chemistry
Chemical reference answers and grading standards
One or two questions
Title 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
Answer D B A C D C A B D
The title is1012131415161718.
Answer a BD C B AC BD B CD
Three. (* * * 34 points)
19.(*** 12 points)
(1) Distilled in a separatory funnel and beaker (each 1 min) (2 points) Filtered while it is hot (2 points)
(2) Cold water E (2 points each)
(3)K+, Mg2+, Cl- and SO42-(* * 2 points)
20. (2 points for each blank, *** 10)
(1) absorbs SO3 magenta solution (or acidic KMnO4, bromine water, etc. ) and absorb tail gas to avoid pollution.
(2)B D
(3)(304b/80a)× 100%
2 1. (except ② and ③ in (4), each score is 1, and the others are 2, *** 12).
(1)KMnO4 solution (purplish red) faded.
(2) Decompression filtration (or suction filtration), the working principle is that when tap water is turned on, the air in the device is taken away with the tap water, which leads to the reduction of the pressure in the device, which accelerates the filtration speed and obtains dry solid substances.
(3) take filtrate c and add nitric acid and silver nitrate solution. If white precipitate is observed, it can be proved that the matchhead contains chlorine.
(4) With the increase of temperature, the chemical reaction speed increases ② and ③.
Four. (* * * 33 points)
22.( 14 points)
(1)B will not introduce new impurity ions (***3 points)
(2) ZnO 22-+2co2+2h2o = Zn (OH) 2 ↓+2hco3-(2 points)
(3)① Carbon dioxide ④ (***3 points)
(4)baso 4(s)+4C(s)= BaS(s)+4CO(g)△H =+57 1.2 kJ？ Mol- 1 (2 points)
(5) S2-+H2O HS-+OH- (2 points)
(6) If the acidity is too strong, mixing with BaS solution may produce H2S gas pollution, reducing the output of lithopone (2 points).
23.(***9 points)
(1) Ca2++2hco3-= CaCO3 ↓+H2O+CO2 = (2 points)
Mg2++2HCO3-= Mg (OH) 2↓+CO2 = (2 points)
(or Mg2++2hco3-= mgco3 ↓+H2O+CO2 = mgco3+H2O = mg (oh) 2+CO2 =)
(2)O2+H2O+4e- = 4OH-(2 points)
(3) When caso 4 Ca2++ SO42- is added to saturated Na2CO3 solution, CO32- combines with Ca2+to form CaCO3, which is more difficult to dissolve, and makes the above equilibrium move in the positive direction. After repeated many times, calcium sulfate was completely converted into calcium carbonate. (3 points)
24.( 10)
(1)① c(CO)c(H2)/c(H2O) increased (3 points)
② b and c (2 points)
②③0. 16mol？ (L？ Min)-1(2 points)
② Suction (1 min)
③ b=2a, a > 1 (or using a suitable catalyst) (2 points).
Five.
25. (2 points for each blank, *** 10)
( 1)BCD (2)CD
(3)2CH3CH2OH + O2 → 2CH3CHO + H2O]
(4)C57H98O6
(5)CH2=CH2 + Br2 → CH2BrCH2Br
Six.
26. (* *10 point)
Elimination reaction (1)
(2), CH3CHO, (1 point per grid, ***3 points)
(3)CH3COOCH2CH3、CH3CH2COOCH3、CH3CH2CH2COOH 、( CH3)2CHCOOH
(Two of them, ***2 points)
(4)CH3CH(OH)CH(OH)CH3+2c 6h 5 cooh→CH3CH(oocc 6h 5)CH(oocc 6h 5)CH3+2H2O
(2 points)
(5) (2 points)
27. (* *10 point)
(1) nitrogen > oxygen > chlorine > sulfur (2 points)
(2) Hydrogen bonds are formed between 2)HF molecules (1).
(3) Cu+2h+H2O2 = Cu2+2h2o (2 points) [ar] 3d104s1(kloc-0/min) 4( 1 min).
(4)SP3( 1)2( 1)CO( 1)
Volume one multiple-choice question (***63 points)
First, multiple-choice questions (this question contains 9 small questions, each with 3 points and ***27 points. There is only one option for each small question.
1. Nosella, an American chemist, developed a catalyst which can decompose water into hydrogen and oxygen, which will produce a large amount of hydrogen.
In order to make it possible and make the use of solar energy enter a new era, people call it "hydropower technology". The following statement is correct.
A. The function of this catalyst is to decompose water into hydrogen and oxygen, and at the same time release energy and convert it into electric energy.
B the energy conversion form of "hydropower technology" is: chemical energy → thermal energy → electric energy.
C. If H2 and O2 generated by water decomposition are respectively connected to the two poles of the fuel cell, the electrode of H2 is connected to the positive pole of the power supply.
D "Hydroelectric Power Generation Technology" can realize zero emission when generating electricity.
2. Chemistry is closely related to science and technology, life and environment. The following statement is correct.
A. Optical cables are widely used in information industry, and the main material for manufacturing optical cables is simple silicon.
