Lecture Notes on Mathematics for Large Classes 1 I. teaching material analysis
Mathematics is an abstract logic subject with its own characteristics and laws. It is closely related to children's life, and mathematics activities should be designed in combination with children's life reality and knowledge and experience. In the math activity of "I can divide", I hope to provide children with enough operation materials, and then guide them step by step, so that children can really find and summarize the method of "dividing equally" in the operation process. Because the formation of children's mathematical concepts can not be solved by listening to the teacher and watching the teacher demonstrate, it must be through the process of children's own active activities.
Second, the analysis of children's situation
The cognitive, operational and logical thinking abilities of children in large classes have been continuously improved; At the same time, they are not only satisfied with what the teacher said, but also often ask questions such as "what is this", "why" and "how to do it". They are more willing to prove it through their own abilities, so they are more interested in operation. Moreover, because children are not mature in all aspects of development, they may understand something, but they can't transform it from concrete to their own internal abstract concepts. Therefore, through activities, I hope they can turn their understanding of the external characteristics of things into internal and regular thinking.
Third, say the goal.
The new syllabus points out that the value orientation of science education is no longer concerned with the transmission of static knowledge, but with children's emotional attitude and children's ability to explore and solve problems. Children are active participants rather than passive recipients of educational activities, and the content of activities must meet children's interests, needs and acceptance, so as to guide children to develop to the nearest target development area. The children in the big class like to explore, like to try, and are very interested in moving and doing, so I inspired them to exchange discussions, accumulate experience and guide them to find an equal method after the operation. I set the following goals for this activity:
1, learn to divide an object into two equal parts and four equal parts, and understand the relationship between the whole and the parts.
2. Explore different ways to divide an object equally, develop observation and creativity, and improve the ability to solve practical problems.
Activity preparation:
1, a string, a rectangle and a square piece of paper.
2. Every child should have an operating material, including: string (or wool), scissors, and several pieces of round, rectangular and square paper.
3. Bread slices, round cakes, plasticine, oranges, cucumber segments, tomatoes and plastic knives.
4. Children's books.
Activity flow:
1, show objects and guide children to learn dichotomy.
(1) Show a rope and let the children think. This rope should be divided into two sections of equal length. How to divide it? Let the children divide it.
(1) Children's operation, teachers' patrol, encouraging children to actively start work, and emphasizing equal length, so that children can explore and find that cutting from the crease is the correct method.
The teacher concluded: dividing the rope into two equal parts like this is called bisection, and each part is half of the original.
(2) Show square, round and rectangular pieces of paper and guide children to try to divide them into two parts.
Children's operation, teacher guidance, found that there are differences should be actively encouraged.
(3) Discussion: How many different ways are there to divide square, round and rectangular paper into two halves? (3 kinds of squares, 1 circle, 3 kinds of rectangles)
(4) Inspire children to find ways to verify that two separate copies are the same size and understand that each separate copy is half of the original.
Teacher: How to divide it? Are these two parts the same size? How much is the original share? What happens when the two parts are combined?
Teacher's summary: Each copy is half of the original. To divide an object equally is to divide it into two equal parts. Combining these two independent parts, it becomes the original graph.
2. Show physical objects and guide children to learn quartering.
(1) Show the square and let the children think. How should this square be divided into four equal parts? Let the children divide it.
The teacher summed up: the quartering method is to divide an object into four equal parts. (Teacher's demonstration)
(2) Show round and rectangular pieces of paper and rope, and guide children to try to divide them into four parts.
(3) Discussion: How many different ways are there to divide round and rectangular paper ropes into four parts?
Summary: There are 1 species in circles, 3 species in rectangles and 1 species in ropes.
(4) Inspire children to find ways to verify that the four separated copies are the same size, and understand that each separated copy is one of the original four copies.
3, children's grouping operation: "two good friends", "sub-picture", various food learning tools, individual guidance from teachers.
4. Activity evaluation.
Consolidate the concepts of dichotomy and quartering.
