struggle
The Olympic Movement has always advocated a life attitude of taking struggle as pleasure and seeking happiness from struggle, and has always advocated people to tap their own potential to the maximum, challenge the limits of their physical fitness and life, and "create a lifestyle with hard work, giving full play to the exemplary role and respecting the basic principles of public morality as its educational value". Brave competition and hard work are the true meaning of realizing the value of life. It is also the purpose and concept pursued by the Olympic Movement, because the struggle on the field is the epitome of human struggle. Hard work and fierce competition not only directly stimulate the athletes on the field, but also have far-reaching educational significance for many spectators outside the field, especially the growing teenagers. The spirit of struggle embodies an inner strength of human advanced elements and is an indispensable noble quality for the self-improvement and prosperity of human society.
The Olympic Movement is a rare masterpiece of human society, which fully demonstrates the various functions of sports. Its influence goes far beyond the scope of sports, and it has produced a series of influences that cannot be ignored in politics, economy, philosophy, culture, art and news media in the contemporary world. The Olympic Movement not only constitutes a unique sports cultural landscape in modern society, delights people's body and mind with its unique cultural charm, but also inspires people to forge ahead with its strong humanistic spirit.
The Olympic movement is the product of the times. The industrial revolution has greatly expanded the economic, political and cultural ties among all ethnic groups in the world, and the exchanges between countries have become increasingly close. There is an urgent need to strengthen international mutual understanding through various means of communication. The appearance of the Olympic Movement adapts to the needs of this society and is the inevitable product of the development of human society to a certain stage.
Olympic Games (Greek: ο λ υ μ π ι α κ ο? Αγ? νε? ; French: Jeux olympiques；; English: The Olympic Games (hereinafter referred to as the "Olympic Games") is the largest comprehensive sports meeting in the world sponsored by the International Olympic Committee. Held once every four years, the duration shall not exceed 16 days. It is divided into Summer Olympic Games (Olympic Games), Winter Olympic Games (Winter Olympics), Summer Youth Olympic Games (Youth Olympic Games) and winter youth olympic games. The Olympic Games is for countries to exchange culture and learn sports skills through sports, and its purpose is to encourage people's sportsmanship.
The Olympic Games originated in ancient Greece more than 2,000 years ago and got its name because it was held in Olympia. After the closure of the ancient Olympic Games 1500 years, Coubertin, a Frenchman, put forward an initiative to host the modern Olympic Games at the end of 19. Founded in 1894, it hosted the first Olympic Games in 1896, the first Paralympic Games in 1960 and the first Youth Olympic Games in 20 10. The current president of the International Olympic Committee is German thomas bach.
In August 2008, Beijing, China hosted the 2008 Beijing Olympic Games and the 2008 Beijing Paralympic Games.
20 14 In August, Nanjing, China held the 20 14 Nanjing Youth Olympic Games.
20 15 July, Beijing and Zhangjiakou successfully bid for the 2022 Winter Olympics. Beijing became the first city in the world to host the Summer Olympic Games and the Winter Olympic Games.
20 16 Olympic Games will be held in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. The village of Olympia in Greece, the birthplace of the Olympic Games, is located in the east of Pilgos in the west of the Peloponnesus, at the intersection of the Alpes and Krazefs rivers, about 370 kilometers away from Athens. This is the birthplace of the ancient Olympic Games and the oldest existing sports ground in the world.