B ferrous sulfate and chlorine are often added to the water treatment of waterworks, which can achieve disinfection and sterilization and remove suspended impurities in water.
function
In order to prevent heavy metals in batteries from polluting soil and water, waste batteries should be buried deeply.
The complete combustion of cotton, hemp, silk, wool and synthetic fiber only produces carbon dioxide and H2O.
The following description goes against the chemical principle.
A.F2 is more nonmetallic than Cl2, indicating that it is acidic: HF > HCl.
B, SO2 is introduced into acidic potassium permanganate solution, and the solution fades, indicating that SO2 is reducible.
C. When the acidic potassium permanganate solution is mixed with a sufficient amount of oxalic acid solution, it begins to fade slowly, but it accelerates after a period of time, indicating that some products of this reaction may be the catalyst of this reaction.
D. adding KI solution to AgCl precipitate will turn yellow, which indicates that KSP (AgCl) > KSP (Agi) at the same temperature.
4. Referring to the schematic diagram of reaction energy Br+H2 HBr +H on the reaction process, the following statement about the above positive reaction is correct.
A. reaction heat: process ⅰ > process ⅱ.
B. reaction rate: process II = process i.
C. this reaction is endothermic.
D. catalyst is used in process i.
5. The following experimental operations are completely correct.
Number verification operation
Sodium reacts with water. Take out metallic sodium from kerosene with tweezers, cut off sodium the size of mung beans, and carefully put it into a beaker filled with water.
B. Prepare a potassium chloride solution with a certain concentration (1000 mL), accurately weigh the solid of potassium chloride, put it in a volumetric flask (1000 mL), add water to dissolve, shake well and fix the volume.
C, taking out the upper liquid and the lower liquid needed in the separating funnel, discharging them from the nozzle at the lower end of the separating funnel, closing the piston, replacing the receiving container, and continuously discharging the upper liquid from the nozzle at the lower end of the separating funnel.
D. Eliminate bubbles at the tip of the basic burette, bend the hose to make the glass tip incline upwards, hold the hose with two fingers, and gently squeeze the glass beads to make the solution flow out from the tip.
X Y
Z W
6. The right table is a part of the periodic table of elements. X, Y, Z and W are all short-period elements, and the sum of the proton numbers of X and W is 23.
The following statement is correct.
A. the oxides of element x are all acidic oxides.
The nonmetal of element B. W is weaker than that of element z.
Inorganic nonmetallic materials formed by C, Z and X have the characteristics of high melting point and high hardness.
Hydride of D. Y reacts with hydride of X, and the product only contains valence bond.
According to the latest report, scientists have found the following reactions: they are called ions.
The compound with Pt +5 is correct for this reaction.
A. In this reaction, every time 1mol is generated, the electrons of 1mol are transferred.
B. in this reaction, it is an oxidant and a reducing agent.
The valence of oxygen element C is+1.
D. The number ratio of cation to anion is 1:2.
8. Redox reaction includes two processes: oxidation and reduction. The following is the reaction formula of the reduction process:
NO3-+4H++3e-→NO+2H2O
What is wrong in the following statement is
A. Among KMnO4, Na2CO3, Cu2O and Fe2(SO4)3, only Cu2O can produce the above reaction.
B in the reaction with the above reduction process, nitric acid only shows oxidation.
C. If 0.2 mol of NO is generated in the above reduction process, the amount of the substance that transfers electrons is 0.6 mol.
D the concentration of nitric acid should not be too high to avoid the reduction process.
9. Rare earth element Ce mainly exists in monazite, and Ce is one of its stable nuclides. Ordinary transformation of cerium
The valence is +3 and +4, and the oxidizability is Ce4+> Fe3+> Ce3+. The following statement is incorrect.
A, electrolytically melting cerium oxide to prepare cerium, and obtaining cerium at the cathode.
B, titrate ferrous sulfate solution with Ce(SO4)2 solution, and the ionic equation is: Ce4++Fe2+ = Ce3++Fe3+.
The difference between neutron number and proton number.
D.ce and 136La are called isotopes.
Second, multiple-choice questions (this question contains 9 small questions, each with 4 points and ***36 points. Each question has one or two options that match the meaning of the question. If the correct answer contains only one option, when multiple choices are made, the small question is 0; If the correct answer contains two options, only one correct answer will be given 2 points, and two correct answers will be given full marks, but as long as there is one mistake, the small question will be given 0 points)
10. The ocean is rich in food, minerals, energy, medicines and aquatic products (as shown in the figure below).
The following statement is correct.
A. A large amount of nitrogen and phosphorus wastewater is discharged into the ocean, which is easy to cause red tide.
B. Process ②MgCl2? Anhydrous magnesium chloride was prepared by heating and dehydration in 6H2O air.
C, the bromine in the process ③ ④ ⑤ is oxidized.
D, ① The impurities such as SO4 2-, Ca2+, Mg2+ and Fe3+ in the raw salt are removed in the process, and the dosing sequence is as follows:
Na2CO3 solution →NaOH solution →BaCl2 solution → filter and add hydrochloric acid.
1 1. To prove that (NH4)2Fe(SO4)2? 6H2O (ammonium ferrous sulfate crystal) contains NH4+, Fe2+, SO42- and H2O. The following experimental description is incorrect.
