What does the solar calendar mean? What are the lunar and solar calendars?
Generally speaking, the date we say is the solar calendar, and the date we say is the lunar calendar.
China lunar calendar calculation has the following rules:
All new moons and solar terms are calculated according to Beijing time. At present, Beijing time is east longitude 120 degrees, which is the standard time in the East Eighth District. However, when calculating the lunar calendar time before 1929, Beijing local time, that is, east longitude 1 16 degrees 25, shall prevail. This rule is used to distinguish the China lunar calendar from other similar lunar calendars, such as the Japanese lunar calendar.
A day starts at 0: 00 pm. Although the old sub-hour is equivalent to today's 23: 00 to 1: 00, the last four hours of the sub-hour belong to the previous day, and the next four hours belong to a new day, so it conforms to the definition of a day starting from zero.
The day when the new moon appears is the first day of a month. If a solar term appears on this day, whether it appears later than the new moon or not, it will be counted as falling into the new moon.
The winter solstice always appears in 1 1 month of this year's lunar calendar.
From the second day of the winter solstice of one year to the winter solstice of the next year, if there are thirteen new moons, a leap month will be added. When a leap month needs to be added, the first lifeless month is the leap month. Because there are only twelve kinds of neutral gases, there is no possibility of neutral gases for at least one month and two months. But in this case, only the first month without breath is a leap month. When the month before leap month is a month, it is called leap month.
The lunar calendar calculation rules listed above were adopted during the Shunzhi period of the Qing Dynasty, that is, AD 1645. An important feature of the above laws is that they are completely based on astronomical observations in theory, and there is no mathematical relationship between them. This is in sharp contrast to the Gregorian calendar, which is completely determined by mathematical relations. Of course, when it comes to the calculation of the future lunar calendar, we still need the mathematical model of the movement of the moon and the earth, and the high-precision mathematical model is quite complicated. If there is no computer, it is impossible for ordinary people to calculate the accurate lunar calendar. The mathematical relationship of the solar calendar is very simple, and it is easy to calculate whether it is a leap year or not. This forms another sharp contrast.
What does the Gregorian calendar mean?
The Gregorian calendar is now an international calendar. 365 days a year, divided into twelve months. There are 97 leap years every 400 years, with one day added at the end of February, and 366 days in the whole year. Commonly known as "solar calendar"
Lunar calendar [yρn Li]: A kind of calendar, which is based on the cycle of the moon's orbit around the earth. The so-called "lunar calendar" usually refers to the calendar used in the old society of China, that is, the summer calendar. Also called "lunar calendar".
Gregorian calendar [G not ng li]: The standard name of Gregorian calendar is Gregorian calendar, which originated from western society. It was first reformed by Italian doctor, astronomer, philosopher and timekeeper aloysius Lilius (about 15 19- 1576) and Christopher Russ kravis on the basis of julian calendar, and then reformed by Pope Gregory XIII in 15. AD is the "Gregorian calendar era", also known as "AD". 1On September 27th, 949, China adopted the Gregorian calendar and AD, which are commonly used in most countries of the international community, as its own calendar and calendar year.
What does the new calendar mean?
1. The new calendar is customarily called the solar calendar in China and the Gregorian calendar internationally, that is, the Gregorian calendar, that is, the AD. It was originally called the Christian calendar, also known as the Gregorian calendar or AD, and it is a method of chronology that originated from western society. This is a calendar made by Italian doctor and philosopher aloysius Lilius, who reformed julian calendar. 1582, the then Pope Gregory XIII approved its promulgation.
1949 On September 27th, the first plenary session of China People's Political Consultative Conference passed that the newly established People's Republic of China (PRC) adopted the Gregorian calendar and the Gregorian calendar year commonly used by most countries in the international community. However, the lunar calendar has not been abolished. Today, traditional festivals in China are based on the lunar calendar.
August 8, 2008 Olympic Games is the date of the new calendar.