Lecture notes on mathematics for large classes 2. Teaching materials for oral activities
Distinguishing between left and right is the content of spatial orientation cognition carried out by large classes this semester. The key point is to guide children to be self-centered and distinguish between left and right relationships. "Outline" said: "Kindergarten mathematics should be dominated by games, and children can get different development and improvement in games." So I designed some small games in the activity, so that children can easily master the concepts of left and right in the game. Self-centered, correctly judge the left and right, and develop children's spatial perception ability.
Second, state the goal of the activity.
The formulation of activity objectives should reflect its education, value and practicality. The activity goal is not only the starting point and destination of the whole educational activity, but also plays a guiding role in the activity. Therefore, in order to meet the development needs of children's cognition, emotion and ability, I have set the following goals:
1, perceive the spatial orientation of "left" and "right", and develop the perception and judgment of spatial orientation;
2. Stimulate children's interest in communicating with peers, and accurately tell the "left" and "right" directions of objects;
Third, talk about the difficulties of the activity:
Develop children's perception and judgment of spatial orientation;
Fourth, say activity preparation:
1, site layout: things are hung on the left and right sides of the activity room;
2, 40 blue and green belts, tied to the children's hands before class;
3, children's book "Mathematics" page 12, scissors, glue;
Five, said the activity process:
Link 1: Distinguish between right and left hands
I started guessing riddles. Today, the teacher brought a riddle to everyone, and wanted to test everyone: "A small tree has five branches, the leaves don't grow, they don't bloom, they can count, they can write and draw, they work every day, and they can't talk." The child answers and leads to the answer: hand. Teacher: Everyone has two hands, one is the left hand and the other is the right hand, so can you tell your left hand from your right hand? Children can communicate.
Do you know which left hand is which right hand? Let me test you and see if you can do as I say.
1, the teacher gives an instruction, and the child raises his hand and makes an action at the corresponding position according to the instruction.
For example, please raise your right hand and wave it, give a thumbs-up and make scissors; Please raise your left hand, clench your fist and blink; (The teacher sees if the child is right and corrects individual mistakes.)
Then our two hands do more things for us with their left or right hands. Please tell the children what your right hand can do. Can you tell us how to do it?
3. Game: I'll do it if you say so.
Please tie a blue and green belt on your hand before the game.
-When the teacher gives instructions, children will raise their left hand or right hand (for example, ask children with blue ribbon in their right hand to raise their hands, and children with green ribbon in their left hand to raise their hands)
The design intention of the first link: the children in the big class have a certain understanding of the left and right, but they really don't know much about it, so I start with the left and right hands in the first link, because the children know that the right hand will help us do many things, such as writing, drawing, holding chopsticks, lifting things and so on. And they will have a better grasp of the concept of left and right hands, paving the way for the next link to understand the left and right parts of the body.
Link 2: Distinguish between left and right feet
1, just now we know the left hand and the right hand, so the teacher wants to test you. Besides your left hand and right hand, what other parts of your body can be divided into left and right? (ears, eyes, feet, legs, shoulders,)
2. The teacher gives instructions, and the child listens to the instructions to complete the corresponding actions.
Please lift your left foot, please lift your right foot; (The teacher looks at whether the child is raising a team and corrects individual mistakes.) After several times, the difficulty can be improved and the child is required to do the opposite of the instruction; (I said left foot, you lift your right foot)
Design intention: stimulate children's interest in learning through the game and perceive the left and right spatial orientation in the game;
Link 3 Left and Right Perception
1. Children communicate what is on their left and right.
2. What will the child say about his profile after changing his orientation?
3. Game: Little Bear moves: Complete the children's book 12 pages, and let the children help Little Bear stick some furniture in the corresponding position!
Design intention: to stimulate children's interest in communicating with their peers, and accurately tell the "left and right" orientation of objects, so as to better master the knowledge they have learned.
