Why did Newton make great achievements in science? How did he become a great scientist from an ordinary person? To answer these questions, we can't help thinking of several stories about his hard study and hard work.
"I must pass him!"
When it comes to Newton, people may think that he must have been a "prodigy" and "genius" when he was a child, with extraordinary intelligence. In fact, Newton's childhood was thin and his mind was not smart. When I was studying in my hometown, I didn't study hard and got poor grades in my class. But he has a wide range of interests and his game skills are higher than those of ordinary children. Usually he likes to make mechanical models, such as windmills, waterwheels, sundials and so on. His elaborate water clock has won people's praise for its accurate timing.
Sometimes, the way he plays ball is also very strange. One day, he made a lantern to hang on the tail of a kite. When night falls, the lighted lanterns rise into the air with the help of the rising power of kites. Luminous lanterns flow in the air, and people are frightened and think there is a comet. Nevertheless, he is often discriminated against because of his poor academic performance.
At that time, the hierarchy of British feudal society was very serious. Students who study well in primary and secondary schools may discriminate against those who study poorly. There was a game between classes. When everyone was in high spirits, a good student kicked Newton and called him an idiot. Newton's mind was stimulated to extreme anger. He thought, we are all students. Why should I be bullied by him? I must pass him! From then on, Newton made up his mind to study hard. He gets up early and goes to bed late. Every minute counts. He studies hard and thinks hard.
After studying hard, Newton's academic performance improved continuously, and soon surpassed the classmate who had bullied him, ranking first in the class.
Fun under the fence
Many famous scientists in the world have poor families. On the road to success, they all fought tenaciously against the difficult situation. Newton's childhood was also very sympathetic.
Newton was born in 1642 in the home of an ordinary farmer in England. Newton's father died shortly before he was born. Mother remarried when he was two years old. When Newton was fourteen, his stepfather died unfortunately and his mother returned to her hometown. Newton was forced to drop out of school and go home to help her farm. Mother wants to train him to make a living independently and let him manage agricultural products.
How reluctant a studious child is to leave his beloved school! He cried several times, but his mother never changed her mind. Finally, she had to study business against her will. Every morning, he and an old servant go to a big town more than ten miles away to do business. Newton disliked doing business very much, and entrusted all the affairs to an old servant, but he secretly went to a place to study.
As time went on, Newton became more and more disgusted with business, and all he liked was reading. Later, Newton simply stopped going to town to do business, and asked the old servant to go alone. Afraid that his family would find out, he went out with the old servant every day, stopped halfway and studied under a fence. Whenever the old servant comes back in the afternoon, we will go home together.
In this way, day after day, the reading life under the fence is also very enjoyable. One day, he was reading happily under the fence when his uncle saw him pass by. When my uncle saw this, he was very angry and shouted at him for doing nothing. Took Newton's book. My uncle was moved when he saw that he was reading a math book with various marks painted on it. My uncle hugged Newton and said excitedly, "son, just develop according to your ambition." Your right path should be learning. "
After returning home, my uncle tried to persuade Newton's mother to let Newton abandon business and go to school. With the help of his uncle, Newton returned to school as he wished.
Study and calculate the wind force in the storm
Time treats people equally and gives people the same amount, but people use time in different ways and gain different knowledge.
When Newton was sixteen years old, his understanding of mathematics was still superficial, and he didn't even understand the advanced knowledge of mathematics. "Knowledge lies in accumulation, and cleverness comes from learning". Newton was determined to climb the peak of mathematics by his own efforts. Under the unfavorable conditions of poor foundation, Newton can correctly understand himself and make progress despite difficulties. He relearned the basic knowledge and basic formulas and made solid progress step by step. After studying Euclidean geometry, he studied Cartesian geometry. In contrast, he thought Euclidean geometry was superficial, so he studied Descartes carefully.
Geometry, until master the essentials, mastery. So he invented the algebraic binomial theorem. Newton's legendary story of "calculating the wind force in a big storm" can prove Newton's body mechanics. One day, there was a big storm. The wind is howling, the dust is flying, and the mystery is long, which makes people open their eyes. Newton thought it was a good opportunity to study and calculate the wind accurately. So, he took the appliance and ran back and forth in the storm. He stumbled and measured with difficulty. Several times the dust fascinated his eyes, several times the wind blew away the paper, and several times the wind forced him to suspend his work, but none of them shook his thirst for knowledge. He finally got the correct data over and over again. He was so happy that he hurried home to continue his research. Where there is a will, there is a way. After diligent study, Newton laid a solid foundation for his tower of science. Soon, Newton's math tower was built. He invented differential calculus at the age of 22 and integral calculus at the age of 23, which made great contributions to the cause of human science.
The secrets of gravity and light
When Newton was twenty-three, there was a plague in London. In order to prevent students from being infected, Cambridge University informed students to leave school and go home to avoid the epidemic, and the school was temporarily closed. Newton returned to his hometown of Lincolnshire. In the days when he didn't go to school in the country, he never stopped studying and researching. The basic work of gravity, calculus, optical analysis and other inventions was completed during this period.
At that time, children in rural areas often used slings for several rounds and then threw stones far away. They can also hold a bucket of milk over their heads without the milk falling down.
These facts made him suspicious: "What is the power to keep the stones in the slingshot and the milk in the bucket from falling?" For this question, he once thought of Kepler and Galileo. He went from vast space, endless planets, cold moon to huge earth, and then thought about the interaction between these giants. At this time, Newton plunged into the calculation and verification of "gravity". Newton plans to use this principle to verify the laws of the planets in the solar system. He first deduced the distance from the moon.
