At present, too many people on the Internet do not have a correct understanding and objective evaluation of Hawking, so I hope this answer will give you a little in-depth understanding of this wheelchair scientist.
Stephen william hawking, British physicist, member of the Royal Society, Lucas Professor of Mathematics, Cambridge University. This is the chair held by Niu Dun, the god of classical mechanics, and Dirac, the god of quantum mechanics. In the early days, this chair was mainly held by mathematics professionals, but since the 20th century, it has been held by all physics professionals. This may be because modern physics relies more and more on mathematics, which leads to physics being too good at mathematics. I ... guess ... so you can already imagine how good Hawking's math is!
Thermodynamics without Temperature —— The Second Law of Black Hole Thermodynamics Hawking has made great achievements in the study of black holes all his life. He can casually name a string of black hole theories related to him, but these theories are almost not original by himself, and almost all of them are stolen from others ... Cut off Hu Xiaoneng's hand!
In the 1970s, the study of black holes was extremely hot, and a strange subject-black hole thermodynamics appeared. Hawking is one of the researchers. 197 1 year published the theorem that the area of a black hole does not decrease, pointing out that the area of a black hole will only increase when anything falls into it. Jacob Beckenstein, a graduate student of john wheeler who named the black hole and one of the founders of black hole thermodynamics, pointed out that the surface area of this black hole only increases, just as the entropy in the second law of thermodynamics only increases. Hawking said that you "don't talk nonsense, black holes have no thermal radiation, how can they have entropy!" " "Beckenstein blushed and his neck was thick, but he couldn't refute it." I don't think black holes have thermal radiation ... "
The brain hole is not enough, and the mathematics comes together-Hawking radiated Hawking to make others angry, but he soon repented. The story begins with Yakov Zeldovich, a nuclear physicist in the former Soviet Union. You may not have heard of this name, but you must have heard of a series of theories put forward by him, such as the supermassive black hole in the center of the galaxy, the X-ray source in the galaxy comes from the black hole or neutron star attractor, and primordial black hole often mentioned in Hawking's book.
In the year when the irreducible principle of area was put forward, Zeldovich opened his mind again, thinking that the quantum effect around the black hole's horizon would make the spinning black hole radiate gravitational waves, neutrinos and electromagnetic waves, which would lead to the decrease of the spin speed and eventually stop. Because of his poor level of relativity (slag is relative ...), Kip Thorne, a good friend and authority on relativity, was invited to help him calculate. Is this name familiar to fried chicken? He is one of the founders of LIGO, the winner of the 20 17 Nobel Prize in Physics, and the scientific consultant of Interstellar Science and Technology. Who knows that Thorne, like his good friend Hawking, has a bad temper and says to Zeldovich, "Nonsense, how can a black hole radiate particles?" He also made a bet. Results After two years of struggle, Jazeldovich could not give proof of calculation, and finally gave this research direction to his graduate students.
Two years later, Thorne accompanied his friend Hawking to visit the former Soviet Union again. Zeldovich's graduate students introduced Hawking to his and his teacher's research on the radiation of spinning black holes. At this time, they have been trying to combine general relativity with quantum mechanics and made progress. Who knows that Hawking, who has no martial arts, got rid of the black hole radiation in only half a year. "Mathematics is too good to blame me" ... He proved that not only rotating black holes can produce radiation, but all black holes can produce radiation by using the quantum field theory of curved space-time combined with general relativity and quantum mechanics. Finally, the black hole radiation theory became Hawking theory-Hawking radiation. The meat Zeldovich ate in his mouth was taken away by Hawking, and Thorne felt guilty for it all his life. ...
After proving Hawking radiation, the conservation of black hole information solved the problem of thermal radiation in black hole thermodynamics, and black hole thermodynamics was established! However, a new problem has emerged. According to 1970 Hawking's three hairs theorem of black holes (hairless theorem of black holes) proved by others, the original information of black holes will all disappear after smoking substances, leaving only three basic physical quantities: mass, charge and angular momentum. But now black holes will disappear by radiation evaporation. Where did the original data go? If the original information disappears, it violates the basic law of quantum mechanics: the conservation of information.
Hawking himself proved that Hawking radiation does not carry any information, so he thinks that the information of black holes is not conserved, but scientists who study quantum mechanics are not happy. Among them, John Preskill, director of the Institute of Quantum Information and Matter of California Institute of Technology, expressed strong protest and resolute opposition. You must have never heard of the name Preskill, but you must have heard of a concept put forward by this great god-quantum hegemony! So, his colleague and Hawking's good friend, science gambler Thorne, came out again. He bet with Hawking that the information of black holes is not conserved.
As a result, within a few years, Thorne was sold by his good friend Hawking, and he would lose every bet. Seven years later, in 2004, he announced that he and Thorne had lost the election at an international conference on relativity, and made a report on the spot to announce his proof. Thorne said, "I didn't lose. Why do you represent me?" ..... Preskill also looked puzzled: "What? What did he say? I don't understand, I won? "
These great gods of physics are not idle, but when they meet Hawking who is so good at math that he has no friends (roger penrose threw a tomato at Bian Xiao), they are all abused and have no temper. Do you still think Hawking is just a hyped popular science writer?