Tao Te Ching, also known as the True Classic of Morality, Five Thousand Words of Laozi, and Five Thousand Articles of Laozi, was a work of China before the separation of the pre-Qin philosophers in ancient times, and was highly praised by the philosophers at that time. Legend was written by Lao Zi Li Er in the Spring and Autumn Period (it seems to be a collection of authors, annotators and scribes), and it is an important source of Taoist philosophy. Tao Te Ching is divided into two parts. The first part of the original work is the Tao Te Ching, and the second part is the Tao Te Ching, which is divided into 8 1 chapters. This is the first complete philosophical work in the history of China.

Tao Te Ching [1], also known as Laozi.

Biography of Lao Fei in Historical Records: Laozi [2], surnamed Li, named Er. Born in February1year BC, birthday: February 15th, Chen Geng, Shi Mao. Joy chen? Qurenli, Li Xiang Township, Guxian County, is now located in Taiqing Palace Town. The Tao Te Ching has five thousand words and eighty-one chapters. He lived a long life by practicing monasticism, and probably lived 160 years old. Or over 200 years old. Confucius, a contemporary of Confucius (55 1-479), was in his twenties. 535 BC? At 527? 5 15? 50 1 year? In 486, Confucius asked Laozi several times, saying that Laozi was still a dragon.

Laozi, the greatest thinker and philosopher in ancient China. Li Minger, whose real name is Bai Yang, is also known as Lao Dan. After a lot of expert research and archaeological excavations, it is finally confirmed that the hometown of Laozi, an ancient thinker in China, is located in Taiqing Palace, Luyi County, Henan Province. The specific names in historical materials are also quite incomplete. "Guan Ling Yin Xi said that his son would be hidden and would write a book for me. Therefore, Laozi wrote a book and talked about the morality of more than 5,000 words. " Lao Zi Zhang Ju, a Han book, has 8 1 chapter. The first 37 chapters are "Tao Jing" and the last 44 chapters are "The Classic of Morality", so it is called "Tao Te Ching", which highly praises classical Chinese.

Chu Zhushu Dou Zhongliang's Lao Zi Dao De Jing

The original version we can see now is Laozi, and 1993 bamboo slips unearthed from Guodian Chu Tomb in Jingmen, Hubei Province. This bamboo slip "Laozi Tao Te Ching" is the most primitive and simple version.

1973 Laozi, a silk book unearthed from No.3 Han Tomb in Mawangdui, Changsha, is a version of the early Western Han Dynasty. The Classic of Virtue was placed before the Classic of Taoism, which was also valued by scholars.

Tao Te Ching is often classified as Taoism. In fact, the philosophical Tao and the religious Tao cannot be confused. However, Tao Te Ching, as an important part of the basic teachings of Taoism, is regarded as an important classic by Taoism, and its author Lao Zi is also regarded by Taoism as one of the supreme gods of Sanqing, also known as the incarnation of Taishang Laojun. Therefore, it should be said that Taoism has absorbed Taoist thought, and Taoist thought has perfected Taoism. At the same time, the philosophy mentioned above cannot cover the whole picture of the Tao Te Ching (self-cultivation, saving the world, governing the country and being born).

Tao Te Ching put forward the idea of "governing by doing nothing", which became the governing strategy of some dynasties in China history, such as the early years of the Western Han Dynasty. It can relieve people's pressure economically and play a certain role in China's early stability. The Tao Te Ching has been annotated by many people in history, and even several emperors have annotated it. Laozi statue

In the twenty-first year of Zhenguan in the Tang Dynasty (647), Tao Te Ching was translated into Sanskrit and introduced to East Tianzhu. In the 23rd year of Tang Kaiyuan (735), Emperor Xuanzong of Tang Dynasty personally wrote Laozi. The famous Japanese emissary invited the old Amethyst and the "Buddha statue" of Laozi to return to China, which had an impact on the development of Japanese society.

Taoism is considered as one of the major classics (there are three wonderful books in Taoism, namely, The Tao Te Ching, South China Zhen Jing and The Book of Changes).

Tao Te Ching was written by Lao Zi (Li Yong), a Tibetan official of Zhou Shouzang in the late Spring and Autumn Period. Gao Han induced Lao Zi to travel to the West, and Han Gu Guan Yin invited him to write the supreme sutra of 5,000 words, that is, this book.

Tao Te Ching was originally the representative work of Taoism in the pre-Qin period. At the end of the Han Dynasty, Zhang Ling founded the Five Mi Dou Way, taking Laozi as the ancestor and respecting Laozi as the monarch. He founded Taoism with Laozi's Five Thousand Articles as the canon, taught those who felt sorry for Taoism, and annotated Laozi's Thought to explain Laozi's Five Thousand Articles from a religious perspective. Since then, it has become the basic classic of Taoism.

Tao Te Ching is a philosophical poem. Zhuangzi Tian Xia Pian contains its purpose: take it as essence, take things as coarseness, take product as emptiness, and live alone in Shenfu. ..... nothing to build, the ether of the Lord, with humility as the table, and the immortality of everything in the air as the truth. Generally speaking, he took "Tao" as the origin of the universe and the highest principle of the universe, and as the ultimate, he invented self-cultivation to govern politics and others. As the saying goes, "man is everywhere, the earth follows the sky, the sky follows the Tao, and the Tao follows the nature", so human beings should learn from the earth and study the origin and essence of the Tao. The principle of Tao has two sides: nothing and two sides. Tao is often absent, nameless and intangible, and it is the beginning of all things in heaven and earth before the ghosts and gods in heaven and earth. The Tao is always there, giving birth to everything in the world and using it endlessly. The principle of Tao runs through all things, which is manifested as the fundamental law of the relative existence of all things, and the extremes of things will eventually return. And useful, often based on nothing, "out of nothing." The sage's body has no way, and the way is naturally inaction, so as to cultivate one's morality, be quiet without desire, be careless and empty, be unconscious, be conceited and not stick to it, succeed without being born, be kind and thrifty, practice and go to China, so as to rule the world, and achieve "teaching without doing anything, without words", return the sword, leave the war, not Shang Xian and not expensive. "Those who oppose the Tao are used by the weak", and those who know the truth are conservative and humble, frustrated and resolved, mutually assured destruction, and the weak prevail over the strong. Taoist views on knowing and doing, politics and ethics are generally divorced from the old system. If the Confucian classics say "to be empty, to be quiet, to believe", "to be spiritual, to be gentle" and "to be metaphysical", that is the foundation of various Taoist practices, such as gathering the mind, forgetting to sit, being convinced, and inner alchemy. Taoism is cited as the origin of immortal life theory, such as "immortality" and "death without death" in the theory of "returning to the original" and "resurrection". Inner alchemy has played a philosophical foundation for the inner alchemy to be refined into truth and integrated with Taoism. Laojunyan in Qingyuan Mountain, Quanzhou

Tao Te Ching, a magical book known as the king of all classics, has had a far-reaching impact on China's ancient philosophy, science, politics and religion, and played an inestimable role in shaping the Chinese nation's character and political unity and stability. Its world significance is becoming more and more obvious, and more and more western scholars spare no effort to explore the mysteries of science, seek the source of human civilization and study the details of ancient wisdom.

There are many editions of Tao Te Ching, and the following edition of Tao Te Ching (Wang Bi Ben) is the most common. In addition, the bamboo slips Lao Zi unearthed in Guodian and the silk book Lao Zi (A and B) unearthed in Mawangdui Han Tomb show the different styles of the early Tao Te Ching, which are highly valued by most scholars today, with bamboo slips Lao Zi and Guben School as reference.