"Parrots can talk without leaving birds, and orangutans can talk without leaving animals." (Li: Qu Li) "Some wise and loving plans tell us that all living things belong to an eternal creator." (Kelvin) "It's amazing that the creator endowed animals with the ability to do their jobs well." (Libiger) "Who gives the stork wisdom and the rooster wisdom?" Animals are always a mystery to us! Many people, even many scientists, think that animals are smart, and many phenomena seem to support this view. When small ants collect grains in the barn, they will bite off the germ on each grain. They seem to understand that seeds with germs will germinate and grow in wet holes, so their grain reserves will be abandoned. This is like the old farmer cutting off the reed head (the sprouting part) in order to prevent the radish from sprouting. This is really a clever means! They also "talk" with their tentacles, telling their companions where there is food, and asking them to tell everyone to move quickly, so the brigade went out until the food was moved out. The puppy knows his master's intention very well. When the host gives him a piece of cake to eat, he will shake his head and wag his tail to thank him. Two puppies play with each other, not much different from children. When the cuttlefish (cuttlefish) in the sea meets a strong enemy, it will immediately spit out a mass of black water, just like a smoke bomb on the battlefield, it will lose the enemy's eyes and escape by itself. That's clever. Insects in lower animals also seem to have "six towers on the chest". When you pick up a fly and slap it, it will hide in a corner and won't be found by you. When you put down the racket, it will come out again to look for food. Mosquitoes go into the house at night to hide. When you sleep in the dark, they will come out and bite you. When you turn on the light, they lurk again. Many beetles will "pretend to be dead". When you touch it, it will curl up. If you are in the grass, you can hardly find it. When it is calm, it will move again. Caterpillars and caterpillars that gnaw at vegetable leaves will curl up as soon as they touch them gently, and automatically roll under the vegetable tree like a small wheel to avoid your sight. These little things are fighting with people. Of course, people think that monkeys, horses and elephants are smarter than other animals. After artificial training, they can make many amazing "achievements". Have you ever heard of "Lingmatong people"? At the beginning of this century, German von Oston had a horse, which was said to be able to read and do arithmetic. The owner also gave it a "name" and named it "clever Hans". Hans can step on the ground with his hoof and answer the questions put to him. For example, stepping once is "yes" and stepping twice is "no". Someone asked, "Hans, what is 9 times 2 minus 1?" After a while, Hansma stepped on the ground with her right front hoof, * * * five times, and it got the correct answer. Ask again: "Is Moscow the capital of Russia?" It has taken two steps, indicating that it has not (not yet). "is it St. Petersburg?" It takes a step and means "yes". The audience present, including scientists, shouted in surprise: What a clever horse! Hong Kong's "Shen Bao" once had a striking title: "Let orangutans talk to humans through computers". Some researchers in California say that with the help of computers, orangutans can understand how to talk to humans. They trained Isaac, a two-and-a-half-year-old orangutan, and taught them to check the intelligence of orangutans by computer. After several months of training, "Isaac's computer program allows him to display some signs on the screen, and he has learned the images of' eating',' drinking' and' dirty'." In this way, the ape almost became a human. According to the American Science News, Donald Blau, a psychologist at Brown University, taught pigeons to learn one letter at a time by displaying two letters together on the screen of a home computer. Every time the pigeon pecks the button with the correct letter, it will get a little food reward. After four months of training, the pigeon has learned to distinguish all 26 letters. After reading these examples, people will inevitably have questions. Are there any essential differences between humans and animals? Are all animals other than people rational? Because you admit that they are intelligent, and you also admit that they are rational. If you admit that they are rational, there is no fundamental difference between humans and animals, but only a difference in degree. The theory that human beings evolved from animals is well founded. Don't be afraid! Please don't be confused by the phenomenon first. Before answering this question, we'd better quote two scientific reports to understand the truth. Time magazine once published an article entitled "Do orangutans have the ability to use language? The article said that psychologists at the University of Nevada taught chimpanzees to use the 132 gesture in the late 1960s. At the same time, Premac of the University of California replaced words with symbols of different shapes and colors, which made an orangutan learn about 130 words. Lang Bo of Georgia State University used a new grammar invented by himself to make two orangutans "talk" to each other. Patterson, a psychologist at Stanford University, said that she had successfully taught an orangutan to know more than 400 gestures. According to her, orangutans have entered a higher language level. The article goes on to say: "In the 1970s, although a few experts expressed doubts, these statements were generally accepted. Now, many scientists begin to suspect that most of the actions of these animals are just imitating the actions of their teachers, and they don't understand syntax. In short, skeptics have raised the possibility that these orangutans are fooling their human teachers. " The article quotes a psychologist, Tres, who trained