One day, French mathematician Buffon invited many friends to his home and did an experiment. Buffon spread a big piece of white paper on the table, which was covered with parallel lines with equal distance. He also took out many small needles of equal length, the length of which was half that of parallel lines. Buffon said, "Please feel free to leave these small needles on this piece of white paper!" " The guests did as he said.
Buffon's statistics show that everyone * * * throws 22 12 times, in which the small needle intersects the parallel line on the paper 704 times, and 2210 ≈ 704 ≈ 3.142. Buffon said, "This number is an approximation of π. Every time you get an approximation of pi, the more times you throw it, the more accurate the approximation of pi is. " This is the famous Buffon Experiment.
Mathematical magician
198 1 One day in summer, India held a mental arithmetic competition. The performer is a 37-year-old woman from India. Her name is Shagongtana. On that day, she will compete with an advanced electronic computer with amazing mental arithmetic ability.
The staff wrote a long list of 20/kloc-0 bits, asking to find the 23rd root of this number. As a result, it took Shagongtana only 50 seconds to report the correct answer to the audience. In order to get the same answer, the computer must input 20,000 instructions, and then calculate, which takes much more time than Shagongtana.
This anecdote caused a sensation in the world, and Shagongtana was called a "mathematical magician".
Hua worked until the last day.
Watson was born in Jiangsu. He likes math since he was a child, and he is very clever. 1930, 19-year-old Hua went to Tsinghua University to study. During his four years in Tsinghua, under the guidance of Professor Xiong Qinglai, Hua studied hard and published more than a dozen papers in succession. Later, he was sent to study in Britain and got a doctorate. He studied number theory deeply and got the famous Fahrenheit theorem. He paid special attention to integrating theory with practice and traveled to more than 20 provinces, municipalities and autonomous regions to mobilize the masses to apply the optimization method to agricultural production.
The reporter asked him in the interview: "What is your greatest wish?"
Without thinking, he replied, "Work until the last day." On the last day of working hard for science, he really fulfilled his promise.
Seven mathematical problems in 2 1 century
On May 24, 2000, the Clay Institute of Mathematics in the United States announced the results of many mathematicians' selection: each of the seven "Millennium Mathematical Problems" was awarded one million dollars.
Since the publication of the "Millennium Prize", it has had a strong response in the field of mathematics. These problems are all about the basic theory of mathematics, but the solution of these problems will greatly promote the development and application of mathematical theory. Understanding and studying the "Millennium Prize" has become a hot spot in mathematics. Mathematicians in many countries are organizing joint research. It can be expected that the "Millennium Prize Problem" will change the historical process of mathematics development in the new century.
Karl, (1596- 1650), a French philosopher, mathematician and physicist, was one of the founders of analytic geometry. He believes that mathematics is the theory and model of all other sciences, and puts forward a methodology based on mathematics and centered on deduction, which is a philosophy left to future generations. What about the Department of Mathematics and Nature?
Descartes analyzed the advantages and disadvantages of geometry and algebra, and showed that he wanted to find a method that included the advantages of these two sciences without their disadvantages. This method is to study the geometric problem-analytic geometry by algebraic method. Geometry confirmed Descartes' position in the history of mathematics, and geometry put forward the main ideas and methods of analytic geometry, marking the birth of analytic geometry. Sigmund called it a turning point in mathematics, and later mankind entered the stage of variable mathematics.
Descartes also improved the Vedic symbols. He used A, B, C ... to represent known numbers, and X, Y, Z ... to represent unknown numbers, and created symbols such as "=" and ","which have been used ever since.
Descartes also has many unique features in physics, physiology and astronomy.
Vedas
Vedas (1540- 1603), French mathematician. When I was young, I studied law, worked as a lawyer, later engaged in political activities, worked as a member of parliament, and deciphered enemy codes for the government during the Spanish War. David is also devoted to mathematical research. He was the first to consciously and systematically use letters to represent known numbers, unknowns and their powers, which brought great progress in algebraic theory research. David discussed various rational transformations of equation roots and found the relationship between equation roots and fractions. David is known as the "father of algebra" in Europe. 1579, David published "Mathematical Laws Applied to Triangle", and also found that this is the first analytical expression of π.
His major works include Introduction to Analysis, Identification and Correction of Equations, Analysis in Five Chapters, Mathematical Laws Applied to Triangle, etc. Because of his outstanding contributions, he became the most outstanding mathematician in France in the16th century.
Gauss
I have heard a story in my mind: Gauss is a second-grade primary school student. One day, because his math teacher had handled more than half of the things, he still wanted to finish them even after class, so he planned to give the students a math problem to practice. His topic is:1+2+3+4+5+6+7+8+9+10. Because addition has just been taught for a long time, the teacher thinks it will take a long time for students to work it out, so that they can use this time to deal with unfinished things. But in the blink of an eye, Gauss had stopped writing and sat there doing nothing. The teacher was very angry and scolded Gauss, but Gauss said he had worked out the answer, which was 55. The teacher was shocked and asked how Gauss worked it out. I just found that the sum of 1 and 10 is the sum of1,2 and 9, 1 1, 3 and 8, 1 1, 4 and 7. And11+1+1+1+11= 55, which is how I calculated it. Gauss became a great mathematician when he grew up. When Gauss was young, he could turn difficult problems into simple ones. Of course, qualification is a big factor, but he knows how to observe, seek the law, simplify the complex, and is worth learning and emulating.
Interesting stories of mathematician Hua when he was a child
Hua (1910-1982) is a native of Jintan County, Jiangsu Province. He was named Luo Geng because his father, Hua fellow villager, put him on the laundry list of a lucky birth.
Hua was fond of playing since he was a child and liked to join in the fun, but his lessons were mediocre and sometimes he failed. I barely finished primary school and entered Jintan Middle School in my hometown, but I was still playful and my handwriting was crooked. When I do my math homework, I draw it carefully, but it's like graffiti. Therefore, Hua in junior high school is still disliked by teachers and often ruled.
Wang Weike, a middle school teacher in Jintan, has a unique vision. He studied Hua's graffiti book and found that these altered places reflected various methods he explored when solving problems. On one occasion, Teacher Wang Weike told his students that Sun Tzu's Calculation of the Art of War had such a problem: "This matter is unknown, and the number of three and three is the second, the number of five and five is the third, and the number of seven and seven is the second. What is the geometry of things? " When everyone was silent, a student stood up. As you can see, flowers have always been looked down upon. At that time, he was only fourteen. Can you guess how much Hua said?
/kloc-Rudolph, a German mathematician in the 6th century, spent his whole life calculating pi to 35 decimal places, which was later called Rudolph number. After his death, someone else carved this number on his tombstone. Jacques Bernoulli, a Swiss mathematician, studied the spiral (known as the thread of life) before his death. After his death, a logarithmic spiral was carved on the tombstone, and the inscription also read: "Although I have changed, I am the same as before." This is a pun, which not only describes the spiral nature, but also symbolizes his love for mathematics.