In mathematics, the famous mathematical monograph in Sui and Tang Dynasties is "Jigu Shujing" written by Wang Xiaotong in Tang Dynasty. The Sui and Tang Dynasties attached great importance to mathematics education. In the Sui Dynasty, there was a doctor of mathematics in Guo Zi Temple, and in the Tang Dynasty, there was a mathematics museum in imperial academy. In the era, Li et al. compiled ten important mathematical classics since Han and Tang Dynasties into Ten Arithmetic Classics and annotated them for use in Sinology. In the middle and late Tang Dynasty, with the needs of commercial development, some popular practical calculators appeared, such as Longyi Arithmetic, Jiangben Arithmetic, Deyi Arithmetic, Chen Arithmetic and so on. But these ancient books have not been handed down.

After the People's Song Dynasty, the increasingly frequent commercial activities promoted the continuous progress of calculation in the Song and Yuan Dynasties, and the calculation tools based on calculation and financial management were gradually replaced by quick and simple abacus calculation; In mathematics education and research, in addition to official studies, some intellectuals in the society also conduct calculations and research privately and set up accounts for apprentices. The popularization of mathematics teaching and research made the mathematics achievements in this period brilliant. Among them, the numerical solution of higher-order equation, the solution of multivariate higher-order equation, the solution of linear congruence and the high-order finite difference method are all 400~800 years earlier than those in the west. The representative works of these great achievements are as follows: (1) Shu Shu Jiu Zhang written by Qin in the Southern Song Dynasty, which invented the method of solving numerical values of higher-order equations by "taking great derivative"; In the Yuan Dynasty, Ye Li invented "Astrology" in "Measuring the Circle of the Sea Mirror" and "An Ancient Yan Duan", and established the digital higher order equation; In the Southern Song Dynasty, Yang Hui's Detailed Explanation of Nine Chapters Algorithm, Daily Algorithm and Yang Hui's Algorithm recorded "the method of multiplication and prescription" and "the source of prescription practice". Zhu Shijie's Meet with Siyuan in Yuan Dynasty describes the solution of multivariate higher-order equation and higher-order arithmetic progression.