Lecture notes on mathematics in large classes 3 I. Talking about teaching materials;
The composition of 6 is based on the composition of less than 5. I use the different characteristics of six flowers to divide them into two parts, on the one hand, to cultivate children's observation and judgment ability, on the other hand, to sum up the five points of six. At this stage, children initially experience the process of abstracting numbers from objects, because the cognitive, operational and logical thinking abilities of large class children are constantly improving; At the same time, they are not only satisfied with what the teacher said, but also often ask questions such as "what is this", "why" and "how to do it". They are more willing to prove it through their own abilities, so they are more interested in operation. Teaching the operation of pictures with the help of children lays a foundation for children to understand the use of mathematics and experience the fun of mathematics learning.
Second, say the goal.
Combined with the age characteristics of children in large classes and some requirements of math activities, I set the following goals:
1. Flowers can be classified according to their different characteristics, such as meridians, petals, colors, sizes and leaves. Be careful to put the whole flower together every time.
2. Explore the law of composition under the guidance of the teacher and know that there are five divisions of 6. Sorting by numbers when writing can reduce the omission of division.
3. Interested in mathematical activities and willing to explore the laws of numbers.
Third, talk about the difficulties in teaching.
Key point: Know the five differences of 6.
Difficulty: classify flowers according to their different characteristics in the operation process, knowing that they should be combined and divided every time.
Fourth, the teaching process
First, classify the flowers
To understand the different characteristics of six kinds of flowers in children's observation. According to the two characteristics of each part, six kinds of flowers are classified. When dividing, the teacher should make it clear that the six flowers are divided according to two characteristics, and then combined and divided. In the process of operation, I asked the children to record the results on paper, so that the children's operations could be summarized and analyzed. You can also verify the correctness of your operation process through your own recording paper in communication.
Convert two flowers into points
The process of transforming divided flowers into points is an auxiliary means to summarize physical objects into numbers, from physical objects to corresponding points and finally to numbers. This way of thinking makes it easier for children to understand how the on-off formula of 6 evolved.
Third, list the combination formulas with numbers.
Children refer to numbers that are relatively simple. The whole process is getting deeper and deeper, and children's interests are adjusted accordingly. Under the guidance of the teacher, they easily summed up the division and combination of 6.
Fourthly, summarize the laws in the combination formula.
Children learn from the division of 2 to the division of 6, but only a few children can perceive the law of existence. In order to make it easier for children to write the on-off formula, the teacher asked them to observe the laws between numbers and guide them to say that the arrangement of numbers is 12345, 5432 1, and the sum of the positions of the left and right digits of the on-off formula remains unchanged. Through observation, children's interest in exploring the law between numbers is improved.
Five games
The game is to consolidate this activity in a relaxed way. The teacher hid six flowers, and several children said the specific number of hidden flowers according to the number of flowers displayed. This is a mathematical reasoning that calculates another score by knowing the total and the score. Children are happy in the game, and their interest in mathematics is stimulated.
Lecture notes on mathematics in large classes 4 I. Speaking of teaching materials:
Conservation includes quantity conservation, length conservation, liquid volume conservation, material conservation, area conservation, mass conservation, volume conservation and so on. All kinds of substances in children's living environment have the characteristics of certain quantity, certain shape, certain size and length. The concept of conservation plays an important role in mathematical activities because it affects the learning of other related concepts. The development of conservation concept is helpful for children to use logical thinking in mathematics and natural science. I designed this activity to let children feel the conservation of quantity further. The concretization of cognitive activities and beneficial behavior of large class children have developed obviously, and they can think in images. The generality of cognitive activities enhances children's understanding of things, but it is still superficial and superficial.
In this activity, the number conservation is based on the number conservation within 10, aiming to let children learn the number conservation happily in the game, and through their own operations, initially perceive the number phenomenon that the position of objects changes but the total number remains unchanged. Let children understand the conservation of numbers by watching, speaking, playing and swinging, and let children have a preliminary concept of the conservation of numbers. Conservation of quantity means that the number of objects does not change with the change of external characteristics and arrangement forms of objects, and the number of objects has nothing to do with the size, color, shape and arrangement density of objects.
Second, say the activity goal:
It is proposed in the outline that the educational content of kindergartens should promote the development of children's emotions, attitudes, abilities, knowledge and skills from different angles. According to the spirit of the outline and the actual situation of the children in this class, I have set the following goals:
1. The number of objects within 10 can be accurately perceived regardless of their size, color, type and arrangement shape.