Your birthday is July 14 in Gregorian calendar. To convert into Gregorian calendar, you must have your birth year, because the Gregorian calendar date of each year does not necessarily correspond to the lunar date of your birth year. For example, if you were born in July 1988 in the Gregorian calendar, then July 14 in the Gregorian calendar that year is June in the lunar calendar.
Extended data:
The lunar calendar was invented by China, and the solar calendar was invented by the West, and was later introduced to China. The lunar calendar is based on the cycle of the moon's revolution, and there are twenty-nine or thirty days in a month. But this will lead to a great deviation between the calendar and the reality in a few years, so every five to six years, there will be a "leap" in one month.
The solar calendar is based on the earth's rotation period. There are 365 days in a year, but the actual cycle is about 365 and a quarter days, so there will be a leap day every four years. The lunar calendar can accurately judge the direction of the moon, which is the standard for farmers to carry out agricultural work. The solar calendar can accurately see the changes of the earth's four seasons, but it is difficult to know the date of agricultural labor.
Therefore, in China, the lunar calendar and the solar calendar are generally combined into one.
References:
Sogou Encyclopedia-New Calendar (Advertisement)
What does the Gregorian calendar mean?
The full name of the lunar calendar is the lunar calendar or the pure lunar calendar. The lunar calendar is based on the cycle of the moon, which is the new moon. Because the ancients called the moon "lunar calendar", it was called "lunar calendar" for short. It is difficult to determine the exact date of the lunar calendar, but judging from the Oracle bones in Oracle Bone Inscriptions, the lunar calendar was quite popular in the Yin Dynasty.
The main feature of the lunar calendar is that the length of the calendar month is determined according to the astronomical phenomena, that is, the phase of the moon, and the average length of the calendar month is roughly the same as that of Wang Shuoyue. 5306 days, etc. The length of a year is only an integer multiple of a calendar month, which has nothing to do with the tropical year. Therefore, the month of the lunar calendar has nothing to do with the four seasons. The date of the lunar calendar indicates a certain moon phase, that is, the first day is the new moon, that is, the new moon; The fifteenth, sixteenth or seventeenth is the full moon, which means hope; The seventh and eighth days are the first quarter moon; Twenty-two and twenty-three are the last quarter moons, and it is very convenient for the ancients to judge the date by the phase of the moon. The change of the moon phase is the easiest astronomical phenomenon to see, so most of the calendars in various countries have the lunar calendar first and then the solar calendar. However, because the lunar calendar has nothing to do with the tropical year, it is not harmonious with agricultural production and people's daily life, and it was gradually eliminated. Nowadays, except for a few countries that still use a lunar calendar called "hijri" for religious reasons, all other countries have given up.
In addition,. 19 12 after China adopted the Gregorian calendar to arrange the months, people called it the Gregorian calendar, while the traditional summer calendar coexisting with the people was popularly called the lunar calendar.
What do lunar and solar calendars mean?
We now officially adopt the solar calendar.
traditional Chinese calendar
The lunar calendar in China, also known as the lunar calendar, should be familiar to everyone. Many traditional festivals, such as Spring Festival and Mid-Autumn Festival, are all lunar holidays. However, if you ask about the rules of the lunar calendar, I'm afraid not many people know. Most people know that the first day is the day when the new moon appears, and the day of the full moon is around 15. Many people also know the approximate date of the 24 solar terms in the solar calendar. Most people don't understand the detailed concepts such as leap month. After some searching and reading, I finally have a certain understanding of the rules of the lunar calendar. I want to share it with you here.
