Junior high school mathematics handwritten newspaper materials: mathematics in life
Learning mathematics should be used in real life. Mathematics is used by people to solve practical problems. In fact, there will be math problems in life. For example, when you go shopping, you will naturally use addition and subtraction, and you always have to draw pictures when you build a house. There are countless problems like this, and this knowledge comes from life and is finally summed up as mathematical knowledge, which solves more practical problems.
I once saw a report that a professor asked a group of foreign students, "How many times will the minute hand and the hour hand overlap between 12 and 1?" Those students all took off their watches from their wrists and began to set hands; When the professor tells the same question to the students in China, the students will use mathematical formulas to make calculations. The commentary said that it can be seen that China students' mathematical knowledge is transferred from books to their brains, so they can't use it flexibly. They seldom think of learning and mastering mathematics knowledge in real life.
From then on, I began to consciously connect mathematics with daily life. Once, my mother baked a cake, and two cakes could be put in the pot. I thought, isn't this a math problem? It takes two minutes to bake a cake, one minute in front and one minute in the back. At most, two cakes are put in the pot at the same time. How many minutes does it take to bake three cakes at most? I thought about it and came to the conclusion that it takes 3 minutes: first, put the first cake and the second cake into the pot at the same time, 1 minute later, take out the second cake, put the third cake and turn the first cake over; Bake again 1 min, so that the first cake is ready. Take it out. Then put the reverse side of the second cake on it, and turn the third cake upside down at the same time, so it will be all done in 3 minutes.
I told my mother about this idea, and she said, actually, it won't be so coincidental. There must be an error, but the algorithm is correct. It seems that we must apply what we have learned in order to make mathematics serve our lives better.
Mathematics should be studied in life. Some people say that the knowledge in books has little to do with reality now. This shows that their knowledge transfer ability has not been fully exercised. It is precisely because learning cannot be well understood and applied in daily life that many people do not attach importance to mathematics. I hope that students can learn mathematics in their lives and use mathematics in their lives. Mathematics is inseparable from life. If they study thoroughly, they will naturally find that mathematics is actually very useful.
Junior high school mathematics handwritten newspaper materials: the theoretical object of mathematics
origin
Mathematics (hanyu pinyin: shùXué；; Greek: μ α θ η μ α κ; English: Mathematics comes from the ancient Greek word μ θ η μ α (má th?ma), which means learning, learning and science. Ancient Greek scholars regarded it as the starting point of philosophy and the "foundation of learning". In addition, there is a narrow and technical meaning-"mathematical research". Even in its etymology, its adjective meaning related to learning will be used to refer to mathematics.
Its plural form in English and as the plural form of mathématiques in French +es can be traced back to the Latin neutral plural (Mathematica), which is Cicero's plural from Greek τ α α θ ι α τ κ? (Tamatika)
In ancient China, mathematics was called arithmetic, also called arithmetic, and finally it was changed to mathematics. Arithmetic in ancient China was one of the six arts (called "number" in the six arts).
Mathematics originated from the early production activities of human beings, and the ancient Babylonians had accumulated some mathematical knowledge, which could be applied to practical problems. Judging from mathematics itself, their mathematical knowledge is only obtained through observation and experience, and there is no comprehensive conclusion and proof. But we should also fully affirm their contribution to mathematics.
Theoretical object
The knowledge and application of basic mathematics is an indispensable part of individual and group life. The refinement of its basic concepts can be found in ancient mathematical documents of ancient Egypt, Mesopotamia and ancient India. Since then, its development has continued to make small progress. But algebra and geometry at that time were still independent for a long time.
Algebra can be said to be the most widely accepted "mathematics". It can be said that the first mathematics he came into contact with was algebra since everyone began to learn to count when he was a child. Mathematics is a subject that studies numbers, and algebra is also one of the most important parts of mathematics. Geometry is the earliest branch of mathematics studied by people.
It was not until the Renaissance of16th century that Descartes founded analytic geometry, which linked algebra and geometry which were completely separated at that time. From then on, we can finally prove the theorem of geometry through calculation; At the same time, abstract algebraic equations can also be graphically represented. Then more subtle calculus was developed.
At present, mathematics has included many branches. French Bourbaki School, founded in 1930s, thinks that mathematics, at least pure mathematics, is a theory to study abstract structures. Structure is a deductive system based on initial concepts and axioms. They think that mathematics has three basic parent structures: algebraic structure (group, ring, field, lattice …), ordered structure (partial order, total order …) and topological structure (neighborhood, limit, connectivity, dimension …).