a baby orangutan in gesture language for 44 months. He learned to make a "dirty" gesture when he wanted to use the urinal and a "drink" gesture when he saw the thermos. However, it cannot develop in a complicated way. 88% of its' speeches' only answer some specific questions raised by teachers. "Tres continued his research and found that they rarely have any" spontaneous "language, but at first glance, they seem to be sentences made by themselves, just answers to questions, imitating gestures made by teachers, or memorizing some word combinations. Linguist Sibeyak and his wife and ethnologist Umik also made the same serious criticism. " They believe that most of the situations in which orangutans are considered to have the ability to speak can be explained by the' clever Hans effect'. The clever Hans effect was named after a horse in a German circus at the beginning of this century. This horse once stunned the audience because it used its hooves to step out the correct answers to complex arithmetic exercises and oral questions. In fact, a French psychologist found that the clever Hans got some hints from the people who asked him questions-the change of facial expression, the way he breathed and even the size of his eyes and pupils. These tips tell it when to step on it and how many times it should step on it. The legend that orangutans can talk may be partly due to the subjective wishes of researchers. Mr. and Mrs. Sibik said: The real breakthrough in the dialogue between humans and apes is completely fantasy. Premac also agrees that animals can't speak spontaneously. Mr. and Mrs. Lang Bo said that their recent experiments showed that the trainers may consciously or unconsciously give hints to the subjects. About revealing the secret of "clever Hans", an article in Reader's Digest in the United States, "Wrong scientific judgment is unbelievable, metaphysics is mysterious", said in more detail: "The Prussian Academy of Sciences sent a committee headed by Faust to investigate this matter. The more Faust noticed this question, the slower Hans answered, and Hans could not answer the questions that Von Oston could not answer. After blindfolding the horse, it couldn't answer, so the truth came out. It turned out that when someone asked Hans a question, Von Oston was nervous and afraid of stepping on his horseshoe the wrong time. When Hans stepped on the right number of times, Von Oston breathed a sigh of relief unconsciously and unobvious. Others can't see it, but Hans can feel it and use it as a signal to stop stepping on the ground. The result was correct, and the prize was a piece of candy. In fact, Hans can't do arithmetic, but he is extremely sensitive to silent hints. " Everyone knows that some animals have the ability to imitate. Since ancient times, people have seen talented people such as parrots and myna "talk"; Larks can imitate the sounds of 100 other birds and beasts, so they got this reputation. If you train on the basis of this ability, you can raise the skills of animals to a very subtle level. Even a clumsy pig can be trained as an "acrobat" and can perform such actions as dancing, diving, pulling a cart, opening the door and so on. (See the March issue of Hong Kong Ming Pao (1983). St. bernards are world famous. They were trained by Benedictine monks at the top of the Alps to find and rescue travelers trapped in snow caves. As for police dogs in the army, animals are trained in circuses, and cobras are trained by Indians, all of which are well known. But as the aforementioned scientists pointed out, all animals, no matter what clever actions they make, are instinctive or imitative. Their "language" and their "intelligent actions" are not spontaneous, that is, animals themselves are irrational. This truth was made clear by our ancestors two thousand years ago. "Book of Rites, Eastern Zhou Quli" says: "Parrots can talk, but not leave birds; Orangutans can talk and stay with animals. " It means: they are not really talking, and their voices are as meaningless as other animals. The "wisdom" of animals, like some involuntary "thoughts" of the most sophisticated modern machine computers, are all unconscious actions. Can you say that computers are rational? Real language comes from reason. Animals without real language prove that they are irrational. If animals are rational, wouldn't it be easier if orangutans don't use gestures and horses step on the ground, and they use different sounds to express the information of their minds? ! People don't need to train hard. They should have shown their language signals thousands of years ago. China has had the illusion of "animal language" since ancient times. It is said that Gongye Chang, a disciple of Confucius, can speak birds. Perhaps scientists don't believe that a "clever crow" may throw a stone into half a bottle of water that it can't drink, fill it up and drink it. The irrationality of animals can also be proved by their intelligence, rather than the overall wisdom. Orangutans don't build simple nests for birds with branches, and horses don't cry for the death of their companions. Bees are very clever architects and mathematicians, but when they run away from other people's rooms by mistake, they hit the window, and they can't get out or leave to find another way out. If it had a mind, it wouldn't die like this, and it wouldn't look back. In addition, it is irrational for animals to always rest on their laurels and not make progress. However, it is quite right to say that animals are smart. But isn't it contradictory that intelligent animals are irrational? This drives us to speculate that there must be a creator with infinite wisdom and omnipotence outside them, which endows these irrational animals with the instinct of "intelligence", and this will make everything prosperous. God made animals "the Eight Immortals crossed the ocean to show their abilities" and "to show God's works on them." John 9: 3.