Interesting inspirational story of mathematics 1 Gauss When he was in elementary school, once after the teacher taught addition, because the teacher wanted to have a rest, he came up with a topic for students to calculate. The theme is:
1+2+3+ .....+97+98+99+ 100 = ?
The teacher is thinking, now friends have to take classes! I used this as an excuse to go out, but Gauss stopped me! ! It turns out that Gauss has worked it out. Little friend, do you know how he did it?
Gauss told everyone how he worked it out: add 1 to 100, and add 100 to 1, adding two lines, that is:
1+2+3+4+ .....+96+97+98+99+ 100
100+99+98+97+96+ .....+4+3+2+ 1
= 10 1+ 10 1+ 10 1+ .....+ 10 1+ 10 1+ 10 1+ 10 1
* * * There are one hundred sums 10 1, but the formula is repeated twice, so the answer is equal to < 5050 & gt.
Since then, the learning process of Gauss Elementary School has already surpassed other students, which laid the foundation for his future mathematics and made him a mathematical genius! small
Arabic numerals 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 0 are internationally used numbers. This figure was not created by Arabs, but it can't erase the credit of Arabs. Arabic numerals originated from Indians and were gradually created by their ancestors in production practice.
In the 3rd century BC, a complete set of numbers appeared in India, but there were different writing styles in different places, among which Brahmanism was the typical one. Its uniqueness lies in that each number has a special symbol from 1 ~ 9, from which modern numbers are born. At that time, "0" had not appeared. It was not until the Gupta era (300-500 years) that there was a "0". This produces a complete set of figures. This is the great contribution of the ancient Indian people to world culture.
Indian figures first spread to Sri Lanka, Myanmar, Cambodia and other countries. In the 7th and 8th centuries, with the rise of the Arab Empire across Asia, Africa and Europe, Arabs eagerly absorbed the advanced cultures of ancient Greece, Rome, India and other countries and translated a large number of their scientific works. In 77 1 year, Indian astronomer and traveler Maoka visited Baghdad, the capital of the Abbasid Dynasty of the Arab Empire (750- 1258), and presented an Indian astronomical work Sidan Tower to the then caliph Mansour (757-775), who translated it into Arabic and named it Sindh. There are many numbers in this book, so it is called "Indian Numbers", which means "from India".
Arabian mathematicians Hua Lazimi (about 780-850) and Haibosh first accepted Indian numerals and used them in astronomical tables. They gave up their 28 letters, revised and perfected them in practice, and introduced them to the west without reservation. At the beginning of the 9th century, Hua Lazimi published "India Counting Algorithm", and expounded Indian numbers and their application methods.
Indian numerals replaced the long and clumsy Roman numerals, which spread in Europe and were opposed by some Christians, but proved to be better than Roman numerals in practice. 1202 The Calculation Book published by Leonardo in Italy marked the beginning of the use of Indian numerals in Europe. Chapter *** 15 of the book says: "The nine numbers in India are' 9, 8, 7, 6, 5, 4, 3, 2, 1', and any number can be represented by these nine numbers and the symbol' 0' called sifr (zero) by Arabs."
/kloc-In the 4th century, printing in China spread to Europe, which accelerated the popularization and application of Indian numerals in Europe and was gradually adopted by Europeans.
Three people stay in a hotel, each person per day 10 yuan. Everyone paid 10 yuan and gave it to the boss, 30 yuan. Later, the boss gave them a discount of 5 yuan and asked the waiter to return it to them. As a result, the waiter embezzled 2 yuan, and each of the remaining 3 yuan returned 1 yuan, which means that each person spent 9 yuan's money. Three people spent a total of * * * 27 yuan, plus 2 yuan, a corrupt waiter, spent a total of * * * 29 yuan. Where did the dollar go?
Divide apples
There are five students in Xiaomi's family Xiaomi's father wants to entertain six children with apples, but there are only five apples at home. What shall we do? I have to cut the apple, but I can't cut it into pieces. Xiaomi's father wants each apple to be cut into three pieces at most. This has become another topic: divide five apples equally among six children, and each apple is not allowed to be cut into more than three pieces.
How did Xiaomi's father do it?
Mathematics interesting inspirational story 4 During the Spring Festival, Xiao Mahu, a professional chicken farmer, stood in the yard, counted the total number of chickens and decided to stay. 1/2, for the People's Liberation Army 1/4 in solatium, and for the nursing home 1/3. After he sent the chickens away, he heard the chickens crowing in the room, only to know that there were 10 chickens missing. So I counted the chickens inside and outside the room again, and there was nothing wrong, no more, no less, just 1/2 left. Little careless and strange. What's the problem? Do you know how many chickens Xiao Mahu counted in the yard?
