Archimedes made outstanding contributions to the study of mechanics in the fields of statics and hydrostatics, established the basic principles and gave many important methods. Archimedes attached great importance to the combination of experiment and mathematical reasoning, and his research method not only has theoretical value, but also has practical significance. He used continuous division to calculate the volume of ellipsoid, rotating projectile, etc. This method has already had the rudiment of integral calculation.
Archimedes also provided an effective way to solve practical engineering problems by finding the center of gravity of geometric figures. The machine he invented has a water spiral to divert water, a lever pulley machine that can fill a big ship, and can explain the running model of the earth, moon and sun during the solar eclipse. These inventions and models fully demonstrated his mechanical knowledge and mathematical ability.
Archimedes hydrostatic principle;
1, buoyancy exists: Archimedes principle points out that when an object is completely or partially immersed in a fluid, it will be subjected to an upward buoyancy. This buoyancy is equal to the weight of the fluid displaced by the object. This principle applies to all types of fluids, including water, air, oil, etc.
2. Buoyancy direction: the direction of buoyancy is vertical and always points to the center of mass of the fluid. This means that no matter how the position of an object changes in the fluid, buoyancy always points to the center of the fluid.
3. Relationship between buoyancy and weight of displaced fluid: Archimedes principle reveals the relationship between buoyancy and weight of displaced fluid. When an object is completely or partially immersed in a liquid, the volume of water or air it displaces is equal to its own volume. Buoyancy is equal to the weight of the fluid displaced by the object.
4. Hydrostatic pressure: Archimedes principle also involves the concept of hydrostatic pressure. When an object is completely or partially immersed in a static fluid, the force exerted by the fluid on the object is balanced. This force is called hydrostatic pressure. Hydrostatic pressure has nothing to do with the shape and size of the object, but only with the density and depth of the fluid.
5. Limitations of the principle: Archimedes' principle can well describe the buoyancy effect of fluid on objects in most cases, but it also has certain limitations. For example, in a high-speed flowing fluid, buoyancy may be affected by the compressibility and viscosity effect of the fluid. For some objects with complex shapes or structures, Archimedes principle may not give accurate prediction results.