A. put a small amount of ammonium ferrous sulfate crystal into a test tube and heat it. When the test tube mouth produces liquid, it can be proved that the crystal contains crystal water.
B, dissolving ammonium ferrous sulfate crystal in water to obtain a light green solution, dropping a few drops of newly prepared chlorine water, and then dropping 2 drops of KSCN solution,
When the solution turns red, it can be proved that the crystal composition only contains Fe2+
C. Ammonium ferrous sulfate crystal is dissolved in water, and a small amount of dilute hydrochloric acid is added, and there is no phenomenon. Then drop a few drops of BaCl2 solution to produce a white precipitate, which can prove that the composition of the crystal contains SO42-
D, putting a small amount of ammonium ferrous sulfate crystal into a test tube, adding a small amount of dilute NaOH solution, and testing with wet red litmus paper at the mouth of the test tube to prove that the crystal contains NH4+.
12. Red phosphorus P(s) reacts with Cl2(g) to produce PCl3(g) and PCl5(g). The relationship between reaction process and energy is as follows.
As shown in the right figure (in the figure, △H represents the data that generates the product of 1mol). The following statement is wrong.
A. The thermochemical equation of phosphorus trichloride generated by the reaction of red phosphorus and chlorine is:
p(s)+Cl2(g)= PC L3(g)△h 1 =-306 kj/mol
B. The enthalpy change of 1mol PCl5 generated by two-step reaction of red phosphorus and chlorine gas is the same as that of 1mol PCl5 generated by one-step reaction of red phosphorus and chlorine gas.
The decomposition percentage of C PCl5 (g) pcl3 (g)+Cl2 (g) and PCl5 increases with the increase of temperature or pressure.
D if white phosphorus is used instead of red phosphorus, more energy will be released when equivalent PCl5(g) is produced.
13. The following descriptions of experimental operations or experimental facts are correct.
① Benzene and toluene can be distinguished by acidic potassium permanganate solution.
(2) If the skin is accidentally stained with phenol, it should be washed with alcohol immediately.
③ The pH of chlorine water was measured to be 2 by pH test paper.
(4) Wash the test tube that has done the silver mirror reaction experiment with dilute nitric acid.
⑤ A small amount of sodium, potassium and white phosphorus are usually stored in kerosene.
⑥ Melt the solid mixture of Fe(CrO2)2 and Na2CO3 in a porcelain crucible at high temperature.
A.①③⑤ B.①②④ C.②④⑤ D.②⑤⑥
14. The concentration relationship of each particle in the following solution is incorrect.
A. in 0. 1 mol/l (NH4)2SO4 solution:
B. in the solution of NaF and ch3cooh with known acidic HF > ch3cooh and equal pH,
[c(Na+)-c(F-)]>[c(K+)-c(ch 3c oo-)]
C.0.2mo 1？ Na2CO3 solution of L- 1: C (OH-) = C (HCO3-)+C (H+)+C (H2CO3).
D.0.2 mo 1？ L- 1 HCl and 0. 1 mo 1? Equal volume mixing of L- 1 NaAlO2 solution;
c(Cl—)& gt； c(Na+)& gt； c(Al3+)& gt； c(H+)& gt； C (OH-)
15. At a certain temperature, Cl2 is slowly introduced into water. When the introduced Cl2 volume is V 1, it reaches saturation and C (H+) in the solution.
Replace it with curve a in the figure below. As we all know, the solubility of Cl2 decreases rapidly with the increase of temperature, which is correct in the following statement.
A. Dilute saturated chlorine water with water, and the change of C (H+) in the solution is shown in curve B..
B. Put the saturated chlorine water in a bright place, and the change of C (H+) in the solution is as curve C..
C, NaOH is added into the saturated chlorine water to make the pH > 7, and the obtained solution has the following relationship:
c(Na+)+c(H+)= c(Cl-)+c(OH-)+c(ClO-)
D, NaOH is added into the saturated chlorine water to make the pH = 7, and the obtained solution has the following relationship:
C (sodium ion) > c(ClO-)>c (chloride ion) > c (perchloric acid)
16. Lithium batteries use metal lithium and graphite as electrode materials, and the electrolyte is formed by dissolving lithium aluminum tetrachloride (LiAlCl4) in thionyl chloride (SOCl2). The total reaction equation of the following batteries is: 8Li+3SOCl2 = 6LiCl+Li2SO3+2S, which is correct.
A. The electrolyte solution mixed with water has no effect on the battery reaction.
B, lithium metal is used as the negative electrode of the battery and graphite is used as the positive electrode of the battery.
C During the operation of the battery, thionyl chloride (SOCl2) was reduced to Li2SO4.
D. 1.6g S will be precipitated in the battery when 2.24LCl2 (standard state) is obtained by electrolyzing saturated salt solution with this battery.
17. There are two solutions, A and B, and each solution contains seven of the following 14 ions:,,,
、 、 、 、 、 、 、 、 。 Ions contained in both solutions are known.
There are only two cations in solution A, so the anion in solution B should be
A.、b .、、
C.、d、
18. Known: 2m (g) n (g); △H