First of all, the lunar calendar takes the month as the basic unit, and a month starts from the day when the new moon appears until the day before the next new moon appears. Because the period of the moon's revolution is between 29 and 30 days, a month in the lunar calendar is also 29 or 30 days from the appearance of the new moon. 30 days for the big moon and 29 days for the small moon. Unlike the solar calendar, large and small months are not fixed in different years. For example, the day before the Spring Festival is usually called New Year's Eve, but in many years, such as the 2000 lunar calendar1February, there are only 29 days. Since the period of twelve months is about shorter than that of the solar year 1 1 day, in order to keep the lunar year and the solar year relatively stable, a leap month should be added every two or three years. About every nineteen years, seven leap months will be added. The 24 solar terms are determined by the position of the earth in its orbit around the sun. Starting from the annual winter solstice, every 15 degree is a solar term. Therefore, the 24 solar terms have roughly fixed dates in each month of the solar calendar. In ancient times, the twenty-four solar terms guided farming, which is why the lunar calendar is also called the lunar calendar. Among them, the twelve solar terms in the second half of the solar calendar are also called zhongqi. The time when Qi appears is directly related to the determination of leap month.
China lunar calendar calculation has the following rules:
All new moons and solar terms are calculated according to Beijing time. At present, Beijing time is east longitude 120 degrees, which is the standard time in the East Eighth District. However, when calculating the lunar calendar time before 1929, Beijing local time, that is, east longitude 1 16 degrees 25, shall prevail. This rule is used to distinguish the China lunar calendar from other similar lunar calendars, such as the Japanese lunar calendar.
A day starts at 0: 00 pm. Although the old sub-hour is equivalent to today's 23: 00 to 1: 00, the last four hours of the sub-hour belong to the previous day, and the next four hours belong to a new day, so it conforms to the definition of a day starting from zero.
The day when the new moon appears is the first day of a month. If a solar term appears on this day, whether it appears later than the new moon or not, it will be counted as falling into the new moon.
The winter solstice always appears in 1 1 month of this year's lunar calendar.
From the second day of the winter solstice of one year to the winter solstice of the next year, if there are thirteen new moons, a leap month will be added. When a leap month needs to be added, the first lifeless month is the leap month. Because there are only twelve kinds of neutral gases, there is no possibility of neutral gases for at least one month and two months. But in this case, only the first month without breath is a leap month. When the month before leap month is a month, it is called leap month.
The lunar calendar calculation rules listed above were adopted during the Shunzhi period of the Qing Dynasty, that is, AD 1645. An important feature of the above laws is that they are completely based on astronomical observations in theory, and there is no mathematical relationship between them. This is in sharp contrast to the Gregorian calendar, which is completely determined by mathematical relations. Of course, when it comes to the calculation of the future lunar calendar, we still need the mathematical model of the movement of the moon and the earth, and the high-precision mathematical model is quite complicated. If there is no computer, it is impossible for ordinary people to calculate the accurate lunar calendar. The mathematical relationship of the solar calendar is very simple, and it is easy to calculate whether it is a leap year or not. This forms another sharp contrast.
What do lunar and solar calendars mean?
In astronomy, the lunar calendar mainly refers to the calendar arranged according to the moon phase cycle, in which the moon orbits the earth once (based on the sun, the actual moon orbits more than once). )
It is January, that is, the calendar with 12 calendar months a year based on the first month of the lunar calendar. The solar calendar, also known as the solar calendar, is a calendar based on the movement cycle of the earth around the sun.
The Gregorian calendar year is approximately equal to the tropic year, one year 12 months. This "month" has nothing to do with the first lunar month. The month and date of the solar calendar are very consistent with the position of the sun on the ecliptic. According to the date of the solar calendar, we can clearly see the changes of cold and warm seasons in a year. But every month, you can't see the new moon, the new moon, the new moon.
Because the new moon is easier to observe than the tropic of cancer, almost all ancient calendars are lunar calendars. Because the earth's orbit around the sun is 365 days, and the lunar December is only about 354 days, the ancients solved this problem by adding leap months.
The calendar of our country has been a kind of yin-yang calendar since ancient times. Because the first day of each month is a new moon and the fifteenth day is a full moon, it is easy to identify and use, so it is usually called the lunar calendar.