Teaching time: Teaching class:
Lecturer: Class type:
Teaching objectives
1 Understand the function of reading classics and asking questions, explore the relationship between independent thinking and innovation, and establish scientific learning methods. Learn to question and ask valuable questions, and learn the basic methods of analyzing problems.
Understand the argumentation methods of argumentative writing, and correctly use metaphor argumentation, contrast argumentation, fact argumentation and introduction argumentation.
Teaching focus
1 Understand the function of reading classics and asking questions, explore the relationship between independent thinking and innovation, and establish scientific learning methods. Learn to question and ask valuable questions, and learn the basic methods of analyzing problems.
Understand the argumentation methods of argumentative writing, and correctly use metaphor argumentation, contrast argumentation, fact argumentation and introduction argumentation.
Teaching difficulties
1 Understand the function of reading classics and asking questions, explore the relationship between independent thinking and innovation, and establish scientific learning methods. 2. Understand the argumentation method of argumentation, and correctly use metaphor argumentation, contrast argumentation, fact argumentation and introduction argumentation.
Discussion teaching method
Multimedia of teaching media
Teaching time is 2 hours.
Teaching reflection
Pre-class test
1 Pinyin or the added word.
Proverb () The container is hot () Doubt is idle () ...
Eddy current () perseveres, stone can be carved () gloomy clouds and gloomy fog ... True knowledge is drawn step by step, and a hundred schools of thought are connected () wonderful.
Two explanatory words
1. Hungry for knowledge 2. Fantasy 3. Insight.
④ Extensive reading ⑤ Step by step ⑤ Bring forth the new.
7 ignore it; 8 asking questions; Pet-name ruby become magical.
Attending perseverance, stone can be carved.
A dull person
This article is taken from Ji 'an, Jiangxi, a scientist.
The word "new" is the main title of this article, and "On independent thinking" is.
This article is a short essay, and the central argument of the text is.
The article consists of introduction and four parts. The titles of these four parts are respectively
① ②
③ ④
Many examples are quoted in the article, please fill in according to the content.
Quoting German proverbs,
Its function is.
(2) citing the example of Descartes in France is an argument.
(3) Citing the examples of Wang Chong and Einstein in Han Dynasty and Lu Xun's famous sayings to discuss its important role.
(4) It is an explanation to quote The Necessity of Choice by former US Secretary of State Henry Kissinger;
Quote Wang Anshi's ""explanation;
Quote the words of Chen Xianzhang and Zheng Banqiao in Qing Dynasty.
Reading should be good at asking questions, "think deeply and ask questions", and put forward specific methods to think well and say hello;
Quoting Lv Zuqian's method of reading history in Song Dynasty, this paper explains the methods that should be adopted to treat different disciplines.
⑤ Quote the Hidden Book written by Tang Zhen in the early Qing Dynasty;
Citing the examples of ehrlich and Curie is an example;
"No matter how ambitious, it is condensed on God" —— Selected from God.
"Perseverance,"-selected from "",which means.
The example of Fleming, an Englishman, is an example.
6 thinking:
Many examples are cited in this paper, and the author makes a clear analysis. What effect will reasoning have if only examples are given without analysis?
teaching process
first kind
I. Organizing teaching
Second, the introduction of new courses.
Third, check the preview.
Fourth, the writer's works
Wang Zikun, a famous mathematician, educator and popular science writer in China, was the president of Beijing Normal University. Ji' an, Jiangxi,
Born in Lingling, Hunan. Professor, doctoral supervisor. Academician of China Academy of Sciences. 198 1 served as the first batch of doctoral supervisors, the editorial board of China Science, Science Bulletin, Journal of Mathematical Physics and the editor-in-chief of Journal of Mathematical Education. Wang Zikun has made great contributions to China's science and education, and is one of the pioneers and main leaders of probability theory research in China.
1984 65438+February, he first proposed "respecting teachers and attaching importance to education" through Beijing Evening News and Beijing Daily, and suggested that the whole country.
Establish teacher's day.
He has won eight awards such as the National Natural Science Award and the Science and Technology Progress Award of the State Education Commission, and was awarded the title of "Zhongqing" by the Ministry of Personnel 1984.
In 2000, he was awarded the title of "Expert with Outstanding Contributions" and 1990 was awarded the title of "Excellent Popular Science Writer" by the Chinese Popular Science Writers Association.
V. Learning new lessons
(A) understand the background
This article is a conversational style. The article consists of introduction and four parts. The article begins by saying, "Historically,
Some major mistakes are the product of the combination of these two tendencies. "This sentence is meaningful. In history (especially in modern history), social tragedies caused by worship, conformity and thinking without one's own head have happened again and again, and the lessons are too profound. This is one of the reasons why the author wants to write this article.
(B) browse the text, clarify the author's ideas
1 Read the text quickly and think: What is the main content of the article?
How many layers did the author demonstrate to prove his point?
Discuss and clarify: The article analyzes these four aspects one by one.
The first part talks about the role of independent thinking spirit in learning and research from Descartes' success.
The second part talks about the important role of reading accumulation.
The third part talks about "being good at asking questions" and questioning.
The fourth part emphasizes practice and puts forward that we should pay attention to hard study and thinking methods.
3 Analyze the text, and at the same time contact the role of the cited cases detected before class.
Lead: Good at independent thinking.
The significance of independent thinking: it can avoid thoughtlessness and being deceived; Independent thinking is the premise of innovation.