How many guests came one day and Xiao Lin was washing dishes at home. Xiao Qiang saw it and asked, "Why do you wash so many bowls?" "
We have guests at home. ""How many people came? " Kobayashi said, "I don't know. I only know that each of them uses a rice bowl, two people share a soup bowl, three people share a vegetable bowl, four people share a big wine bowl, and one * * * uses 15 bowl. "Do you know how many guests are here?
The answer to the question how many pairs of socks can be paired is not two. And not just in my house. Why is this happening? That's because I can guarantee that if I take out two socks, black and blue, from the drawer on a dark winter morning, they may never be a pair. Although I am not very lucky, if I take out three socks from the drawer, I will definitely have a pair of socks of the same color. Whether the socks are black or blue, there will be a pair of the same color in the end. In this way, with the help of one more sock, the mathematical rules can overcome Murphy's law. From the above situation, it can be concluded that the answer to "how many socks can make a pair" is three.
Of course, this is only true if the socks are two colors. If there are blue, black and white socks in the drawer, take out a pair of socks with the same color, at least four pairs. If there are 10 pairs of socks with different colors in the drawer, you must take out 1 1 pairs of socks. According to the above situation, the mathematical rule is: If you have n kinds of socks, you must take out N+ 1 to ensure that you have an identical one in Shuang Yi.
Suppose you are attending a wedding of 50 people, someone may ask, "I wonder what is the probability that two people here are in the same Amanome?" The same here refers to the same Amanome, for example, on May 5th, but it doesn't mean that the birth time is exactly the same. "
Perhaps most people think that this probability is very small, and they may try to calculate it, guessing that this probability may be one in seven. However, the correct answer is that there are about two guests whose birthdays are on the same day attending the wedding. If the birthdays of this group of people are evenly distributed at any time in the calendar, the probability that two people have the same birthday is 97%. In other words, you have to attend 30 parties of this size to find a party without the same birthday.
One of the reasons why people are surprised is that they are puzzled by the probability that two specific people have the same birth time and any two people have the same birthday. The probability that two specific people are born at the same time is one in 365. The key to answer this question is the size of the group. As the number of people increases, the probability that two people will be in the same Amanome will be higher. Therefore, in a group of 10 people, the probability of two people in the same Amanome is about 12%. In a gathering of 50 people, the probability is about 97%. However, only when the number rises to 366 (one of whom may have been born on February 29th) can you be sure that the two people in this group must be the same Amanome.
Actually, math is very interesting. Everyone must be happy to learn math!
Mathematics interesting inspirational short story 7 encirclement and suppression of rabbit village
The one-eyed wolf king rescued the lame fox from the elephant's nose.
The lame fox wiped his tears and said, "If Brother Wolf hadn't come to save me, I would have been shattered!" " "
The one-eyed wolf king patted the fox on the shoulder and said, "There are few resourceful animals like Brother Fox in the world. We will cooperate in the future, I am brave, you have a plan, and the world is invincible! Haha. "
The lame fox said, "Let's eat something first. It is very important to fill your stomach. "
"Yes!" The one-eyed wolf king said, "There is a rabbit village in the east of the forest, where there are 5 families with 15 rabbits."
Hearing so many rabbits, the lame fox's eyes lit up and asked, "So there are three rabbits in every family?"
The one-eyed wolf king shook his head and said, "No, no". The number of rabbits in each family is different. I don't know how many rabbits there are in each family. "
"You can work it out!" The lame fox seems to have a plan. He cleared his throat and said, "I use trial algorithm to calculate. This is the great method of mathematics, extremely mysterious! " "The lame fox said a few words, the one-eyed Wolf king said dizzy.
The lame fox said, "Because every family has rabbits, and the number of rabbits in each family is different, it can be assumed that the number of rabbits in these five families is 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 respectively. 1+2+3+4+5 = 15, just right, which means I'm right. "
"Brilliant, brilliant, men are really brilliant!" The one-eyed wolf king admired him deeply. The Wolf King said, "Let's go to the house of five rabbits!" " "
"No, no, no," said the lame fox with a murderous look on his face. "Let's have a big raid on the rabbit village, 15. Kill all the rabbits!" Can't eat, also don't let them live in the world! "
"Yes, cut all kill off! I'll take you to Rabbit Village! " The one-eyed wolf king led the lame fox straight to the rabbit village. Rabbit village is so quiet that there is not even a rabbit.
"Huh?" The lame fox felt a little sad.
The one-eyed wolf king casually said, "rabbits are taking a nap." Do it! " "
The lame fox rolled his eyes and said, "Tell you what. You broke into the house to catch rabbits. My legs and feet are inconvenient, so I'm waiting outside to catch the escaped rabbit. How about it? "
"Just do it. I take the lead! " The one-eyed wolf king rushed to the rabbit's house like a gust of wind. He flew up, kicked the door and rushed into the room with a "ouch". Then I heard the one-eyed Wolf King shouting "Help!" In the room.
