It is clearly stipulated in the mathematics syllabus that students' "initial logical thinking ability" should be gradually cultivated. In teaching, teachers should encourage and guide students to understand mathematical concepts on the basis of perceptual materials or carry out simple judgment and reasoning skills through quantitative relations, so as to express this thinking process in language, so as to master the most basic knowledge and cultivate the most basic abilities-analytical ability, understanding ability and language expression ability. This will help to correct the defects of students' thinking process in time, and it is also of guiding significance to all students.

So how to cultivate students' reasoning ability in class?

First of all, create a warm classroom atmosphere and encourage students to speak freely.

I think teachers should first create a relaxed and democratic classroom atmosphere, eliminate the psychological barriers that students dare not speak, and let students reason freely. The teacher can't help the students to finish their reasoning when they don't answer. We should remind them tactfully, at the same time, prevent some students from laughing at each other, give them more encouragement and affirmation, and let them answer questions confidently and make sense on their own initiative. This unconsciously improves students' interest and enthusiasm in reasoning. For example, divide an 8-meter-long rope into three sections on average, each section is () meters long, and each section accounts for () of the whole length. It is not too difficult for students to answer the first question alone, but some students are a little confused when they are put together with the second question. This is to encourage students to dare to speak and express their incoherent views boldly.

Second, guide students to speak in an orderly manner

In the face of a problem, we should understand it from the perspective of students and express it in their language. They are easy to understand and accept. Therefore, teachers should not only understand the results of students' speaking, but also pay attention to the quality of students' speaking. We should encourage and guide students to express their views, tell their thinking process in an orderly way, create as many opportunities for students to speak as possible, and train students to speak in a planned and strict manner according to the contents of textbooks, which will help cultivate students' logical thinking ability in the long run. For example, after we finished the first unit of statistics, I asked: What have we learned in this unit? Some students can only say, broken line statistics; However, some students summed it up like this: in this unit, we learned the broken line statistical chart on the basis of the bar statistical chart. Its advantages are: we can not only see the numbers, but also clearly see the increase and decrease of the numbers; When drawing statistical charts of broken lines, we should also pay attention to: first draw points, connect lines, and finally write data. That is to say, students have different abilities, so teachers need to give guidance and training in class to cultivate their oral English.

Third, grasp the idea of keyword analysis.

Grasp the key words to understand the meaning of the question and improve the ability to analyze and solve problems. In the study of percentage application problems, we often encounter short sentences such as "increase, save, lose, win, decrease and be cheap". Correctly understanding these sentences is the key for children to solve problems.

There is a problem: after a 20% discount, a commodity is cheaper in 25 yuan. What is the original price of this commodity? What's the current price? Example of error: 25 divided by 80%

Reason: The child didn't understand the two key points in the topic: 20% discount and cheap 25 yuan, and mistakenly thought that the corresponding amount in 25 yuan was 80%.

Analysis: First, let the children understand that "20% discount" means that the current price accounts for 80% of the original price, and the original price is "1"; "Cheap 25 yuan" refers to 25 yuan where the current price is cheaper than the original price. The original price is the unit "1"-80% of the original price (current price) = cheap 25 yuan, or the original price is multiplied by (1-80%) = 25, so as to find the original price and finally find the current price.

Therefore, before we teach these topics, we should combine them with real life and let children understand these "abbreviated sentences". For example, the child said, "My electricity bill this month is 5 degrees lower than last month." Of course, we should understand this word in combination with the content of the topic. After such special exercises, children can correctly understand and accurately answer these "simple sentences" in the topic.

In the primary school stage, application questions account for a large proportion, from integer to decimal and fractional application questions, students always make repeated mistakes with the same questions, mainly because they don't understand the meaning of the questions. Using the above methods to guide students to train effectively and purposefully will certainly improve their ability to analyze and solve problems. At the same time, it is also helpful for the study of mathematical concepts, properties and laws. For example, after learning the trapezoidal area formula, let students talk about the derivation process of the formula to promote thinking and improve understanding ability.

In mathematics classroom, teachers pay attention to cultivating students' reasoning ability, which is an important way to improve classroom teaching effect and teaching quality.