What exactly is big data? Which undergraduate major corresponds to? What departments are generally set up? Sunshine College Entrance Examination specially interviewed Professor Hua Ying, vice president of university of international business and economics Institute of Information, to talk about this hot major that everyone pays attention to.
First, professional analysis
What is big data?
In the Internet age, the number of netizens in China has exceeded 700 million, and the application of big data involves all aspects of life. For example, if you buy a book on the website, the merchant will recommend another book to you according to your preference and the evaluation of other book buyers; Mobile phone positioning data and traffic data can help urban planning; Even users' search habits have a lot to do with the stock market.
When it comes to big data, people often know that there is a large amount of data, but big data ≠ big data. Professor Hua Ying, vice president of university of international business and economics Institute of Information, said: "Nowadays, big data includes a variety of data from various channels, the main source of which is network data. Data analysis is not new, it has always been there, but why is it called big data? Mainly because the format, volume and value of network data are beyond the scale of traditional data. The data obtained through the collection, storage, analysis, integration and control of these massive information is big data. The significance of big data technology is not to master huge data information, but to professionally process these data and realize the' value-added' of data through' processing', thus better assisting decision-making. "
Data science and big data technology
Data science and big data technology, a new major announced by the Ministry of Education on 20 15, corresponds to big data in undergraduate majors. In the examination and approval results of undergraduate majors published in March, 20 16, three universities in Peking University, university of international business and economics and Central South University were approved for the first time to offer the major of "Data Science and Big Data Technology". The following year, 32 colleges and universities were approved to major in "Data Science and Big Data Technology". According to the list approved twice, the academic system of this major is four years, and most of them are engineering.
"Data science and big data technology are highly intersecting disciplines, and it is hard to say which independent discipline they belong to. So different schools have some applications from the School of Information, some from the School of Computer Science, some from the School of Statistics, and some from the School of Economics and Management. A major like Peking University is placed under Neo-Confucianism and awarded a degree in Neo-Confucianism. Most of them are in the category of engineering computers, and they are awarded engineering degrees. " Professor Hua Ying said: "Data science has existed for a long time and is a relatively classic subject. Now it is combined with big data technology to form this major. At present, the undergraduate professional name stipulated by the Ministry of Education is' Data Science and Big Data Technology', and the specialist name is' Big Data Technology and Application'. "
What do you study in data science and big data technology?
Taking this major in university of international business and economics as an example, the professional knowledge structure includes four modules: mathematics, statistics, computer and big data analysis. The specific course arrangement is as follows:
Mathematics: Mathematical Analysis I, Mathematical Analysis II, Advanced Algebra, Discrete Mathematics. Statistics: probability theory and mathematical statistics, multivariate statistical analysis, stochastic process. Computer: data structure, computer composition principle, operating system, database system principle, C++ programming, Java programming, Python and big data analysis, scientific computing and Matlab application, R language, etc. Big data analysis: Introduction to data science, machine learning and data mining, information retrieval and data processing, natural language processing, intelligent computing, recommendation system principle, technical basis of big data analysis, data visualization, big data storage and management, big data analysis practice and other courses.
Professor Hua Ying introduced: "Data science and big data technology are a new interdisciplinary subject with strong practicality. No matter which college is established, mathematics, statistics and computer are essential. On the basis of these background disciplines, colleges and universities cross-integrate other professional knowledge and skills. For example, in order to improve students' industrial application ability and internationalization level, our school has added modules such as financial industry application and foreign languages to the modules of mathematics, statistics and computer knowledge system. According to the professional direction of each school, the curriculum is different. Interested students can check the majors and curriculum of each school. "
Two. Occupation and employment
The industry is growing rapidly, and the talent gap is 6.5438+0.8 million.
With the popularity of mobile Internet and smart terminals, the integration of information technology and economy and society has triggered the rapid growth of data. New Moore's Law holds that the total amount of data in human history will double every 18 months. And massive data contains huge productivity and business opportunities.
During the four years from 20 1 1 to 20 14, China's big data is in its infancy, with an annual growth rate of over 20%. In 20 15, the market scale of big data has reached 9.89 billion yuan. The annual growth rate of 20 16 reached 45%, exceeding 1600 million yuan. It is estimated that in 2020, China's big data market will exceed 800 billion yuan, and it is expected to become the world's largest data resource country. However, low data openness, weak technology, lack of talents and lack of in-depth industrial application are all problems that need to be solved urgently in industrial development.
According to LinkedIn's 20 16 report on the hottest positions in China, there are currently six kinds of hot positions in short supply, with different degrees of scarcity. Among them, the supply index of data analysis talents is the lowest, only 0.05, which is highly scarce.
According to the data analysis committee of China Business Federation, China needs 6,543,800+8,000 data talents in the next three to five years, but up to now, there are only about 300,000 big data employees in China. At the same time, the criteria for selecting talents in the big data industry are constantly changing. At the beginning, the demand for big data talents was mainly concentrated in ETL R&D, system architecture development, data warehouse research and other hardware fields, and most of them were talents with IT and computer backgrounds. With the development of big data in various vertical fields, the demand for statistics and mathematics professionals, data analysis, data mining, artificial intelligence and other software fields has increased.