The significance of independent thinking: gain insights on the basis of learning from the masses, surpassing predecessors and investigating and studying.
Topic: How to cultivate the ability of independent thinking?
(A) more expensive than suspicious
An example of Descartes' success
Descartes' "Four Thinking Principles";
(1) be cautious and avoid rash prejudice; ② Try to divide the problems; ③ Step by step; ④ Extensive observation.
(B) focus on accumulation
Explain the importance of "accumulation" with the words and deeds of Wang Chong, Einstein, Lu Xun and others;
Erudition can make comparison and discovery;
Only when you have knowledge can you have thorough and profound insights;
Only with profound knowledge can you have a wide range of interests.
(3) Be diligent in thinking
Thinking content: ask the reason, ask the method and ask the truth.
Thinking principle: think deeply, ask more questions and combine knowledge.
Thinking method: give examples of reading questioning methods.
(D) the courage to practice
Persist in studying hard: be curious.
Study hard and pay attention to thinking methods;
Learn from society and nature through observation and experiment.
(3) Organize discussion and pay attention to the following questions:
1 What conditions does the author think are needed to cultivate the ability to think independently?
Why is the title of the article "More importantly, a new word", but the article does not specifically talk about "innovation"?
(4) Text summary:
Sixth, the class summary
Seven. Classroom integration
Eight, homework
Second lesson
First, check the import.
Second, the new lesson learning
Third, class discussion.
(1) Continue to explore:
1 Is his exposition useful for social science research? Can you find some examples?
Why does the author think the quality of independent thinking is so important?
What does the method he introduced inspire us in our study?
(2) Further discussion combined with the text "Problem Discussion".
More than two thousand years ago, Confucius noticed the relationship between "learning" and "thinking", and neither "learning without thinking" nor "thinking without learning" could succeed. What problems are raised in this paper around the basic principles and methods of independent thinking, and how are these problems analyzed? Why does the author think the quality of independent thinking is so important? What conditions does the author think are needed to cultivate the ability of independent thinking? What enlightenment does the method he introduced have on our study?
There are many examples and analyses in the article, which are clear, simple and approachable. Please think about it. What is the difference in the effect of reasoning if only examples are given without analysis?
Fourth, class summary.
Verb (abbreviation of verb) classroom integration
Sixth, expand and extend.
With the deepening of the discussion, students can be guided to pay attention to the cultural and educational background of China.
Combined with this background, the discussion of this topic may have depth and breadth.
For example, China noticed the relationship between "learning" and "thinking" in ancient times ("learning without thinking is useless, thinking without learning is dangerous"), but
Is there an independent thinking of "not only superiority, not only respect, but only truth"?
Does China's traditional culture advocate independent thinking?
Why didn't China society make a valuable contribution to humanity in the past 500 years? Why not?
Now a world-class scientist?
Does China's lagging economic development have anything to do with education?
What's wrong with China people's educational concept?
Why is the proportion of arts and sciences in higher education in China contrary to that in developed countries?
Why is it that only China in the world has the saying that "learning mathematics and physics well is not afraid to travel all over the world"? Wait, these are all fine.
Explore the background.
In this context, we will find valuable problems, think positively and form our own opinions.
Seven. distribute
Teaching integration
1 Pinyin the following words.
For example, () indiscretion () hesitation () doubt () enthusiasm () ...
Mulberry () eddy current () reveals () insight () dullness () ...
Explain the following additional words.
Insight () Outstanding () Great insight () Nothing () Skimming () Innovation () Out of the box () Watching the fire () Spare time () Step by step () Mastery ()
Second, the understanding of the following sentences, the incorrect one is
A "I think, therefore I am"-this is Descartes' famous saying. He doubts everything, even now he doubts himself, so
He said, "I think the old' I' still exists."
B "Eye-washing with colchicine never deceives the ancients"-Ming Che's eye-washing with colchicine is naturally bright.
Brilliant, metaphorically speaking, reading more books and thinking more make people wise, insightful and thoughtful, and their ability to distinguish is higher.
It is not easy to be deceived.
C "Learning without thinking is useless, thinking without learning is dangerous"-reading without thinking is useless, just dreaming.
If you don't study, you will be mentally exhausted. This old adage profoundly expounds that learning and thinking complement each other and are indispensable.
It's nothing.
To maintain "the mind" is also a spiritual thing; If you don't use it, it will last forever. If you use it in moderation, it will be successful. If you use it widely, it will be a great success. " -This?
This sentence means that people's thinking ability is mainly formed and developed in the practice of using their brains. Just as physical exercise can enhance
People's physical qualities are the same, and diligent use of the brain can make the brain more and more developed and the thinking ability stronger and stronger. Accept a career
The results will get bigger and bigger.
3 fill in the blanks
Swimming can learn to swim, and thinking can learn to think. This sentence was adopted.
Model law.
The fourth section of the introduction adopts a new demonstration method.
(3) Lu Xun said: "I have finished my homework and have leisure. I can read all kinds of books, even if it has nothing to do with my career. " The method of demonstration was used.
④ The central argument of this paper is. Then use "in history"
Taking many contributing figures as examples, this paper points out their independent thinking ability, analyzes the reasons for their independent thinking ability, and expounds the qualities that innovators must possess:,,,. Many examples are cited in this paper, and the author makes a clear analysis. What effect will reasoning have if only examples are given without analysis?
Like what?
Development after class