The distance between the earth, because the quoted data is incorrect, the calculation result is wrong. Because according to theory, the centripetal acceleration of the moon should be 16 feet per minute, but in fact it is only 13.9 feet. Newton didn't lose heart in the predicament of failure. On the contrary, he studies harder with greater efforts. After seven years of cold and heat, at the age of 30, he finally proved the world-famous "law of gravity" and laid the foundation for theoretical astronomy and celestial mechanics.
During this period, Newton also studied optics and discovered the origin of color. On one occasion, he used a homemade telescope to observe celestial bodies. No matter how he adjusted the lens, his viewpoint was always unclear. He thinks this may be related to the refraction of light. Then the experiment began. He left a small round hole in the darkroom window to transmit light, and put a prism behind the indoor window. A white screen was hung behind the prism to receive the light folded by the prism. As a result, to a big surprise, Newton was surprised to see that the refraction received on the white screen was elliptical and had two ends.
Show colorful colors. Newton thought deeply about this strange phenomenon. Knowing that light is refracted, the white light of the sun is scattered into seven colors: red, orange, yellow, green, blue, indigo and purple. So white light (sunlight) is composed of seven colors of light: red, orange, yellow, green, blue, indigo and purple. It is for this reason that nature is sunny after the rain, and the sunshine is refracted and reflected by the raindrops around the sky, forming a colorful rainbow.
Newton pointed out after further research that everything in the world has color, not itself. The sun shines on everything, and every object only absorbs the color it accepts and reflects the color it cannot accept. The color of this reflection is the color of various objects that people see. This theory accurately reveals the origin of color, and all kinds of color theories that have appeared in the world since ancient times have been overthrown by it.
Newton was able to make such great achievements, and the profound mathematical foundation laid by his hard work in his early years played an important role.
Enter the realm of selflessness
On a rugged mountain road, a white-haired old man is slowly climbing the mountain with a horse. People walked slowly in front, horses followed step by step, and monotonous hooves rang in the valley. Walking, the horse suddenly ran away, and the old man didn't notice it because he was immersed in extreme thinking. The old man still climbed the mountain bravely, holding the reins of the horse in his hand. When he climbed to a flat place and wanted to ride a horse, he pulled the reins, only one rope was pulled in front. Looking back, the horse was gone.
Newton spent most of his time studying except taking a little time to exercise every day. Once, in the study, he was thinking while cooking eggs. Thinking hard almost made him insane. Suddenly, the water in the pot boiled. I quickly lifted the pot and looked, "Ah!" He exclaimed, but it was a pocket watch cooked in the pot. It turned out that when he was thinking about the problem, he absently put the pocket watch as an egg in the pot.
On another occasion, Newton invited a friend to his home for lunch. He was fascinated by science and forgot it. As usual, his servant only prepared Newton's lunch for himself. Near noon, the guests were invited. The guests saw Newton immersed in calculation problems, with manuscript paper and books on the table and bed. Seeing this, the guest didn't bother Newton. Seeing the food on the table, he thought it was for him and sat down to eat. After eating, he left quietly. Newton finished the problem and went to the table to get ready for lunch.
When I was eating, I saw the chicken bones on my plate and suddenly realized, "I thought I wouldn't eat them, so I ate them."
It doesn't matter whether these stories are true or not, but it shows that Newton was a thoughtful man, slovenly and pretending to be quiet. He is extremely absorbed in science, always thinking about the rotation of the stars and the changes of the universe, and has entered the realm of selflessness.
Modest and prudent style of study
"The rivers and rivers are very calm, and knowledgeable people are very modest." All great men who have made great contributions to human development have the virtue of modesty. Whenever Newton made great achievements in science, he was never complacent, thought himself great, and rushed to publish his works to make himself famous all over the world.
When Newton worked hard to work out the law of gravity, he was not in a hurry to publish it. Instead, I continued to think tirelessly for several years, studied for several years, and immersed myself in digital calculation, never saying a word to anyone. Later, Newton's friend, the great astronomer Harley (the discoverer of the comet), made a special trip to ask Newton when he had difficulty in proving a law about planetary orbits. Newton gave Harley his manuscript on the calculation of gravity. Harley didn't know until he saw it. The question he wanted to ask was Newton.
I envy those problems that have been solved by calculation.
1684 1 1 month One day, Harley visited Newton's apartment again. When it comes to academic problems related to astronomy, Newton took out a written paper to demonstrate "gravity" and asked Harley for advice. After reading it, Harley was very surprised at this masterpiece. He said to Newton with joy, "This is really a great argument and a great book!" " "He repeatedly advised Newton to publish this great book as soon as possible for the benefit of mankind. But Newton did not listen to the good advice of his friends and published his own book easily. But by
After repeated verification and calculation for a long time, it was confirmed to be correct, and in July 1687, the Mathematical Principles of Natural Philosophy was published to the whole world.
Newton was a very modest man and never conceited. Someone once asked Newton, "What is the secret of your success?" Newton replied, "If I have a little success, there is no other secret but diligence." He added, "If I see farther, it is because I stand on the shoulders of giants." How meaningful these words are! It vividly reveals the secret of Newton's great achievements, that is, on the basis of previous research results, with dedication, he diligently created and developed a branch.
A new world of learning.
These examples provide you with writing materials. You must exercise your summing-up ability. I believe you can do it!