2. Two or more groups of objects will be judged by visual inspection, counting and group number.
3. I know you are in a hurry to draw a conclusion.
Third, it is important and difficult to say that activities are:
The focus of this activity is to correctly perceive the number of objects within 10, regardless of the size, color, type and arrangement shape of the objects. The difficulty is that two or more groups of objects can be judged by visual inspection, number of points and number of groups.
Fourth, say activity preparation:
Activity preparation serves specific activity goals, and children develop through interaction with environment and materials. Therefore, activity preparation must adapt to the objectives, abilities, interests and needs of participants. To this end, I have prepared a wealth of activity materials, as follows:
1. Five purple and five blue papers each.
2. Two groups of flowers with different colors and sizes, 7 in each group.
3. Two groups of 9 handmade snowflakes with different colors, sizes and shapes.
4. One manual operation box for children, *** 16 copies (4 sets of cards within 10, and one copy of rings, building blocks, snowflakes and other materials of different colors and sizes).
Five, said the teaching strategy:
1, teaching methods: In this activity, I adopted teaching methods such as discovery, comparison, observation, discussion, operation and questioning method according to the children's learning situation. Find a way. Piaget believes that teaching is not only to impart knowledge, but also to stimulate children's mental development. According to the characteristics of large-class children's strong curiosity, thirst for knowledge and certain knowledge and experience, this activity guides children to explore in taking a look, comparing and playing, so as to correctly perceive the conservation of numbers within 10 and experience the fun of discovery. Operation method. Under the condition that the number of perceived objects is not affected by color, size and arrangement, children are guided to learn knowledge step by step by operation, and each activity provides corresponding and suitable materials, which are discovered and consolidated in purposeful exploration.
2. Learning method: According to the activity design, I adopted the method of inquiry learning. In the different process of observing objects, children experience the fun of inquiry through visual observation, counting and grouping, and cultivate their initial spirit and attitude of scientific inquiry. Sharing learning method. In the process of group work, the encouragement of peer role subtly promotes the development of children, and will certainly bring them enthusiasm and confidence in learning.
Six, said the activity process:
The outline proposes to create a relaxed environment so that every child can participate in practical exploration activities and feel the joy of exploration and discovery. To this end, I designed four links in this activity:
Link 1: Experience the conservation of numbers through points.
Leading method is mainly used, and the learning methods adopted by children are hands-on operation and comparison. Let the children count and compare (show two different colored papers). The colors of colored paper are different, but the quantity is the same.
Link 2: Experience digital conservation through visual inspection.
The design of this link mainly adopts intuitive teaching method, and the learning method adopted by children is observation and comparison. Let children perceive different colors and sizes in the process of visual inspection and counting, but their numbers are the same.
Link 3: Experience digital conservation through visual inspection and counting.
This link mainly adopts intuitive teaching method, and children's learning method is observation and comparison. (Through two groups of hand-made snowflakes with different sizes, colors and shapes and different arrangement orders) Guide children to perceive different colors, sizes, shapes and arrangement forms in the process of counting, visual inspection and comparison, but their numbers are the same.
Step 4: Through children's operation, once again perceive the conservation of the number of objects in 10.
Finally, the children competed and played in the operation game, which ended the activity.
Seven, teaching evaluation theory:
In this activity, we pay attention to the interaction between teachers and children, exchange and feedback everyone's knowledge and experience. In this process, formative evaluation is initially formed and teaching objectives are realized. The whole activity is mainly handmade paper, which runs through the whole activity. In activities, children understand the conservation of quantity by comparing and understanding the color, size, placement and appearance characteristics. In the implementation process of each link, teachers timely affirm children's performance in activities, forming a phased evaluation. After each link, the teacher summarizes the activities in time to form a summative evaluation.