The lame fox asked, "Brother, what's the matter?"
The one-eyed wolf king said, "There is a clip in the room that caught my neck." Dude, help! "
"You wait, I'll get a pair of pliers." The lame fox turned and left, saying, "I saved you? I'm getting caught. Who can help me? Goodbye! "
Mathematical interesting and inspirational story 8 Meteorologist Lorenz put forward a paper, the topic is whether a butterfly flapping its wings in Tasmania will cause a tornado. This paper discusses that if the initial condition of a system is a little worse, its result will be very unstable. He called this phenomenon "the butterfly effect". Just like we throw the dice twice, no matter how deliberately we throw them, the two things are the same. Why did Lorenz write this paper? This story happened in the winter of 196 1 2008. He operated the meteorological computer in the office as usual.
Usually, he only needs to input meteorological data such as temperature, humidity and air pressure, and the computer will calculate the possible meteorological data at the next moment according to the built-in three differential equations, thus simulating the meteorological change map. On this day, Lorenz wanted to know more about the subsequent changes of a record. He re-entered the meteorological data at a certain moment into the computer, so that the computer could calculate more subsequent results. At that time, the speed of computer processing data was not fast enough, so he had time to have a cup of coffee and chat with his friends for a while before the results came out. An hour later, the results came out, but he was dumbfounded. Compared with the original information, the original data is similar, and the later data is more different, just like two different pieces of information. The problem is not the computer, but the data he entered is 0.0005438+027. These subtle differences make a world of difference. So it is impossible to accurately predict the weather for a long time.
A young man came to see Mr. Liu and introduced himself: "My name is Yu Jiang, and I came to Hong Kong with a delegation this time. I heard that your hotel has a comfortable environment and good service. We want to stay in your hotel. "
Mr. Liu quickly said enthusiastically, "Welcome, welcome. I wonder how many people are there in your group? "
"People, well, it's a big group."
Mr. Liu was overjoyed: it's great to have big groups and enterprises.
As a tour guide, Yu Jiang saw Mr. Liu's mind. He said slowly, "Sir, if you can count the number of people in our group, we will stay in your hotel."
"Please go ahead." Mr Liu said confidently.
"If I divide my group into four groups, one more person, and then divide each group into four, there will be one more person, and then four groups will be divided into four, there will be one more person, including me, of course. How many people are there at least? "
"How much is a * *?" Mr. Liu immediately thought of it. He must take over the business. "Without specific figures, how to start?" He was a shrewd businessman and quickly replied, "At least 85 people?"
Mr. Yu Jiang said happily, "Exactly, it's eighty-five. Please tell me about your algorithm. "
"The least number of people is the last quartile, and each is one person. It can be inferred that 1×4+ 1=5 (person) precedes the third quartile, and 5×4+ 1=2 1 (person) precedes the second quartile and the first quartile.
"Well, we'll stay with you today."
"How many men and women do you have?"
"There are 55 men and 30 women."
"We only have rooms for 1 1, rooms for 7 people and 5 people. How do you want to live? "
"Of course, sir, you have arranged it, but men and women must be separated and there can be no empty beds."
One more question. Mr. Liu has never met such a guest, so he has to spend more time.
After thinking hard, he finally came up with the best plan: 1 1 two people, seven people in four rooms, five people in one room; One female room 1 1 person, seven people in two rooms, five people in one room, and one room * * *1/.
After seeing his arrangement, Mr. Yu Jiang was very satisfied and immediately went through the accommodation formalities.
Made a big deal. Although it is a bit complicated, Mr. Liu is still very happy in his heart.
Math interesting inspirational story 10 coin toss is a common method in decision-making. People think this method is fair to both sides. Because they think that the probability of coins falling backwards is the same as that of coins falling backwards, both of which are 50%. Interestingly, this very popular idea is not correct.
First of all, although it is unlikely that a coin will stand on the ground when it falls, this possibility exists. Secondly, even if this small possibility is ruled out, the test results show that if you flick the coin with your thumb in a conventional way, the probability that the coin will still be up when it hits the ground is about 5 1%.
The reason why this happens is that when you flick it with your thumb, sometimes the coin will not turn over, but will only rise like a trembling flying saucer and then fall. If the next time you want to choose which side of the coin in the coin toss's hand is facing up, you should look at which side is facing up first, so you have a greater chance of guessing correctly. But if that person is holding coins and turning his fists one by one, then you should choose the opposite from the beginning.
A. Is the teacher qualification examination the same all over the country?
Yes, the teacher qualification examination is unified