This activity comes from children's life, solves practical problems in life, is of interest to children, and meets their age characteristics and actual needs. The activity was carried out in a relaxed and pleasant game from beginning to end, which fully reflected the playfulness of the activity and the educational and teaching concept of "entertaining through education". In the activity, the teacher is not simply teaching, but mainly enlightening and guiding, guiding children to actively explore and think, seeking answers, and mobilizing their enthusiasm for exploration and learning. Pay attention to hands-on operation, fully mobilize all kinds of senses, and achieve the purpose of activities. During the activity, the materials are fully prepared, one for each person to ensure that everyone can operate. Through this series of activities, the concept of being crude has entered the children's brains vividly and achieved good teaching results.
Hello, everyone, the content of today's class is the math activity "odd and even" in the big class.
Say textbook:
1, content analysis of teaching materials: Mathematics itself is logical, and it is easy to be boring in teaching, which directly affects children's autonomy and enthusiasm in learning. The mathematical concepts of singular and even numbers are abstract to children. How to integrate boring math activities into children's lives and stimulate children's interest in math activities? The Outline of Early Childhood Education points out: "Feel the quantitative relationship of things from life and games, and realize the importance and interest of mathematics." According to these and the age characteristics of the children in this class, I mainly let the children discover by themselves through hands-on operation and games, learn from the discovery, master the parity and understand the meaning of the parity. According to the content of the textbook and the actual situation of the children in this class, the objectives of this activity are formulated as follows:
(1), distinguish odd numbers and even numbers within 10 through children's hands-on operation and games.
(2) Stimulate children's interest in participating in mathematics activities, and cultivate children's ability of positive thinking, unity and cooperation.
2. Teaching emphases and difficulties:
The main purpose of this kind of teaching is to let children distinguish between odd and even numbers within 10. According to the situation of children in our class, I think the difficulty should be that children understand the meaning of even and odd numbers.
The methods used to break through the difficulties are mainly through children's hands-on operation and comparison to draw conclusions.
3. Activity preparation:
(1), some gobang, 1- 10 digital card, even-odd Chinese character card.
(2) There are several magnetic plates for small animals.
Oral English teaching methods and learning methods
In order to help children master the teaching key points and break through the teaching difficulties, children are always the main body in the activities. According to the intuitive visualization and intuitive principle of children's cognitive process, children are mainly guided to find the difference between single and double numbers by combining hands-on operation with listening and speaking, so as to understand the meaning of single and double numbers and correctly distinguish the single and double numbers within 10. Follow the principle of activity in activities, and comprehensively use the methods of discovery and game to promote children's active learning through operational activities and verbal activities; Follow the principle of enthusiasm and use a variety of activity materials to stimulate children's interest in learning.
Say activity process
First, import
Children, there are three guests in our classroom today. Guess who they are? Little pig, click the mouse and three little pigs fly in. These three little pigs are very busy today. Do you want to know what they are doing? Now the teacher will show the children what they are doing.
Second, watch the animation and answer the questions.
Do you know what the three little pigs are doing after watching the cartoon? (Divide the fruits) According to what? What is singular? What is an even number? The teacher guides the children to answer!
Third, explore odd and even numbers.
(1) Divide the corresponding items one by one according to the way that pigs divide fruits in cartoons. (No.1- 10)
(3) The teacher counts the results on the blackboard to make the children understand that 1, 3,5,7,9 is singular. Numbers 2, 4, 6, 8, 10 are even numbers. And let children feel that singular and even numbers can be changed. Adding a number to an even number will make it singular, and adding a number to an odd number will make it even.
Fourth, save the pigs.
Mother pig called and said that three little pigs were put into the wolf castle by wolves. There is a big river to wolfsburg. We can only reach the Wolf Castle by stepping on strange stones, or mother pig will fall into the river! Mother pig didn't know what kind of stone to step on, so she asked our children to help.
5. Find physical odd and even numbers.
Odd and even numbers are hidden everywhere around us, even on us. Think with your clever little head and tell everyone what you have found. Talk about the use of odd and even numbers, odd and even numbers in life.
Operation of intransitive verbs
Mother pig arrived at Wolf Castle, but the gate of Wolf Castle could not be opened without a password. Distribute homework papers and let the children color according to the requirements of odd and even numbers. If the painting is right, the door of Wolf Castle will open automatically, and the three little pigs will be saved!